India & Natural Disaster Management

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 11:48

Nepal earthquake: India ends Op Maitri as foreign rescuers asked to leave

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It wrapped up Operation Maitri as Nepal asked rescue teams from India and 33 other countries to leave as it prepared to launch massive operations to rehabilitate millions of uprooted victims of the devastating temblor.

Nepal Prime Minister Sushil Koirala had said last week his country was indebted to India for its swift response to the humanitarian crisis following the devastating earthquake.

Speaking to HT after being briefed by officials on the pace of aid delivery to far-flung areas, Koirala said, "I have no words to express appreciation for the Indian assistance. Actually, the contribution of all international teams, including the Chinese, has been extraordinary."

Within 6 hours of the tragedy, India had sent the first air force flight which landed in Kathmandu with National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) rescue teams and relief material.

Thereafter, IAF 32 flights brought in 520 tonnes of relief materials containing tents, blankets, medicines, cooking material, food, water, heavy engineering equipment, ambulances, RO plant, oxygen generators, two full-fledged army field hospitals with 18 medical teams, 18 army engineering teams and 16 NDRF teams.

Eight MI 17 and 5 ALH helicopters of the Indian Army have carried more than 207 tonnes of relief materials, evacuated over 900 injured and transported over 1,700 stranded people of various nationalities.

These teams worked round-the-clock since their deployment in close coordination with the government of Nepal.

More than 2,600 victims have been treated so far by the Indian medical teams and out of these, 1,170 have been treated at Barpak, the epicentre of the earthquake.

"It represented not only the deepest commitment at the highest political level in India but also overwhelming outpouring of support from the people of India and over a dozen Indian states including those bordering Nepal," Indian ambassador to Nepal, Ranjit Rae, said while briefing the international community about rescue and relief work carried out by India.

Speculations

Amid speculations that Nepal's request to all 34 international search and rescue teams to begin the process of withdrawal was directed at India, its government denied reports that India has been singled out for de-induction.

The decision also came a day after #GoHomeIndianMedia was trending on social media.

The head of NDRF, among the first foreign organisations to arrive, said it had been asked by the Nepal government to conclude its operations.

"All the search and rescue teams, not the relief (teams)... have been asked to return," NDRF chief OP Singh told the media.

As NDRF teams started being withdrawn, India said it is only because their work in the Himalayan country was accomplished that they were leaving.

Minister of state for home Kiren Rijiju, who handles the disaster management division in the home ministry that controls the NDRF, said the Nepalese government has asked the NDRF to demobilise so that reconstruction and rehabilitation work can be started.

"It should not be taken in any other sense," he said.

Nepalese ambassador to India Deep Kumar Upadhyay clarified that India will remain engaged in the rehabilitation process. He asked the media to take the situation positively and added that rescue work in Nepal is about to be completed.

"This (rescue) is the first phase. Now we have to clear all the debris also. Kathmandu is a monumental city... Nepal army is coordinating all these things. They are the experts and if they need any kind of equipment, personnel, they will make their request and government will do accordingly," said Upadhyay.

"We have full commitment of Indian government. We told them our priorities. As far as rescue operation is concerned, it is almost ending and that is why the government of Nepal has decided that all friends who have come should prepare to leave now," he added.

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 11:50

Singha wrote:
india has sent lakhs of water packets and bottles there.

Actual requirement would be of Water only and not milk so much.

member_28352 · Post by **member_28352** » 05 May 2015 14:19

Singha wrote:to me it looks like just the yellow band ones are milk packets and the ones with blue mark are water packets.there are also water bottles.these pro-sinic cats paws should just get a clue. they should ask for chinese milk packets if they want to risk it.atleast they have a mountain of water packets for free there, instead of drinking from a tube well.India has sent lakhs of water packets and bottles there.

These are water packets only. In an emergency one can't print 200 ml packets labelled water. The only articles sold in those sizes is milk. So water was filled in milk packets, a lot of which is available, and sent to Nepal. Now if Nepali media is hellbent on maligning India then nothing can be done.

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 14:50

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 18:28

chaanakya wrote:Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 2h 2 hours ago

#NepalEarthquake Ambassador of Spain 2 India requests TFC AVM Upkarjit Singh 2 search for 17 Spaniards still missing.

Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 8m 8 minutes ago

#NepalEarthquake Just Now: Minutes before bad weather hits #Langtang, #IAF crew rescues 9 #Spaniards and their 2 dogs

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 18:36

Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 7m 7 minutes ago

#NepalEarthquake ..The Spaniards were spotted in a completely destroyed village in #Langtang. Pic shows the village.

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 05 May 2015 20:14

chaanakya wrote:

Missing An32, non differentiation of helicopter types -- cheetahs went too. Wrong only about India. Indian help to these other countries not mentioned. Roads being 10x more not disclosed.

edit -- china road access seems to be mostly blocked and unusable. They have to resort to dirty work. And its a pity they arent being given an iint ka jawaab.

svinayak · Post by **svinayak** » 05 May 2015 20:53

The catastrophe has cleared the way for technology to ride to the rescue. Over $4 million has been raised by more than 553 campaigns between the three largest crowdfunding sites – GoFundMe, Crowdrise and Indegogo.

Facebook alone raised more than $10 million in a couple of days by giving options for its users to donate through its platform. In addition, its Safety Check feature allowed users that may have been affected by disaster to identify that they are safe.

http://www.cnbc.com/id/102641684

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 22:14

Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 2h 2 hours ago

#NepalEarthquake 8 Chinese nationals were rescued by #IAF helicopter frm #Lamabagar, now connected by air only.

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 22:19

Rescue of the Spaniard Rescue team by Indian chopper
#NepalEarthquake The IAF pilots were leaving the valley located between #Langthang village and #Ghora Tabela..(1/3)

43 retweets 28 favorites
New Delhi, Delhi
Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 1h 1 hour ago

#NepalEarthquake ..when they spotted a 9-member Spanish Rescue team with 2 sniffer dogs..(2/3)

#NepalEarthquake In a swift operation at 12,000 ft, IAF’s MI-17 crew rescued them b4 bad weather hit the area.(3/3)

48 retweets 28 favorites
New Delhi, Delhi
Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 1h 1 hour ago

Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 1h 1 hour ago

#NepalEarthquake The #Spanish rescue team has located 7 bodies. Efforts will be made tomoro to retrieve them.

27 retweets 15 favorites
New Delhi, Delhi
Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 1h 1 hour ago

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 23:00

ADGPI - Indian Army

Operation Maitri
#NepalEarthquake #IndianArmyRescueandReliefWork
“ Its not what we have in our life,
But who we have in our life that counts”
A villager thanking the team after a rescue mission.

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 23:04

ADGPI - Indian Army

Operation Maitri
#NepalEarthquake #IndianArmyRescueandReliefWork
“It is not happy people who are thankful,
It is thankful people who are happy” A monk waving to a Indian Aviation Pilot after being rescued.
Like · Co

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 05 May 2015 23:07

ADGPI - Indian Army

Operation Maitri #NepalEarthquake #IndianArmyRescueReliefWork
Indian Army Engineers along with Nepalese Army and locals clearing debris and facilitating to rehabilitate our friends in Nepal.

Theo_Fidel · Post by **Theo_Fidel** » 06 May 2015 00:13

chaanakya wrote:They are racing against time. First week of June is when Monsoon hit home. There will be rain, deluge, cloud burst, flash floods, impassable roads and more suffering, epidemic , food shortage, lack of fuel, shelter and what not...

Actually unlikely. While there maybe some pre-monsoon showers, the monsoon only gets to central/Western Nepal in the last week of June to first week of July. So the rescuers have a little more time and should prioritize appropriately. Still your point is a good one. The rains will make a bad situation worse when they arrive.

Bade · Post by **Bade** » 06 May 2015 01:33

A 10 yr old article in curr sci by Prof Sk Jain (IITK) on building safety issues. Very relevant going forward with rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in both Nepal as well as in India. Time for cities in India to take stock of existing structures and take preventive measure.

http://nicee.org/Opinion.pdf

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 06 May 2015 06:59

Theo_Fidel wrote:
chaanakya wrote:They are racing against time. First week of June is when Monsoon hit home. There will be rain, deluge, cloud burst, flash floods, impassable roads and more suffering, epidemic , food shortage, lack of fuel, shelter and what not...
Actually unlikely. While there maybe some pre-monsoon showers, the monsoon only gets to central/Western Nepal in the last week of June to first week of July. So the rescuers have a little more time and should prioritize appropriately. Still your point is a good one. The rains will make a bad situation worse when they arrive.

You are right. I meant start of Monsoon in Indian subcontinent. It will take three to four weeks to advance into Nepal. Their reconstruction effort has to wait well after Monsoon. Meanwhile they should be able to stock food, medicine, kerosene and other essential items and also build temporary shelters to carry on during Monsoon as part of relief efforts. Their administrative machinery and infrastructure ha also taken a hit. It should be up and running before that to function autonomously during the period of inaccessibility.

pankajs · Post by **pankajs** » 06 May 2015 14:57

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/new ... 168475.cms
Not tents, India to supply thousands of pre-fabricated shelters to Nepal

NEW DELHI: India will offer to supply thousands of pre-fabricated shelters to Nepal to house people whose dwellings were destroyed by last month's earthquake and help assess the loss caused by the disaster to the country's economy. India's proposal will be an "improvement" over Nepal's requirement of only tents, a senior government official told ET.
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He added that India has the capacity and expertise to manufacture such pre-fabricated shelters, which will be better for the thousands of homeless people in the long run as reconstruction would take time. The official also said India has offered a Post-Disaster Need Assessment (PDNA) exercise to help determine "the loss to Nepal's economy" due to the earthquake and suggest measures to bring the country back on track.

Good move in view of impending monsoon.

rsingh · Post by **rsingh** » 06 May 2015 18:59

^^^
And why pre-fabs are not provided to homeless in Delhi,Kolkata and Mumbai? Why Indians have to die of cold,rain and heat every year. I think we are overdoing it in Nepal. En-plus they do not appreciate it. truth is all our neighbours are thankless parasites. Half of nepal work in India, whole economy is India based.......still they praise China at slightest pretext.

Karthik S · Post by **Karthik S** » 06 May 2015 19:13

rsingh wrote:^^^
And why pre-fabs are not provided to homeless in Delhi,Kolkata and Mumbai? Why Indians have to die of cold,rain and heat every year. I think we are overdoing it in Nepal. En-plus they do not appreciate it. truth is all our neighbours are thankless parasites. Half of nepal work in India, whole economy is India based.......still they praise China at slightest pretext.

I agree, also we have this tendency of seeking acknowledgement from others.

Singha · Post by **Singha** » 06 May 2015 19:37

Lot of Nepalese work in HK and china also.China has promised them Nepal will be the next shanghai.

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 06 May 2015 22:20

Sitanshu Kar @SpokespersonMoD · 1h 1 hour ago

#NepalEarthquake An #American team of doctors boarding a MI-17 heptr of IAF at #Dhading 4 their flight 2 #Tharlange.

Bade · Post by **Bade** » 07 May 2015 00:03

With Monsoon Nigh, Tent Shortage After Nepal Earthquake Prompts a D.I.Y. Response

My host is a businessman with contacts in the government who, quite unlike the government officials, has sprung into action. During writing this note the number of sewing machines has doubled. An entire Toyota dealership is now assembling tents — one every minute.

The estimated need is for 500,000 tents by the end of the week. The government thinks that with current supplies they can obtain 300,000 rectangles of canvas, and are uncertain where the rest will come from.

The Toyota repair garage owner with whom I am working is turning out one per minute using six sewing machines and 50 workers to cut and fold the canvas. The canvas is estimated to have a life of about one to six months in the monsoon and will then need to be disposed of or replaced with more canvas.

There is no immediate solution for permanent structures that will be needed for the coming winter.*

Also this one is pretty useful with nice images for cheap and safer housing alternatives.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015 ... n-science/

Keep it Local

Many engineers focusing on earthquake safety strive to use local materials. Researchers in India have successfully tested a concrete house reinforced with bamboo. A model house for Indonesia rests on ground-motion dampers designed by John van de Lindt of Colorado State University: old tires filled with bags of sand. Such a house might be only a third as strong as one built on more sophisticated shock absorbers, but it would also cost much less—and so be more likely to get built in Indonesia.

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 07 May 2015 01:50

rsingh wrote:^^^
And why pre-fabs are not provided to homeless in Delhi,Kolkata and Mumbai? Why Indians have to die of cold,rain and heat every year. I think we are overdoing it in Nepal. En-plus they do not appreciate it. truth is all our neighbours are thankless parasites. Half of nepal work in India, whole economy is India based.......still they praise China at slightest pretext.

rsingh,

This is a post out of character for you. I can only guess that it comes out of a lack of understanding of the scale of the tragedy, the current state of affairs, or the forces at play. Please do educate yourself.

Any civilised society will react as India started to, and this post, like many these days are not helpful. Even to your own well being and of everyone in India under the most conservative interpretation.

The prosperity of India, and the well being of Indian poor is very much contingent on border free societies like nepal being able to hold on to at least *some* of their vulnerable. Even for a "nationalist"s sake, you would not want a repeat of the kashmir earthquake scenario that saw china practically take over PoK. The new bravado in ladakh happens due to these changed circumstances. The costs of manning another few mountain divisions to guard a future disputed india nepal border will come from the funds that would have benefitted the poorest. Every economy is a trickle down economy.

Only those extremely ignorant of their own well being or callous about humanity's destiny would oppose or undermine the nepali rescue and reconstruction. There are literally billions of those people today. But you arent one of them.

edit -- the media publishes what it does, solely to increase these divisions. There are several orders of magnitude more people in india praising china, or heck, pakistan than there are people complaining about india in nepal. And these are not the poor or needy, these are the new rich and educated individuals who have contorted every aspect of indian system to their benefit. See visits to Lahore for an example. The media does not represent *any* truth -- not the numbers, and not the sentiment.

panduranghari · Post by **panduranghari** » 07 May 2015 01:51

rsingh wrote:^^^
And why pre-fabs are not provided to homeless in Delhi,Kolkata and Mumbai? Why Indians have to die of cold,rain and heat every year. I think we are overdoing it in Nepal. En-plus they do not appreciate it. truth is all our neighbours are thankless parasites. Half of nepal work in India, whole economy is India based.......still they praise China at slightest pretext.

Please complain to the local congress MP. Perhaps they are difficult to find nowadays. So wait until Modi ji delivers a ghar with tap with running water and a sauchalaya. Absence of shelters for homeless is a congressi gift. Never again should Chinese funds overpower Indian ones with relation to our immediate neighbours.

Theo_Fidel · Post by **Theo_Fidel** » 07 May 2015 02:07

Personally not a big fan on this ‘local materials’ and ‘innovative design’ stuff. Sounds like an excuse to build without controls, strip the local countryside, experiment on folks, employ the locals on minimum wage and then go back to West crying for more funds. More 3 cups of tea, etc. Too much nonsense goes on in the name of helping folks. All kinds of wild claims are made in terms of ‘Earthquake-Proofing’. Most of it completely ridiculous clap-trap. I'm sorry but plaster and mesh have no function by themselves and can never be considered good earthquake resistant design. Neither is rubber filled 'earthquake tires'???! There is no such thing as Earthquake proofing. What is done is to make structures Earthquake resistant. This saves the people but usually totals the structure. In any case when PGA exceeds 1, (the early internal notes being passed around are Nepal exceeded PGA 1.4, meaning 1.4 g. For reference Christchurch NZ was a PGA of 2.28.), all structures will be totaled in such areas. Only thing to be done is give people time to get outside before the roof comes down.

Earthquake resistant construction is very very well known and is quite simple to construct even with the tradition/modern construction that the locals/maistri’s employ. The concepts behind diaphragm action and shear transfer is all these folks need to understand. In residential 1-2 storey construction this is usually possible with a single layer of plywood over the existing masonry walls. Some simple rules on fasteners and attachment into the foundation need to be followed. Any earthquake engineer can come with a 1 page list of instructions to retrofit/build to survive earthquakes. In fact several such instruction lists exist.

Here is one used in the Bay Area by Timothy McCormick. Any person who can read can build his house to be earthquake resistant. Note Resistant not proof. Nepal would be well advised to kick out all the quacks and actually talk to people who do this for a living and are willing to put their name on the design assuming liability.

http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/f ... -Ch-3A.PDF

P.S. Sorry if my language is a bit strong but this stuff gets me going...

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 07 May 2015 02:24

Yes , the "keep it local" nonsense comes from cake-eating breadless folks. Pay no attention to it, it will result in waste but if there is a proper reconstruction effort it will fall by the wayside and be forgotten just like the haiti keep it local nonsense. That report in particular is meant to show that "we think about the poor people too" onlee.

An equivalent solution to another problem would be to propose lining the sea with locally sourced biodegradable fishnet to prevent the migrants from drowning.

Bade · Post by **Bade** » 07 May 2015 02:28

What is easily preventable are single storey structures in villages falling on the residents and killing them. So there is a place for all models. Not in Kathmandu or cities. People with limited means will adopt alternates which are locally available.

The structure supposedly quake resistant

as Theo insists is built at IITM campus for Rs 5 lakh for each family as a four family 2-storey structure. Check it out Theo and comment if possible.

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 07 May 2015 02:35

Bade,

There is keep it local, and "keep it local". You have to be aware of the landscape. I encourage you to check the various showcases of similar approaches to "keep it local" generated for haiti. The web is full of them, there are links earlier in this thread too.

Theo_Fidel · Post by **Theo_Fidel** » 07 May 2015 02:58

Bade wrote:So there is a place for all models.

Sorry saar, no there isn’t. You won’t get a single licensed earthquake engineer to sign on to this quackery.

Bade · Post by **Bade** » 07 May 2015 05:21

Even in Arunachal there are homes which look exactly like these Nepalese ones which are now fallen. Mostly made of stone walls cemented together, the low end ones a stone pile for walls. The higher end ones look like one of the images in this page itself of Langtang village.

Some light weight material for walls but able to keep the elements out is needed. Wood is not cheap anymore. Pre-fabs ?

Theo_Fidel · Post by **Theo_Fidel** » 07 May 2015 05:54

A simple annual earthquake drill would save the majority. Teaching folks to immediately evacuate structures at the first sign of a tremor. Even in the west this is what is taught. As far as the structures, they can be impossible to fix if they are in the wrong area. From a cursory glance, many villages may need to be moved to save lives long term. But then no one wants to hear this and everyone is sure the magic bullet is just around the corner, esp. with the quacks circling.....

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 07 May 2015 06:21

Wood was never cheap in many parts of India.

Prefabricated core portions, resistant home designs/models and planned development/organisation of homes can go a long way. A major hurdle in the actual planned development used to be the difficulty in gettying house plans approved. So most people in northern india built as they pleased --unable to pay the bribe to get a "naksha pass".

The availability of preapproved designs, third party but accredited flat fee surveyers, model homes for review, enforcement of building material standards, and promises of civic improvements such as a sewer or running water for planned developments can entice a ton of improvement even in villages.

But this can only happen in a social benefit model,not a return on investment basis.

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 07 May 2015 06:33

China.org.cn ‏@chinaorgcn 44m44 minutes ago Amsterdam, North Holland
6 more Chinese planes ready for #quake relief in #Nepal. http://on.china.cn/1IPJ8mI

China is slowly ramping up its invasion.

Bade · Post by **Bade** » 07 May 2015 06:34

Even with good structures, people construct homes on steep slopes or just next to it to be alongside a road access. In a landslide situation there is no option to run away even.

Building homes has been the oldest of human activity, and still we have not been able to develop optimal but cheap and safe solutions after all these years.

Shreeman · Post by **Shreeman** » 07 May 2015 07:01

This has to do with "I have to make ends meet and put a roof over my family" limitation of the individual. Floods are perennial. What makes an earthquake so special? Every disaster causes similar damage and the nation's bandaid approach can not be forever sustained. What is the long term vision. No money?

At some point, some government, a central government, would have to accord the same right to social security to every citizen born in india that the denizens of delhi and mumbai have. There is no social security net right now.

You cant be spending $$B on every fancy toy out there for showing off and at the same time build roads, housing, water, electricity and so on for every citizen. There is need, and then there is "treating $$B as the new $$m". There has always been an issue with priorities in the past as well. The governments simply dont represent these folks.

Provide the basics --road, water, sewer, electricty -- everywhere and planned developments will sprout with minimal guidance. For example, the lost decade cost India a lot in road development. Pretty much all of the time was spent on minimal redoing what was already reasonable. In terms of new road heads, I am not sure there was real progress. Rail isnt doing any better.

And Indian ancient/local building techniques are not poor but they are not aimed at withstanding destruction, rather at rebuilding with least financial loss. I am particularly fascinated by the innovative use of limestone and lime in structures before cement was a commodity. A lot of old structures have tons to entertain architecture fans.

Singha · Post by **Singha** » 07 May 2015 08:03

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voun26PfIM0

nepal quake on tibet side. feels like someone unleashed a MLRS barrage on the location by the smoke and dust

deejay · Post by **deejay** » 07 May 2015 09:33

^^^ Oh God! From the looks of it it looks like one of the cities. Absolutely war like! And the Chinese have mostly kept it off news? How high would be the casualties.

vishvak · Post by **vishvak** » 07 May 2015 10:54

Very tragic indeed for Tibetans, too. Wonder what Chinese are doing in Tibet. The protesting and fingerpointing few never did so when Chinese destroyed monasteries and instead of rebuilding monasteries, built brothels. What to say of any details coming out of the same disaster now affecting Nepal. Absolutely no details from chattering classes, too. Very shameless people these Chinese stooges.

pankajs · Post by **pankajs** » 07 May 2015 22:00

Sitanshu Kar ‏@SpokespersonMoD 39m39 minutes ago New Delhi, Delhi

#NepalEarthquake Shelter construction at #Barpak.

Sitanshu Kar ‏@SpokespersonMoD 44m44 minutes ago New Delhi, Delhi

#NepalEarthquake Shelters built by the Army have started getting inhabited.

Bade · Post by **Bade** » 08 May 2015 19:25

https://eos.org/articles/what-can-we-le ... ls-quake63

A few years ago, GHI’s Justin Moresco, with sociology professor Lori Peek of Colorado State University, conducted a survey of more than 100 disaster risk professionals, from government, business, health care, education, and grassroots organizations, in 11 cities—rich and poor, big and small—around the world. We wanted to learn about the barriers they faced when trying to improve earthquake safety in their cities.

The barrier ranked number 1 was “lack of funding.” “Lack of earthquake information” came in a distant number 6. When we asked these people, however, if they had information about, for example, the human and economic losses their community could expect from a likely earthquake, they said they did not but they would very much like such information.

How could they possibly expect to get the funding needed to reduce earthquake risk if they didn’t know—and make known—what losses their communities could expect? How could earthquake risk reduction compete successfully against other challenges facing these communities if the consequences of earthquakes were not known? I suspect that most geoscientists don’t realize the importance of providing basic risk information; we may think we’re communicating if we publish in our professional journals.

In addition, I’d like to see that the international development organizations that will fund the reconstruction of Nepal insist that construction employ modern building codes, that funds are allocated for inspection, and that all buildings thus constructed have some kind of plaque that designates them as “earthquake resistant.” (One would need a Plaque Police to guard against counterfeits.) These plaques would raise awareness of and demand for earthquake-resistant construction in future buildings. That’s what’s missing now. Even more ambitious, given the enormity of the reconstruction needs, I would like to involve Nepal’s reconstruction architects, engineers, and masons from nearby regions, like Assam and Bhutan. They should see firsthand what happened and learn how to prevent this in their own communities.