INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

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Singha
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

using a pontoon submerged under the water or a water filled tube on the land, even K4 can be verified a few times without waiting for Arihant to become operational. so if K4 test has no publicly happened, means the K4 itself is not ready. K15 has been verified from pontoon many times and just needs a couple successful shots from Arihant to enter IOC.

see here the french M51 test
they just buried the water tube below ground near the coast and let it rip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7glI_XAWgc

they have this special ship to track missiles and sats looks like
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xM-S7K3zerI
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Will »

Philip wrote:It is clear that the K-15 has a longer range than advertised.Possibly a range to reach any Chinese target from the safety of Indian waters.This would be an interim missile until the larger single-silo missile,whatever its designation and LR cruise missiles which can be fired from the larger diameter tubes arrive.Once the ATV design has been certified as sound,larger subs with more silos will appear.This will probably only happen by 2020.What is missing in our deterrent is a long-range bomber to complement the three legs of the triad.China is allegedly trying to acquire the rights to acquire/build Backfires from Russia in large number.
We should tie up for the PAK-DA :(
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by abhijitm »

750 km range is good enough to neutralize any port/coastal city in a conventional warfare. More I think, looks like K-15 is meant for pukes, or Kkrachi to be accurate.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by kit »

Singha wrote:using a pontoon submerged under the water or a water filled tube on the land, even K4 can be verified a few times without waiting for Arihant to become operational. so if K4 test has no publicly happened, means the K4 itself is not ready. K15 has been verified from pontoon many times and just needs a couple successful shots from Arihant to enter IOC.

see here the french M51 test
they just buried the water tube below ground near the coast and let it rip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7glI_XAWgc

they have this special ship to track missiles and sats looks like
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xM-S7K3zerI
And Uncle has satellites to do all tracking and telemetry for themselves and ...for others !
STSS demonstration satellites gathered data for future missile tracking system

http://www.janes.com/products/janes/def ... el=defence
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by dinesha »

X-POST

K-15 ALL SET TO JOIN ARIHANT -11TH SUCCESSFULL TEST FIRE ON WEDNESDAY
T. S. SUBRAMANIAN/Y. MALLIKARJUN
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/techno ... 242325.ece
The underwater missile successfully tested off Visakhapatnam coast

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) ends 2012 on an upbeat note, successfully launching the underwater missile K-15 off the Visakhapatnam coast on Wednesday. The missile darted 20 km into the air, after a gas generator ejected it from the pontoon that lay submerged a few scores of metres in the Bay of Bengal, and sped 650 km before splashing into the sea in its 11th flight trial.

After one more flight, the two-stage missile will be integrated with Arihant, India’s nuclear-powered submarine, and test-fired from the ship. “It is a fantastic system. It is a very powerful and accurate system,” said A.K. Chakrabarti, Programme Director, K-15, and Director of the Hyderabad-based Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), which designed and developed the missile.

“India is the fifth country to have an underwater launch system. The other countries are the U.S., Russia, France and China,” he said.

Avinash Chander, Chief Controller (Missiles and Strategic Systems), DRDO, termed it “a good flight” and said the test “formed part of the pre-production clearance.” Twelve K-15 missiles, each 10 metres long and weighing six tonnes and capable of carrying nuclear warheads, will form part of the deadly arsenal of Arihant, which is powered by an 80-MWt reactor that uses enriched uranium as fuel and light water as coolant and moderator.

Informed sources said the reactor had already been integrated with the Arihant at Visakhapatnam. “The commissioning process is on,” they said. The reactor would reach criticality within the first few months of 2013. The harbour trials of the ship have been completed, and it is ready for sea trials.

India has been developing the K-4 missile, to be launched from submarines. It will be more powerful than K-15, with a range of 3,000 km.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by keshavchandra »

dinesha wrote:X-POST

K-15 ALL SET TO JOIN ARIHANT -11TH SUCCESSFULL TEST FIRE ON WEDNESDAY
T. S. SUBRAMANIAN/Y. MALLIKARJUN
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/techno ... 242325.ece
The underwater missile successfully tested off Visakhapatnam coast

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) ends 2012 on an upbeat note, successfully launching the underwater missile K-15 off the Visakhapatnam coast on Wednesday. The missile darted 20 km into the air, after a gas generator ejected it from the pontoon that lay submerged a few scores of metres in the Bay of Bengal, and sped 650 km before splashing into the sea in its 11th flight trial.

After one more flight, the two-stage missile will be integrated with Arihant, India’s nuclear-powered submarine, and test-fired from the ship. “It is a fantastic system. It is a very powerful and accurate system,” said A.K. Chakrabarti, Programme Director, K-15, and Director of the Hyderabad-based Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), which designed and developed the missile.

“India is the fifth country to have an underwater launch system. The other countries are the U.S., Russia, France and China,” he said.

Avinash Chander, Chief Controller (Missiles and Strategic Systems), DRDO, termed it “a good flight” and said the test “formed part of the pre-production clearance.” Twelve K-15 missiles, each 10 metres long and weighing six tonnes and capable of carrying nuclear warheads, will form part of the deadly arsenal of Arihant, which is powered by an 80-MWt reactor that uses enriched uranium as fuel and light water as coolant and moderator.

Informed sources said the reactor had already been integrated with the Arihant at Visakhapatnam. “The commissioning process is on,” they said. The reactor would reach criticality within the first few months of 2013. The harbour trials of the ship have been completed, and it is ready for sea trials.

India has been developing the K-4 missile, to be launched from submarines. It will be more powerful than K-15, with a range of 3,000 km.
Any new news or updates on the expected sagarika test on Wednesday. Google dada still showing the same old news of expected launch.... :|
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by SNaik »

How can you consider mooring trials finished if the reactor hasn't been tested????
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by shyamd »

RAW deals with the propaganda/media management
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by srai »

SNaik wrote:How can you consider mooring trials finished if the reactor hasn't been tested????
I think in Harbor trials they test submersion (flooding ballast tanks) and limited depth dives contolled by rudders. Maybe the submarine is also on a floatation platform to raise it and move it about.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by tushar_m »

A newbie question sorry guys, but i just had a thought & i need to post it.

there is much talk that INS-Arihant & sister subs carry only 4 large tubes & even k15 they can carry only 12 or so.( lesser power punch for SSBN ).

My question is that can Arihant-class be modified later to a attack sub. :!:

It has good power punch of 12 k15 missiles for attack sub & a bigger (actual ) SSBN for Indian navy(with 12-16 vls tubes) is under construction somewhere (or will be in future). :?:

can Arihant-class be a stopgap measure with ultimate goal to be converted to SSN subs :!:

also what is a difference between attack & Ballistic missile sub(don't say it one carry ballistic missile other not ,that much i know) . the specs are depth,quietness,speed etc :?:
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

it all depends on how powerful the reactor is. as it stands, it might be same size as the 688I class but feature less power hence lesser top speed. may be ok as we dont need to cross a huge ocean to get to the fight.

those 12 tubes will give it a potent anti-ship cum land attack capability with brahmos-N and nirbhay when they arrive. plus room for another 25-30 weapons in the torpedo room - a mix of ASMs, nirbhays, mines, HWT...

so it will surely be a very potent SSGN when the time comes.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Aditya_V »

Generally, SSBN are larger subs carrying ICBM's with lesser manvourability, lesser top speed. Attack subs are much smaller faster.

SSBN are merely used as Nuke deterrent and except for post cold war converted Ohio's have no role in a conventional warfare.

Attack subs on the other hand, have land attack CM's, antiship CMs/ Torpedos, anti-sub role and in extreme cases can even carry special forces.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by tushar_m »

just compare the given two subs , if we get upgrades of powerful reactor then

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Bar ... _submarine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arihant_class_submarine

if we can get something like...->
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK-650_reactor

or the small version of reactor on something like...->

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graney_class_submarine

also we cannot deny that structural & other equipments update will be much needed to improve the quietness of the subs.
So just hope for the best & watch if Indian Navy have some Ace up there sleeve.... 8) 8) 8)
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by SaiK »

If we can miniaturize AHWR(th) in the future, then on to MSR/LFTR ishtyle one could embark as the great power. But the challenge is more than sending a mission to moon to fetch H3 for indic use.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by svinayak »

SNaik wrote:How can you consider mooring trials finished if the reactor hasn't been tested????
:lol:
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Austin »

Should give an Idea how long a Sea Trial might be needed prior to commissioning of ATV , Some details on Borei sea trials prior to commissioning
http://www.itar-tass.com/en/c154/618432.html
According to Sevmash Director-General Mikhail Budnichenko, “The Yuri Dolgoruky has successfully completed the trials, having made 22 voyages and travelled more than 20,000 nautical miles.”
Think ATV Sea Trial would be equally elaborate and comprehensive prior to raising of St George Flag
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Christopher Sidor »

Boreas wrote:
prashanth wrote:Singha ji,
True. But what is the strategic value of such an SLBM? You have to go very close to the enemy coast to launch it.
This leaves me wondering if the K15 is a smokescreen to cover something else.
750Km is good enough for our friends up the arabian sea.

panda is always second in our priority list. atleast untill very recently it was.
The utility of Arihant w.r.t to the Pakis is dubious. We need nuclear-hunter killers and nuclear-ballistic missile carriers with respect to China and the wider Indian Ocean. Pakistan is small fry. We have enough nuclear capability to deal with it.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Aditya G »

^ you forget that ssbn forms the second strike capability. Given our nfu posture we don't have adequet capability
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Austin »

Christopher Sidor wrote:The utility of Arihant w.r.t to the Pakis is dubious. We need nuclear-hunter killers and nuclear-ballistic missile carriers with respect to China and the wider Indian Ocean. Pakistan is small fry. We have enough nuclear capability to deal with it.
Not really dubious even if India has superior Air and Land attack Capability for its Nuclear Forces , these assets will be tracked in real time by Friends of Pakistan ( US and China ) during crises and would provide them with advanced EW capability of assets being moved to better target it in case of potential first strike.

Arihant class SSBN would ensure that Indian 2nd Strike capability will remain discrete and far harder to track by potential adversary giving SFC more confidence in times of crises and keep the enemies guessing.
tushar_m

Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by tushar_m »

Austin wrote:
Christopher Sidor wrote:The utility of Arihant w.r.t to the Pakis is dubious. We need nuclear-hunter killers and nuclear-ballistic missile carriers with respect to China and the wider Indian Ocean. Pakistan is small fry. We have enough nuclear capability to deal with it.
Not really dubious even if India has superior Air and Land attack Capability for its Nuclear Forces , these assets will be tracked in real time by Friends of Pakistan ( US and China ) during crises and would provide them with advanced EW capability of assets being moved to better target it in case of potential first strike.

Arihant class SSBN would ensure that Indian 2nd Strike capability will remain discrete and far harder to track by potential adversary giving SFC more confidence in times of crises and keep the enemies guessing.
There was & i again say "WAS" the time when US or China might help pakistan...

US knows that after Afghanistan they have no use for pakistan since Russia is no longer a competitor (atleast for now)
i also suspect that pakistan may try to milk US for some more items before there withdrawal from Afghanistan.

China has its own problems , tiwan , japan ,vietnam ,USN.etc

unlike India these are the people who are waiting for china to go to war with some country (any country) & they will get an opportunity to weaken the china armed forces to its core.

simply there is a greater possibility that if goes on war with any country the others will unite for fight against it.
so pakistan will not get full scale help from its panda brothers..

the timeline for pakistan armed forces finishes at around 2015 when new friends & collaborations will be made in Asia & every one knows that the best politics/diplomacy is played by India ("we have no enemy even pak")......

so watch out my dear neighbor :) your time is coming ..................... :twisted: :twisted: :twisted:

so my new friend arihant & his brothers will be more than enough for pakistan even in current configuration ............ :) :) :)
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by wig »

Nuclear sub Arihant headed for sea trials
Indigenous nuclear submarine INS Arihant (destroyer of enemies) is all set for sea trials in the coming weeks. Its pressurised water reactor is slated to go “critical” allowing the 6,000-tonne undersea platform to complete its last stage of testing called “sea trails” that includes operating the vessel in all possible scenarios, its mandated depth, its sonars and radars. This will include testing of on board missiles and weapons, including nuclear-tipped ones.

If everything goes on track, sea trails of the Arihant could commence anytime within four weeks to eight weeks from now. The miniaturisation of the reactor was a challenge that has been overcome.

Sea trails had to be delayed a few times due to technical reasons. On December 3, Naval Chief Admiral DK Joshi said harbour acceptance trials for the under-development vessel had been completed. “We expect to have good news for the nation very soon,” he had added.

Arihant, launched in July 2009 at Visakhapatnam, is first of the series of three ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) that India proposes to build at a cost of Rs 30,000 crore.

Induction of Arihant into the fleet would complete the crucial third leg of India’s nuclear triad-the ability to fire nuclear weapons from land, air and sea. Sea trials of Arihant will be globally watched even as India will enter the exclusive club of nations that have the capacity to build nuclear-powered submarines. Only the US, Russia, the UK, France and China have the technology, at present.

Though India is still building a nuclear-powder submarine-considered to be a very complex technology-its Navy has a fully integrated Akula class nuclear submarine, the INS Chakra, leased from Russia for 10 years.

New Delhi has already announced that the INS Arihant will go on deterrent patrol aimed at providing the ability of a retaliatory “second strike” in case of a nuclear attack. The submarine will carry its full load of nuclear-tipped missiles that can be launched from under the sea.

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has already announced that it has successfully developed nuclear-tipped submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs). The project was a closely guarded secret at the development stage and was called the “Sagarika Project” or by its code name the K-15. This has been tested several times using a pressurised canister submerged under water to mimic a submarine-style launch. So far, countries like the US, Russia, France, China and the UK have the capability to launch a submarine-based ballistic missile.
http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130125/nation.htm#10
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by svinayak »

nuclear-powder submarine?
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by krishnan »

nuclear-powder submarine is sure is very comples tech...i am sure even US doesnt have such tech
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by manum »

"trails" should be "trials" as well...This word is used everywhere in the article...
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Philip »

There was a snippet of info somewhere recently that the next follow on sub would have a more powerful reactor/plant.This would indicate that the missile compartment would most probably be twice the size capable of carrying at least 8 long range BMs,or 8X3 K-15s.Whether this is the follow on to the A'hant,supposed to be under construction, or the one after isn't known.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by SagarAg »

Acharya wrote:nuclear-powder submarine?
krishnan wrote:nuclear-powder submarine is sure is very comples tech...i am sure even US doesn't have such tech
It will blow enemies away.. :rotfl:
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by K Mehta »

SSridhar wrote:India Successfully Test Fires Underwater Missile - TSS & Y.Mallikarjun, The Hindu
India on Sunday successfully test-fired the underwater ballistic missile, K-15 (code-named B05), off the Visakhapatnam coast, marking en end to a series of developmental trials.

In its twelfth flight trial, the 10-metre tall Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) lifted off from a pontoon, rose to an altitude of 20 km and reached a distance of about 700 km as it splashed down in the waters of the Bay of Bengal near the pre-designated target point.

According to scientific advisor to the Defence Minister V.K. Saraswat, the missile was tested for its full range of 700 km and the mission met all its objectives. He said the impact accuracy of the medium range strategic missile was in single digit.

With the completion of developmental trials, the process of integrating K-15 missile with INS Arihant, the indigenously-built nuclear submarine, will begin soon. As many as 12 nuclear-tipped missiles, each weighing six tonnes will be integrated with Arihant, which will be powered by an 80 MWt (thermal) reactor that uses enriched uranium as fuel and light water as coolant and moderator.

India is only the fifth country to have such a missile -- the other four are the United States, Russia, France and China.

Meanwhile the reactor has been integrated with the submarine and it was expected to go critical in May/ June 2013. Once that was done, the harbour trials will begin.

Besides Arihant, three other nuclear-powered submarines were being constructed -- one at Visakhapatnam and two at Vadodara. India is also developing K-4 missile with a range of 3,000 km.
Great news.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Sagar G »

krishnan wrote:nuclear-powder submarine is sure is very comples tech...i am sure even US doesnt have such tech
Sorry to disappoint you but they do have Nuclear Powder tech, shiver......
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Ankit Desai »

SSridhar wrote:India Successfully Test Fires Underwater Missile - TSS & Y.Mallikarjun, The Hindu
........
Besides Arihant, three other nuclear-powered submarines were being constructed -- one at Visakhapatnam and two at Vadodara. India is also developing K-4 missile with a range of 3,000 km.
Great news.
Vadodara doesn't have ship/submarine building facility !
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Christopher Sidor »

^^^
He must be referring to the L&T divisions headquarters. L&T has two main offices. Majority of its offices are in Bombay. But a few of the offices are in Vadodara.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Ankit Desai »

If he wants to refer L&T than better say Surat. L&T has built Arihant's haul at its' facility at Hajira (10/15 km from Surat).

-Ankit
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by K Mehta »

Ankit bhai, they are not making subs in L&T but rather sections of subs, these would be assembled in vizag. If TSS in Hindu says it is more often right than not. He doesnt make mistakes!
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Ankit Desai »

Mehta Sir that what I said
Ankit Desai wrote:....Arihant's haul at its' facility at Hajira....
. I didn't say whole sub construction at Hajira. :) .

I was puzzled by mentioned of Vadodara as it has nothing to do with sea or navy. It is interesting if Vadodara has such facility but sea is far from it while Surat has history and presence of L&T & Essar steel and their contribution toward Arihant.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Avarachan »

Cross-post from LCA thread.
Austin wrote:
vina wrote:I have always maintained this. The Navy puts a home built nuke submarine with home built sonar, cutting edge nuclear tip submarine launched missiles and torpedoes and decoys , stuff which is simply not available for love or money, in the water.
Sorry to divert from the topic but thats just an airy fairy tale.

There is nothing like a home built nuke submarine , IN has not built even a conventional submarine till date forget a nuke submarine.

The entire Arihant submarine project is just a Russian designed submarine with Russian Nuke reactor inside it confirmed by no less than Adm Prakash. Even the Russian amb mentioned that Arihant submarine will have acoustic quitening of Akula class submarine ( Russian Typhoon class SSBN )

The truly indiginous thing inside the submarine which was designed and developed by Indian R&D are its Sonar and SLBM. Many components were procured from indian industry but it was built to specification from Rubin that designed Arihant class. The entire command control system inside it comes from Russia .......its really a project of strategic nature that no one will ever talk in depth.
Austin, I agree with your general point, but calling the Arihant project "just a Russian designed submarine" is going too far, I think. I do not study naval issues, but there are things about the Arihant which strike me as being very Indian: the flexibility of it, for instance. It was probably an Indian which came up with the idea of it being a hybrid between a boomer sub and a hunter-killer. (Thanks to Vina for pointing that out in an earlier post.)

However, I agree with your general point: there is no way that the Arihant would be as advanced as it is without *significant* Russian help. For all of the people getting upset about Indian funding of Russian projects, keep in mind that Russia has provided significant technical assistance to India over the years, when no one else would. Indians and Russians should both be mature about the relationship, and analyze its good and bad aspects in a calm, clear way.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by A Sharma »

^^
I'd like to thank our Russian colleagues: Anil Kakodkar
In the interview Anil Kakodkar says the reactor is designed,build in India. Russian were used as consultants. Is he not telling the truth then?

Nuclear arm
Asked whether the Russians helped in designing and building the PWR, Kakodkar, Banerjee and Basu were emphatic that BARC developed it on its own. Banerjee said: “The Russians were consultants. The consultancy was done for the whole submarine, not for the power part alone.” Basu asserted, “Everything is totally indigenous [in this PWR]…. We developed it. It is our own reactor. We did not take it from anybody else.”

M.R. Srinivasan, former AEC Chairman, was also emphatic that the DAE developed the reactor on its own. While building the reactor “was always a part of the DAE’s activity”, the Navy’s role was to design and build the submarine, he said. So it was a joint DAE-Navy project. Srinivasan said, “The naval personnel had some assistance from Russia in designing the submarine, but the reactor is a totally Indian effort. The reactor, its components including the pressure vessels, and its fuel were made in India by Indian industry.”
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by D Roy »

the reactor is indigenous.

And it has given BARC the confidence to develop 700 MWe pressurized water reactors which will be unveiled later in this decade.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Austin »

Arihant reactor is of Russian origin was confirmed by Arun Prakash in his article Return of Chakra to quote him
"It is, therefore, vital that even as the ATVP pursues its pre-ordained building programme for Arihant follow-ons, the government initiates a parallel indigenous nuclear submarine project in mission-mode. The first hurdle will be the design and manufacture of a pressurised water reactor (PWR), along with the low/medium enriched uranium rods required to fuel it. In 2005, the Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) had estimated that the ‘ab-initio’ development of a nuclear propulsion plant could take anything up to 12-15 years. The Arihant’s nuclear reactor, awaiting criticality, is of early Soviet era design, and delivers only 90 MW of power, which will limit the boat’s speed as well as endurance. The Chakra has a reactor of more advanced design which delivers 190 MW and invests the boat with higher performance. The indigenous BARC design should aim for around 200 MW output"
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by SagarAg »

I think if scientists shout from roof top that reactor is indigenous some people will still look at it with disbelief. :roll:
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Austin »

Avarachan wrote:Austin, I agree with your general point, but calling the Arihant project "just a Russian designed submarine" is going too far, I think. I do not study naval issues, but there are things about the Arihant which strike me as being very Indian: the flexibility of it, for instance. It was probably an Indian which came up with the idea of it being a hybrid between a boomer sub and a hunter-killer.
A boomer and hunter killer role are exclusive , Arhinant is designed as a boomer and it will remain so providing guranteed 2nd strike retaliation , all talk of boomer being a hunter or vice verse are just airy fairy talks not confirimg to the reality of what it is designed for.
D Roy
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by D Roy »

the reactor is an indigenous design and has indigenous innovation in it as confirmed multiple times by DAE.

it may be similar in vintage to older generation soviet designs.
All PWRs are at some level quite similar to each other. But that doesn't make them copies of each other.

And I don't think anybody expected DAE to come up with an S9G at one go.

The reactor is *indigenous*.

And that is my last post on this issue.
Last edited by D Roy on 10 Feb 2013 11:14, edited 1 time in total.
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