Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

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Indranil
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Indranil »

vivek_ahuja wrote:
indranilroy wrote:I wonder and somewhat admire this DRDOs choli-daman way of divulging secrets. It NEVER officially accepted the K-4 missile. But now it gives out information which a lay-man can put together to understand that the K-4 missile is soon going to be tested, if not deployed.

The same goes for Nirbhay.
If they are intentional, the GOI certainly likes to insult the intelligence of the people outside by acting overly sly. Either way, they come of looking stupid IMO.

<SNIP>

So what the HELL are they hiding and why?

Agh! I get so frustrated by their antics these days. Sheesh. :evil:
I think you are giving them less credit than they deserve. Why would they care about the thousand-odd defense jingos in India. I don't think they are hiding or revealing anything to us jingos.

IMO, the intended audience of this leak are strategist from other countries. It allows some countries to overlook such developments and some other countries to be warned against any misadventure. And I am pretty sure all those countries have taken notes.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by member_23370 »

http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/defe ... lkata.html

The pic clearly shows the pinaka-II is just an improvement of the existing Pinaka to improve the range to 60 km without increasing the diameter though the length has increased by 25 cm.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by NRao »

Me think A-5 is a 13k unit.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by member_20067 »

Bheeshma wrote:http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/defe ... lkata.html

The pic clearly shows the pinaka-II is just an improvement of the existing Pinaka to improve the range to 60 km without increasing the diameter though the length has increased by 25 cm.
depressing bit of news from that link... on top that LGB series of pics? did it even hit the target?
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by ramana »

James B wrote:Agni Missiles: More than what meets the eye?
Agni missiles, Agni-III and Agni-V are quite possibly full-fledged ICBMs masquerading as IRBMs.
http://defenceforumindia.com/agni-missi ... e-eye-1496
See all this is paper ranges which ignores the credibility requirements. Indian payload is heavy and cant be lessened with out further testing.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Singha »

Looking at angle of sudarshan approaching the target, it would not miss unless that pic were doctored. I think they might have used a radio proximity fuse to explode a small charge surrounded by bags of maida to get that whiteout effect.
Butter naan.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by shiv »

Singha wrote:Looking at angle of sudarshan approaching the target, it would not miss unless that pic were doctored. I think they might have used a radio proximity fuse to explode a small charge surrounded by bags of maida to get that whiteout effect.
Butter naan.
In any case that is a 500 kg bomb - enough to destroy half a city block. That explosion is just a token for the camera, a practice bomb. It would not be an advantage to be anywhere within 100 meters of a 500 kg/1000 pound bomb explosion.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by negi »

Agni missiles, Agni-III and Agni-V are quite possibly full-fledged ICBMs masquerading as IRBMs.
I have heard this too but sorry me being me I don't take anything at face value; unless there is any data apart from usual hopeful thoughts on the lines of injuns are like this onlee we short sell our capabilities I am only going by what published data in open states.

Once you start doing such dramabazi one can even claim S-1 is a Gigatonne device masquerading as kT device onlee; arrey thoda to consistency rakho. :roll:
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Singha »

hopefully we will see sudarshan delivered live in the upcoming IAF firepower demo late Jan around 26th.

in 2010 vayu shakti there was live coverage by one channel (times now?) incl uav footage of the flying a/c from a higher perch. hope its bettered this time.

we have enough useful techs now like sudarshan, prahaar, shourya, pinaka2, arjun2 to make life difficult for anyone..what matters now is funds , QC and production capacity to build mass.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by rajanb »

I don't care if the powers that be don't share the correct specs with us. As long as they are consistently better, more powerful and devastating than what we get to know about.

if we dhothi shiver because of lower specs, then we should be happy that the silk pajamas and the browned shalwars will be shivering even more wondering what we are hiding! :twisted:
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by member_20292 »

Bheeshma wrote:People like Arun_S have been alluding to this for a while but I see no reason to draw attention to it. 5500-6000 km pretty much covers India's current needs.
exactly ! shhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhig
:D

Yes people. Speak softly, allude to a big stick, carry a big stick and wield it when necessary.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by member_20067 »

Tenders for new medium range anti Ship missiles for Indian Navy...

http://tenders.gov.in/viewtenddoc.asp?t ... no=1&td=TD

the RFP looks surprisingly simple in terms of its layout and text.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Singha »

choti muh bari baat sarkar but maybe uran is on way out and MM39/harpoon on its way in?

the earliest batches of urans must be nearing 15 yrs old now...
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by SSridhar »

Soaring High - FRONTLINE
Imagine a 50-tonne missile, encased in a 20-metre-long canister, being propelled into the air by a gas generator in a matter of 1.5 seconds. And imagine how much propulsion power the gas generator should pack within it, and how complex the entire operation must be when the missile is fired from a truck big and strong enough to absorb the shock of the blast-off.

That is exactly what the Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL), the Defence Research and Development Organisation’s (DRDO) missile-making laboratory in Hyderabad, will achieve this year when the Agni-V missile will bolt out of a canister mounted on a Tatra truck from Wheeler Island, off the Odisha coast, traverse more than 5,000 kilometres across the sky, and then splash into the Indian Ocean.

The ASL, founded on September 28, 2001, is the “baby” in the DRDO’s vast missile complex in Hyderabad. The other two DRDO laboratories here are the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) and the Research Centre Imarat.

India’s Agni series of missiles, all of which can carry nuclear warheads, are products of the ASL.

Heading the ASL is V.G. Sekaran, one of the architects of Agni-V, which had its successful maiden launch on April 19, 2012. The 17.5-metre-long, three-stage Agni-V, weighing 50 tonnes, lifted off from a rail-mobile launcher on Wheeler Island, made a 20-minute flight during which its three stages ignited and jettisoned on time, its warhead carrying explosives erupted into a fireball, and then it dived into the waters of the Indian Ocean between Australia and Madagascar. The missile was not encased in a canister.

But in the first half of 2013, perhaps in June, Agni-V will soar into the sky from a canister mounted on a launch platform integrated with a truck, which is called a road-mobile launcher. A gas generator placed at the bottom of the canister will erupt into life and push the missile out of the tube. After the missile comes out of the tube, its ignition will take place in the air. In firing such an intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM) from a canister, a complex technology comes into play. In missile parlance, a canisterised launch is called a “cold launch”.

“We are vigorously working on the canisterised launch,” ASL Director Sekaran said. It is a very involved job in terms of the number of sub-systems that will be employed. The canister will be the biggest made in the country. The ASL has done specialised work in the design and engineering of the canister and the gas generator. It involves aerospace mechanism, too.

Although India’s supersonic cruise missiles BrahMos and hypersonic surface-to-surface missile Shourya are canisterised missiles and the DRDO had testfired them many times, this is the first time it will be firing a missile of the 50-tonne class from a tube. Besides, the missile is 17.5 metres long. While BrahMos weighs only three tonnes and is only nine metres long, Shourya weighs about six tonnes and is 10 m long . So the ASL will perform numerous qualification tests before Agni-V is put inside the canister. Insertion tests will be done. Instead of the real missile, an equivalent will be put inside the tube and a battery of tests done. The work towards this has been going on for the past six months. It will be done in two modes: proving the canister and the missile separately. Then the two will be put together and the final flight trials from the canister will be done. Finally, the DRDO will go in for the missile’s deliverable version.

Dr V.G. Sekaran, ASL Director . "It is important not only to make the missile, but to make it able to survive."

“We will ensure that all the systems work perfectly before we put the actual missile inside the tube,” said the ASL Director. “We are on the job now. It is in a fairly advanced stage of demonstration. Then we will put the actual missile inside the canister and do a trial launch.”

Although the principles for pushing Agni-V out from a canister are the same as for BrahMos and Shourya, which have been testfired from canisters many times, its engineering becomes very difficult, because of the canister’s size and the missile’s heavy nozzles, said Sekaran. Besides, there is no market for such canisters and not everybody can produce it.

All the Agni missiles, including Agni-III, IV and V, will be road-mobile. That is, they will be launched from trucks because a road-mobile system affords flexible deployment. It can be fired after parking the truck on a highway. It can also be camouflaged. From now on, all missile systems of India will be road-mobile because the DRDO found out in the last 10 years that rail-mobile systems were complex to operate.

The ASL’s mandate was to develop carbon composites and large-sized rocket motors. It achieved a breakthrough in building rocket motor casings made of composites for Agni-IV which led to weight reduction of the rocket stages, ensuring a longer range for the missile. These carbon-composites are used to cover a part of India’s light combat aircraft Tejas, and brake discs in fighter aircraft; they also go into the making of light-weight callipers for polio-affected children ( Frontline, October 7, 2005). Many of the technologies developed by the ASL for Agni-IV were fed into Agni-V.

The laboratory did seminal work when it developed a carbon-carbon composite for Agni missiles’ heat-shields. Agni missiles’ re-entry vehicles (REV) have their electronics and nuclear warhead inside. The REVs are protected by heat-shields. When an REV re-enters the earth’s atmosphere, its carbon-composite tiles should withstand the heat generated, about 5,000° Celsius. Also, the temperature inside the REV should not be more than 50° C so as not to damage the electronic equipment, which is the vehicle’s brain.

Besides Agni-V’s canisterised launch, the ASL is currently working on using decoy systems in India’s strategic missiles such as the Agni variants, which are all ballistic missiles. These decoys will be required to confuse the enemy’s anti-ballistic missile system. “It is important not only to make the missile, but to make it able to survive,” Sekaran said. “If you were to fire a strategic missile and the enemy has an anti-ballistic missile system to engage your missile, how do you overcome the hurdle and deliver your warhead?” he asked. So the ASL is working on the “theory of decoys”, which means India’s strategic missiles will be able to confuse the enemy’s radar systems, penetrate its air defence system and deliver the warhead. “We are working on this vigorously as an extension of the overall systems’ deployment to ensure that the missile survives in its journey,” said Sekaran.

On the technology front, the ASL is working on more advanced, bigger and modified rocket casings, which would be light and thereby reduce the mass of the system. This will ensure a longer range for the missile—that is, it can travel longer distances. If the mass of the rocket motor stage is reduced, its weight comes down. ASL scientists are working on a new set of composite materials to achieve a big mass fraction in rocket casings.

In the ASL, there are small groups working on designing and engineering radomes which may not be required for the Agni class of missiles but for tactical missiles. A radome normally sits in a missile’s front cone, which houses the warhead. The front cone has a terminal guidance system called the seeker. The seeker’s job is to emit electromagnetic waves, map the target and control the missile. So the front cone should be able to transmit the electromagnetic waves. This front cone, which transmits radio frequency waves, is called a radome. Normal materials such as metals will not be able to transmit the electromagnetic waves. Special materials such as composites and ceramics are needed to enable the electromagnetic waves to go out. The ASL has already made big radomes for Tejas and these have been flight-tested successfully.

Since nanotechnology goes into advanced composite structures, an ASL team is working on nanotube technology to put carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the composites to increase the latter’s strength. The ASL has done some studies on mixing the CNTs with resin and making a composite which has a tougher structure and better properties compared to the composites where the CNTs are not inserted. “We have done studies and we got good results,” said Sekaran.

On its website, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) says the Union government had in May 2007 approved the launch of a mission on nanoscience and technology, called Nano Mission, with an allocation of Rs.1,000 crores for five years. According to the website, the Nano Mission will strive for the development of products and processes in safe drinking water, materials development, sensors’ development, precise drug delivery, and so on.

Miniaturised systems with several integration functions will become a key technology in future and the ASL is working in that area. For instance, a mobile phone of today has many integrated functions, including texting messages, receiving email, listening to music, and playing games. “Similar concepts can be applied to our missile systems,” said Sekaran.

There are two levels of work involved in this: making miniaturised systems and integrating various functions in the system. “Today, you can have four systems in a single unit and they will do different jobs. In the long run, in the automobile and aerospace industries, you will find that systems integration has become the key word,” he said. A single small unit in a missile system should have propulsion power, be able to receive telemetry signals and so on. So the volume, the mass and the complexity of wiring will come down. It will have more testability and reliability.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by sum »

From now on, all missile systems of India will be road-mobile because the DRDO found out in the last 10 years that rail-mobile systems were complex to operate.
Hmmmm.....end of the rail mobile era for Desh?
Isnt that also required( with road mobile) since we need to have a robust 2nd strike capability?

Also, the article maintains complete silence on the MIRV side. Wasnt that supposed to be the priority # 1 as per ASL statements after the A-V was first launched last year?
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by arun »

Prithwiraj wrote:Tenders for new medium range anti Ship missiles for Indian Navy...

http://tenders.gov.in/viewtenddoc.asp?t ... no=1&td=TD

the RFP looks surprisingly simple in terms of its layout and text.
Going by the specs provided in the tender such as overall weight, warhead weight, range, seeker technology etc., does anyone have any guesses on the likely contenders ?

Kh-35 Uran?
Harpoon Block II?
Exocet MM40 Block 3?
Kongsberg NSM?
IAI / MBT Advanced Naval Attack Missile?
None of them?
Something else entirely?

Which platform will these missiles go on? P-15B's?
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Singha »

probably it will replace the urans which are getting old. maybe they have a shelf life ....

harpoon looks the most well funded and complete (if we get the best version)

MM40 is also a possibility with its 200km range.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by D Roy »

Gabriel V is a possibility.

this missile brings new littoral attack capabilities to the table.

and MF-STAR can be used for vectoring it.

our dialogue with the israelis on naval offensive and defensive systems is pretty close.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by tsarkar »

arun wrote:Going by the specs provided in the tender such as overall weight, warhead weight, range, seeker technology etc., does anyone have any guesses on the likely contenders? Which platform will these missiles go on? P-15B's?
The clue to above questions is
5. Weight of Missile Not exceeding 1000 kg
Any ship equal or above 3000 tonnes can carry BrahMos or Klub. However, ships lower than this displacement will need a lighter missile.

P-15A & B are overkill for Pakistan. That is why only 3000-4000 tonne class ships are deployed with WNC (6 x Type 16/A & 5 x Type 1135.6 1 x Type 12M). All heavier ships (with greater range/endurance) are with ENC (5 x Type 61M, 3 x Type 15, 3 x Type 17).

I believe new corvette & FAC classes are planned to complement Kukhri/Kora/Veer classes and this missile be a part of those classes. Dealing with Pakistan requires 2500 tonne class ships while protecting easten seaboard requires 7000 tonne class ships.

We've only 4 Kukhri & 4 Kora class ships when atleast 12 are required.

Added later - just realized the P-15 missiles on 4 x Kukhri & 10 x Veer require replacement. These ships have insufficient deck penetration for BrahMos & cannisters will make them top heavy affecting seaworthiness.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Prem Kumar »

The > Mach 0.9 spec disqualifies Harpoon
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Shrinivasan »

D Roy wrote:Gabriel V is a possibility.

this missile brings new littoral attack capabilities to the table..
My money is on a desi missile... utmost a JV with Yehudis...
This would probably be the missile which would be arming our OPVs and Corvettes of the future... the bigger Frigates, destroyers and Cruisers ( I can dream right) would all sport Brahmos, Nirbhay and their siblings...
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Shrinivasan »

SSridhar wrote:Soaring High - FRONTLINE
Amazing article... many nuggets of information if we read the article carefully... one can deduce more if reading between the lines...

some things stand out...
1) DRDOs confidence in A-V should be really high to try Cannisterized launch so early in the testing cycle.
2) Weight reduction / optimization should have been accomplished, hence the move to launch from a road-mobile launcher. I don't even remember A-I or A-II being launched from a PURE ROAD mobile launcher till date... would be happy to see pictures if they have been.

more on this later in the day...
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by titash »

tsarkar wrote: Added later - just realized the P-15 missiles on 4 x Kukhri & 10 x Veer require replacement. These ships have insufficient deck penetration for BrahMos & cannisters will make them top heavy affecting seaworthiness.
tsarkarji, there are at least 2 Veer class that carry SS-N-25. Why go in for a new missile at all, instead of ordering additional rounds, and the same sensor suite?

Thanks,
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by titash »

tsarkar wrote: Added later - just realized the P-15 missiles on 4 x Kukhri & 10 x Veer require replacement. These ships have insufficient deck penetration for BrahMos & cannisters will make them top heavy affecting seaworthiness.
tsarkarji, there are at least 2 Veer class that carry SS-N-25. Why go in for a new missile at all, instead of ordering additional rounds, and the same sensor suite?

Thanks,
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Shrinivasan »

tsarkar wrote:P-15A & B are overkill for Pakistan. That is why only 3000-4000 tonne class ships are deployed with WNC (6 x Type 16/A & 5 x Type 1135.6 1 x Type 12M). All heavier ships (with greater range/endurance) are with ENC (5 x Type 61M, 3 x Type 15, 3 x Type 17)...
Interesting observation, I didn't realize all 3 Delhi class have been transferred to ENC, couple were inducted in WNC.
If I understood it clearly..
Type 16/A - Rajput class
Type 1135.6 - Talwar Class
Type 15 - Delhi class
Type 17 - Shivalik class

What is Type 61M? Kilo class Subs?

What does this leave Southern Naval Command or the ANC with?
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by bharath_a »

Type 16/A - Rajput class Brahmaputra class
Type 1135.6 - Talwar Class
Type 15 - Delhi class
Type 17 - Shivalik class

What is Type 61M? Kilo class Subs? --- modified kashin class (rajput)
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Singha »

A1 could use the clamshell type protective system cheen uses on its df15 missiles. Relatively cheap for road telars.

A2 and a3 will likely remain on rail and never see cansister launches.

A5 will be road and cansister from day1
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by tsarkar »

titash wrote:tsarkarji, there are at least 2 Veer class that carry SS-N-25. Why go in for a new missile at all, instead of ordering additional rounds, and the same sensor suite?Thanks,
A fresh selection process gives one access to evaluate new technology. Also forces incumbent vendor to keep prices competitive. After the Hawk AJT was selected for 24+42, BAe played hanky panky. So a fresh tender was called for (51?) more AJTs, that incidentally Hawk won minus any hanky panky.
Shrinivasan wrote:What does this leave Southern Naval Command or the ANC with?
SNC has training ships & establishments + some survey & WJFAC. Any larger threat has to pass WNC. ANC has amphibious & patrol ships. Any larger threat has to pass ENC.

Ships are moved between commands.
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Re: BrahMos

Post by SSridhar »

India test-fires a manoeuverable version of BrahMos - The Hindu
India on Wednesday successfully test-fired a highly manoeuvrable version of the 290-km range supersonic cruise missile BrahMos from a naval warship off the coast of Vishakhapatnam in Bay of Bengal.

“At 9.30 am, the missile blasted off in a pre-designated war scenario taking a ‘double— manoeuvre in S-form’ hitting the designated target ship just one meter above water line. The sheer velocity and power of hit made the missile rip through the ship’s hull,” BrahMos Aerospace CEO A. Sivathanu Pillai said here.

This is the 34th launch of BrahMos after the successful October launch from INS Teg in the Arabian Sea.

The BrahMos missile system was inducted into the Indian Navy in 2005 when it began arming the Rajput-class guided missile destroyers and inducted subsequently in many warships.

BrahMos is capable of acquiring data not only from the American GPS but also from Russian GLONASS satellite systems also, which ensures double redundancy.

In the last stage, the seeker takes over and the target is located with accuracy of few meters which ensures no chances of survival for the target.

“This has been proved once again today and with bulls eye accuracy,” officials said.

Defence Minister A.K. Antony congratulated the warship commander and Indian Navy and BrahMos team for the demonstration of capabilities, they said.
It used to be 10m, then 5m and now 1m.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by geeth »

That 1 M is above waterline..not accuracy
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by SSridhar »

geeth, yes I know. I too was referring to the missile's ability to strike so low.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Austin »

Likely post S-manouver during terminal phase the missile drops to 1 m above waterline and goes in straight at the hull. Thats very low for any CIWS/GUNS to defend against.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by abhik »

^^^
It may have hit at 1m above the waterline, but I don't think it actually flies in at that level. At 1m alt it can easily crash into a wave before hitting the target. 5-10m is altitude is probably the least required margin.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Kersi D »

titash wrote:
tsarkar wrote: Added later - just realized the P-15 missiles on 4 x Kukhri & 10 x Veer require replacement. These ships have insufficient deck penetration for BrahMos & cannisters will make them top heavy affecting seaworthiness.
tsarkarji, there are at least 2 Veer class that carry SS-N-25. Why go in for a new missile at all, instead of ordering additional rounds, and the same sensor suite?

Thanks,
I think the last four INS Kora, INS Kulish etc carry SS N 25 i.e. Urans
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Kersi D »

abhik wrote:^^^
It may have hit at 1m above the waterline, but I don't think it actually flies in at that level. At 1m alt it can easily crash into a wave before hitting the target. 5-10m is altitude is probably the least required margin.
Me think alike. I have not yet heard of any sea skimmer homing at 1m altitude. Or can it mean 1 m above the worst expected wave height.

K
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by tsarkar »

@ Austin - the above report confims what I earlier told you of GLONASS receivers using both GPS & GLONASS.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Kersi D »

Singha wrote:choti muh bari baat sarkar but maybe uran is on way out and MM39/harpoon on its way in?

the earliest batches of urans must be nearing 15 yrs old now...

Urans ???


What about the P 15 Styx missiles ? We still have plenty of vessels with them.

I think IN should standardise.

We have too many types of anti ship missiles

SS-N-2 A/B/C P 15. The original anti-ship missiles
SS-N-25. The Delhi class destroyers, Kora class corvettes
SS-N-27 The Klubs. The first three Krivak class frigates, the first three Shivalik class frigates, Kilo class submarines
Exocet. On the Scorpene class submarines
Harpoon. For the maritime strike Jaguar
Sea Eagle. For Sea Harriers and Sea Kings

I doubt if even Russia has so many different missiles !!
Austin
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Posts: 23387
Joined: 23 Jul 2000 11:31

Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by Austin »

tsarkar wrote:@ Austin - the above report confims what I earlier told you of GLONASS receivers using both GPS & GLONASS.
tsarkar-ji unless something has changed between the time Dr Pillai mentioned explicitly that Brahmos does not use American GPS signal when the issue of Land Attack variation of Brahmos drifting couple of Km from target during one of the test and it was attributed to US shutting of GPS as wrongly alleged by media then , its possible that currently Brahmos could be using dual signal from US GPS and Russian GLONASS the former in civil signal and latter in Mil Grade one.

Though i feel for the short distance and the time taken to cover it Brahmos would be as accurate without GPS signals based on INS and ARH , GPS/GLONASS in all likely hood is good to have but not necessary to have for Brahmos.

GPS/GLONASS would be good for cruise missile like Nirbhai that travels longer distance and is slower needs more then INS for course update/correction
ramana
Forum Moderator
Posts: 59773
Joined: 01 Jan 1970 05:30

Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion

Post by ramana »

Closed at 110 pages.


Please start a new thread.

Thanks, ramana
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