Bharat Rakshak

During WW2, German U Boats set up ambush zones in the Atlantic guided by HQ. However, they simply didn’t have the endurance to chase convoys

Once the U Boats were out in the Atlantic, esp out of the range of shore based aircraft, int he "no coverage" zone that existed for the bulk of the war, the U-Boats ran on the surface , could outrun the convoys, regroup and re attack using wolf pack tactics. It is when the final closure of the mid atlantic gap with carrier borne aircraft that the U-Boats were driven underwater fully and the U boat campaign became unviable .

As these were slow convoys, composed of ships making 8 knots or less, they were correspondingly more vulnerable, and witnessed a disproportionate number of attacks.

Ranged against them were 25 U-boats in three patrol lines, which had been organized by U-boat Command BdU on 15 May. This was in response to intelligence from B-Dienst which reported a westbound convoy (ONS 7) and two eastbound (HX 238 and SC 130) approaching the Air Gap. One group, Iller, of six newly arrived boats was just arriving, while two other groups, Donau I and Donau II, were formed from boats already on station, plus reinforcements.

On the night of 18th/19th five boats made a concerted attack...Meanwhile, the arrival of Convoy HX-79 in the vicinity had diverted the U-boats and they went on to sink 12 ships from HX-79 that night.

The success of convoys as an anti-submarine tactic during the world wars can be ascribed to several reasons related to u-boat capabilities, the size of the ocean and convoy escorts. In practice, Type VII and Type IX U-boats were limited in their capabilities. Submerged speed and endurance was limited and not suited for overhauling many ships. Even a surfaced U-boat could take several hours to gain an attack position. Torpedo capacity was also restricted to around fourteen (Type VII) or 24 (Type IX), thus limiting the number of attacks that could be made, particularly when multiple firings were necessary for a single target. There was a real problem for the U-boats and their adversaries in finding each other; with a tiny proportion of the ocean in sight, without intelligence or radar, warships and even aircraft would be fortunate in coming across a submarine. The Royal Navy and later the United States Navy each took time to learn this lesson. Conversely, a U-boat's radius of vision was even smaller and had to be supplemented by regular long-range reconnaissance flights.

The US Navy is set to start operational testing of the Boeing P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft this summer.

"What we're looking forward to this year, really, is our initial operational test and evaluation of the programme," says Capt Aaron Rondeau, the USN's Poseidon programme manager.

Those formal operational tests will start this summer and should take about six months, but could run through to the end of the year. There have already been some operational evaluation activities that have been completed, thanks to the integration of the developmental and operational test teams. Should that all go according to plan, the P-8 will be declared operational in the third quarter of 2013.

The Increment 1 capability on the P-8 will be an improved version of what is on the USN's upgraded Lockheed Martin P-3 Orion, which the Poseidon will replace. However, there are a host of improvements that are planed for the new Boeing 737-based jet.

The first major upgrade will be Increment 2, but that effort has been split into two parts, says Boeing's P-8 business development director David Robinson. The incremental upgrade is being developed with Australian participation.

The first part of that effort is to equip the aircraft with a new Multi-static Active Coherent (MAC) system, which has been accelerated to be fielded in fiscal year 2014. That will enable the fast, high-flying aircraft to search for enemy submarines over a much larger area with a network of active and passive sonar buoys.

"The major focus is on the anti-submarine warfare," Robinson says. "MAC is a major portion of Increment 2."

The other part of the Increment 2 upgrade includes the Automatic Identification System, which would allow the P-8 to read ships' transponders, plus a new computer architecture to rapidly add new capabilities, a new tactical operations centre (TOC), and a high-altitude anti-submarine warfare (ASW) system.

The high-altitude ASW system, which is a collection of sonar buoys, would enable the P-8 to take a closer look at "areas of interest" generated by the MAC, Robinson says. "You'd be able do both [MAC and high-altitude ASW] at the same time," he says.

The TOC would allow a Northrop Grumman MQ-4 Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) unmanned air system aircraft to coordinate seamlessly with the P-8, and would allow the Poseidon to better manage its various ASW activities and sensors. Those capabilities should become operational around FY2015.

A follow-on Increment 3 capability has not yet been fully defined, but will include the ability to have some level of control of the BAMS aircraft, Rondeau says. It would also have further architecture improvements to allow for roll-on/roll-off capabilities that might enable the jet to take over certain intelligence-gathering missions currently assigned to the USN's Lockheed EP-3 Aries, he adds. It would also have a new high-altitude ASW weapon and a new "digital, net-ready" anti-surface ship weapon that would improve upon on the existing Harpoon missile.

It might also incorporate J-series inertially-guided satellite-correct weapons and the advanced airborne sensor littoral surveillance radar.

The Supreme Court on Monday refused to stay a Bombay high court order permitting a Cyprus merchant vessel MW Nordlake, which allegedly rammed into and sank a Rs 1,058-crore Indian Navy Ship, to leave Indian shores after furnishing a bank guarantee of Rs 46.87 crore.

The Nilgiri class frigate, INS Vindhyagiri, was hit by the container-laden Cyprus flag flying MV Nordlake near Sunk Rock Lighthouse off Mumbai causing severe damage to the warship's structural integrity leading to its total loss.

Jaising protested against the negligence charge and explained that the date of incident happened to be the Navy Day when all naval ships comprising officers and their families were out in the sea for a "parade".

Commissioned on July 8, 1981, into the Navy, INS Vindhyagiri was primarily used for anti-submarine operations, ocean patrol and naval gunfire support. The Union government accused MV Nordlake of "recklessly altering its course" to collide with the warship.

The government had filed an admiralty suit against the ship MV Nordlake and its owner MS Nordlake, a company incorporated in Germany, in the Bombay HC and raised a claim for Rs 1058.54 crore.

well, what is there to justify if the project is in general a curve, I'm on this project six years in the hydraulics involved in PKB, give concrete examples of its parts, PTG30 / 2 (podemnik trossovy hydraulically) a large aircraft podemnik located in the middle of the deck, a series of airplane delivery on poletku than 5 minutes, only to rise or descent of the platform's documentation is more than 2 minutes, and even towing and unfastening of the aircraft, near the lift up to 30 tons will be one of the starting positions, working with them can be said at once puts an end to the takeoff and landing ( this heritage Gorshkov from him not to leave). In the place of contact with aircraft landing deck, great location arms cellar with a lift lid and poletke, and why it was doing this to me as a cellar is not very clear, it is very small, judging by the number of racks, climbs back up poltyschi shells but a dozen bombs. At the time when I had left Hull consumers of hydraulic potential in an emergency situation were not able to manual control (which is the valve protivozharnoy, heeling, diferentnoy, bilge, fuel, in general almost all spacecraft systems with the exception of special systems GEMs), simply because the designer of the ship utsanovil bypass spool valves backwards, I told them 2 months of angry letters he wrote about it a potentially dangerous situation, but they are probably smarter, left as is. Brake wire ropes on the project by the way, only 3 and not 4 as Kuznetsov, due to the fact that the hydraulic brake car is not acidic, and the fourth to push the size of nowhere, an Indian sweet flyers will not be in this regard. Does the ship have to anchor the device, I just do not know, and the most funny that it works just do not even know the designer of the ship, and the iron came from the northeast at 70% otlichlos of drawings, we certainly blinded the working scheme of the fact that it was in the factory but how it will work there Dunno, a similar situation with the SPU boats. Small pile of idiocy out there, such as a block gidroraspredliteley in the same room, and allows the distributor to translate this unit is powered by a backup pump station in another nafigaaaaaaa? I certainly do not remember everything now, but this ship is one big fun, like a lot of different things, but these little things add up to a total ass, mainly the fault of the designer and the factory in Nikolaev (only factory in Nikolaev may, at one and the is drawing to collect three different tanks). In short we do not need this. Indians for the first time come for training, but we no longer need, we already have one of these. Edited at 6:33 pm 4.26.2012 (UTC)

The Indian Navy commissions the first of its follow-on Talwar-class (modified Krivak-II) stealth frigates Teg today at Yantar shipyard in St Petersburg. The Commissioning CO is Capt Rakesh Kumar Dahiya. Shano Varuna.

1 x 100 m main gun
8 x VL Brahmos with range out to ~300 Km
1 x 3S-90 arm launcher SA-N-12 SAMs stored in rotary cassette below deck with range out ~30 km
2 x Kashtan CIWS systems, each with 2 x 30 mm gatling guns and 4 SA-N-11 SAMs (also with reloads below deck)
8 x Igla-1E for manual air defence
1 x RBU-6000 rocket launcher
4 x 533mm torpedo tubes

Sirji, I have only one question - is it a frigate or destroyer

Sirji, I have only one question - is it a frigate or destroyer

Sirji, I have only one question - is it a frigate or destroyer

If you ask me it is about 25 years behind the Agies ships. in terms of serious firepower.

Comment on INS vik. Project and its mere situation (May be some years prior) by a worker. After seeing all these current facts and design issues (Quoted), it was a real challenge for the manufacturer and its refitting, to get it under the shoe of IN. Just take a look...

Phirgate.

can you give me a link to the Russian vesrion of the text? thanks!

Few more pics of Vikramaditya from Oleg Kuleshov
http://kuleshovoleg.livejournal.com/45828.html

Frigate that is seriously out classed by more modern UNKIL degines. EG no Univeral VLS, nor a collection of PARs.

If you ask me it is about 25 years behind the Agies ships. in terms of serious firepower.

Having said so, she is more powerful then any thing the TSP or the PRC can throw at her. So it is a good news.

However I am seriously awaiting the P 15b. ships. They will be game changers as far as IN is concerned.

Frigate that is seriously out classed by more modern UNKIL degines. EG no Univeral VLS, nor a collection of PARs.

If you ask me it is about 25 years behind the Agies ships. in terms of serious firepower.

However I am seriously awaiting the P 15b. ships. They will be game changers as far as IN is concerned.

If you ask me it is about 25 years behind the Agies ships. in terms of serious firepower.

Adm Verma, speaking at the annual press meet had said, "The induction programme is continuing apace and over the next five years we expect to induct ships/submarines at an average rate of five ships per year provided the yards deliver as per contracted timelines. This year we have concluded eight important contracts which include contracts for four destroyers, five offshore patrol vessels, two cadet training ships, eight landing craft utility and fast interceptor craft for coastal security duties. We are also looking forward to soon concluding contracts for mine counter measure vessels and P 17A frigates."

He had then added: "Among the major projects under construction in Indian shipyards are three ships of Kolkata Class (P-15A), four P-15B ships, which are an advanced version of the Kolkata Class, and six P 75 submarines all at Mazagaon Dock Limited, Mumbai ."

"Four anti-surface warfare corvettes are being built at Garden Reach Ship-builders, Kolkata. In addition, nine naval offshore patrol vessels are under construction at Goa Shipyard Limited and a private shipyard. The construction of the indigenous aircraft carrier is also progressing. We expect to induct one Shivalik class frigate Sahyadri -- one offshore patrol vessel, one Kolkata class destroyer, one P-28 ASW corvette, three catamaran hull survey vessels and twenty five fast interceptor craft over the next one year. Among the overseas projects, the refurbishment of Vikramaditya is progressing on track and the ship is expected to be delivered in December 2012. The three follow-on ships of Talwar class (Teg is first of the three), under construction at Russia, are likely to be delivered in the time frame 2012-13," Adm Verma had said.

VDutt.Excellent find.Can anyone tell me which sub design is in frame 190? It is a sub with a novel placement for missile silos (appear to be Klub),appears to be a later design than the Lada/Amur,that sub also shown with 10 silos for Klub missiles in a previous frame.The Borei class SSBNs also have a unique three-fin tail and sail shaping,worth a closer look.

The Talwar/Tegs are excellent ships and should be compared not with a huge US destroyer three times its size,but with equivelent frigate designs/displacement.They have been found so good and at reasonable cost,that even the Russians are now building them for their own navy.There has been on-of hints at another batch of 3.It would be a good idea as the P-17s/17As are taking a truly long time to arrive.

^^ Karan, whatever you've posted, I fully agree for seeker lock. I am referring to missile lock, viz, missile being fed bearing, azimuth and approach of threat before launch and the missile knowing where it needs to go before launch. Or which target has been allocated to it in a saturation attack. Barak-8 is supposed to do this. AAD already does this.

I got the incorrect impression from AWST that Spyder also had this, but they use good old seeker lock.

Python and R-73 (that had this capability before Python) is cued by Helmet Mounted Cueing System and knows where to go before its launched. So its locked to the target by the HMCS.

Older missiles, say Sidewinder or Magic, whenever their seekers were locked to a target's IR signature, the pilot got a tone and fired. This was seeker LOBL. From your post, I get the impression that Spyder does something similar. This is not anything radical, this is 60's tech. If the Sidewinder or Magic was fired with the target in the seeker FoV but without locking, then it was LOAL. In 1971 the Indian MiG21 fired its missiles and the missile failed to lock on th F104 that was finally shot down by gunfire.

1 x 100 m main gun
8 x VL Brahmos with range out to ~300 Km
1 x 3S-90 arm launcher SA-N-12 SAMs stored in rotary cassette below deck with range out ~30 km
2 x Kashtan CIWS systems, each with 2 x 30 mm gatling guns and 4 SA-N-11 SAMs (also with reloads below deck)
8 x Igla-1E for manual air defence
1 x RBU-6000 rocket launcher
4 x 533mm torpedo tubes

Sirji, I have only one question - is it a frigate or destroyer