IRNSS Launch and Discussions

keshavchandra · Post by **keshavchandra** » 01 Jul 2013 23:42

This is the 23 sucessful flight of pslv. Now we are in space nevigation, finally. Congs to prof. Yashpal and his team.

SagarAg · Post by **SagarAg** » 01 Jul 2013 23:43

YAY!!!!

Congratulations to ISRO and all the people involved in this mission.
Hip Hip Hurrayyyyyyyyyyyy!!!!!!

Comer · Post by **Comer** » 01 Jul 2013 23:44

Nice to see ~~Mr.~~ Prof. Yash Pal, one of my inspirations when I was a kid.

Murugan · Post by **Murugan** » 01 Jul 2013 23:45

I like the way Prof Yashpal speaks.

chaanakya · Post by **chaanakya** » 01 Jul 2013 23:49

Congrates ISRO TEAM. Well Done.

keshavchandra · Post by **keshavchandra** » 01 Jul 2013 23:50

Nxt two comming pslv iress setellite pslv c25 and pslvc23 launch will be this year itself. The shows the isro confidence on pslv. Gd lk.

Rahul M · Post by **Rahul M** » 01 Jul 2013 23:51

waiting for the phrase "textbook launch" in the press release.

NRao · Post by **NRao** » 01 Jul 2013 23:51

Indian PSLV successfully launches IRNSS-1A navigation satellite

India have launched their Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) on Monday carrying IRNSS-1A, the first satellite of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. Liftoff from the first launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre occurred at 18:11 UTC (23:41 local time).

PSLV Mission:

The IRNSS-1A satellite is the first of seven which will make up the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). The constellation will consist of four satellites in geosynchronous orbits inclined at 29 degrees, with three more in geostationary orbit. IRNSS-1A is one of the geosynchronous satellites, and is expected to be positioned at a longitude of 55 degrees east.

IRNSS-1A will eventually be co-located with a second satellite at 55 degrees east, while two more satellites will be placed at 111 degrees east. The geostationary satellites will operate at 34, 83 and 132 degrees east. The IRNSS system is expected to provide navigation signals to India with an accuracy of up to 20 meters.

IRNSS 1AThe IRNSS-1A satellite is based on the I-1K satellite bus and has a fuelled mass of 1,425 kilograms (3,141 lb), or a dry mass of 614 kg (1,354 lb).

It is powered by two solar arrays, which generate up to 1,660 watts of power. The spacecraft is expected to operate for ten years.

Monday’s launch, which marked the twenty-fourth flight of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, was designated as flight number C22.

The rocket flew in the PSLV-XL configuration, which was first used in 2008 to launch the Chandrayaan 1 spacecraft to the Moon. To date, the PSLV-XL has made three flights – also deploying the GSAT-12 communications satellite, and the RISAT-1 radar imaging satellite.

The PSLV is India’s most reliable rocket, with twenty one successful launches from twenty three attempts. Monday’s launch was the rocket’s twentieth successful launch.

The first of its two past failures occurred on the maiden flight, which lost attitude control at second stage separation and as a result failed to achieve orbit. The other failure was the first operational launch, in September 1997, when a fourth stage helium leak led to the rocket placing the IRS-1D satellite into a lower-than-planned orbit which significantly reduced the spacecraft’s operational lifespan.

PSLVThe PSLV-XL is a four-stage carrier rocket augmented at liftoff by six boosters. The second and fourth stages are liquid-fuelled, while the first and third stages and boosters use hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based solid propellant.

The first stage is a PS1, which utilities an S-138 solid rocket motor. During the early stages of flight, six PS0M-XL strap-on solids, powered by S-12 motors, will augment the first stage’s thrust. The use of PS0M-XL solids, in place of the smaller S-9 powered PS0M solids used on the regular PSLV, is the main difference between the PSLV-XL and the standard PSLV.

The second stage of the PSLV, the PS2, is powered by an L40 Vikas engine, derived from the Viking engine developed for the European Ariane rocket. It is fuelled by UH25 propellant – a mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and hydrazine hydrate, and uses dinitrogen tetroxide as oxidizer. The third stage, or PS3, has an S-7 solid motor.

The final stage is the PS4, which burns monomethylhydrazine oxidised by MON-3 – a mixture of nitric oxide, dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen dioxide. The PS4 is powered by two L-2-5 engines.

Monday’s launch took 20 minutes and 25.4 seconds from liftoff to the deployment of IRNSS-1A into its initial transfer orbit. The target orbit for the PSLV C22 mission was a geosynchronous transfer orbit with an apogee of 20,650 kilometers (12,831 miles), a perigee of 284 kilometers (176 miles), and an inclination of 17.86 degrees. Documentation gives a margin of error of 675 kilometers (419 miles) in apogee, 5 kilometers (3 miles) in perigee, and 0.2 degrees in inclination.

The C22 mission outline began with the ignition of the first stage. Half a second later, the first pair of boosters also ignited, with the second pair igniting two tenths of a second after that. The PSLV lifted off from its launch pad and began its climb towards orbit. Twenty five seconds into the flight, the third pair of strapon boosters ignited.

Launch ProfileThe strapon motors have a burn time of around 69.5 seconds, so seventy seconds after launch the first pair were jettisoned. The second pair followed suit a tenth of a second later. A minute and 32 seconds after liftoff, the air-lit solids also separated.

The first stage burned for 115 seconds, after which it separated from the second stage. Two tenths of a second after staging, the second stage ignited to begin its own 151.7-second burn. The payload fairing, termed a “heat shield” by ISRO, separated 93.8 seconds into second stage flight.

Third stage ignition occurred 1.2 seconds after the second stage burns out and separates, with the third stage burn lasting around 110 seconds. Third stage burnout was followed by a coast phase lasting around 144 seconds, before the stage separated.

The fourth stage then continued to coast for 156.4 more seconds before igniting. This eight minute, 32.4 second burn concluded powered flight for the C22 mission. Thirty seven seconds after burnout, IRNSS-1A separated from the PSLV.

Following its separation from the carrier rocket, IRNSS-1A will maneuver into geosynchronous orbit. To accomplish this, it is equipped with an apogee motor generating 440 newtons (100 lb) of thrust, and twelve smaller maneuvering thrusters which each produce 22 newtons (5 lb). Burns will be made at perigee during the fifth and eighth orbits to raise the satellite’s apogee to geosynchronous altitude.

Following this, apogee burns on the ninth, eleventh and twelfth orbits will circularize the orbit and increase inclination from 17.86 degrees to 29 degrees.

Launch SiteThe PSLV will fly from the First Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. The older of the two launch complexes in use for PSLV and GSLV launches, the pad can accommodate either of the two rockets; however GSLV launches are usually made from the Second Launch Pad. Unlike the Second Launch Pad, where rockets are stacked in an assembly building and then rolled to the launch pad, rockets flying from the First Launch Pad are assembled on the launch pad.

PSLV C22 is India’s second orbital launch this year, following February’s successful deployment of the SARAL satellite and several secondary payloads. India’s next scheduled launch is expected to occur in the first week of August, when the GSLV Mk.II will fly its second demonstration mission. This will be the first GSLV launch since two back-to-back failures in 2010.

The next PSLV launch is scheduled for October with the Mangalyaan spacecraft bound for Mars. The second IRNSS satellite is expected to be launched next March.

fanne · Post by **fanne** » 01 Jul 2013 23:52

Congrats Isro.Why do they keep sending Textbook to space everytime?

Murugan · Post by **Murugan** » 01 Jul 2013 23:53

GSLV launch in 40 days. August 2013

sanjaykumar · Post by **sanjaykumar** » 02 Jul 2013 00:17

Great stuff.

PratikDas · Post by **PratikDas** » 02 Jul 2013 00:59

fanne wrote:Congrats Isro.Why do they keep sending Textbook to space everytime?

Congratulations, ISRO!

NRao · Post by **NRao** » 02 Jul 2013 01:51

member_23651 · Post by **member_23651** » 02 Jul 2013 02:41

One noob question: Can IR(egional)NSS be expanded to IG(lobal)NSS whenever need arises? Also I am intrigued by the statement that coverage of IRNSS when fully deployed, would extend to just 1500 km outside India. But will not 1500Km be insufficient coverage to guide our missiles?

SaiK · Post by **SaiK** » 02 Jul 2013 03:01

congrats!

so, which one is this?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... ecture.PNG

GEO at xx*?

can't watch video at KB

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 03:08

Since you asked a noob question on this topic., you will have to come up with an idea/application using the IRNSS that applies in the Indian context. The doodhwala application in 3rd para below is mine now

Yes., IRNSS system can be expanded for global coverage., but costly. Instead of global coverage., India should be looking at expanding the IRNSS coverage to SE-Asia first (Burma to Phillipines) and ME-Africa next. Also in the meantime extend it all the way to Antartica., enables Indians to expertly traverse this areas and more importantly brings the next two sphere of influence (Africa and SE-Asia) into its orbit. Of course extend the footprint into CA as well.

More importantly, within India - over the next decade or two, will lead to an explosion in domestic market on IRNSS application. My wish is to see apps that will tell a doodhwala the nearest center where there is no milk of a particular kind and charts the course for that doodhwala. Further, the doodhwala will pour the milk into the "center"., which will dole out cash (based on the fat content and the amount of milk)., the center will "package" it and the next person puts in cash and takes milk out for his family., for a good cuppa chai. The technology exists now.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 03:12

fanne wrote:Congrats Isro.Why do they keep sending Textbook to space everytime?

Fanne'ji., since they could not send bullock carts., they have to send textbooks.

Congrats Team ISRO.

Loved various languages and accented English spoken during the launch. I wish ISRO puts heavily accented Indians in charge of announcements. Would love to see a mallu (no racial pun intended!) say "du pont nain" when describing some velocity vector and throwing all the AFP/etc speech transcribers into tizzy.

Hari Seldon · Post by **Hari Seldon** » 02 Jul 2013 03:19

Awesome. Jai hind.

P.S.
Is this part of our attempt to get our own GPS/GLONASS in place up in space? Just wondering only.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 03:21

Now waiting for IRNSS-1 to be successfully operationalized. Waiting for 6 more to go.

Just for the new comers:

1. PSLV originally designed to put 800 Kg. sats in sun synchronous orbit at 800 Km. (1993)
2. PSLV design extended including the new PSOM-XL motors to now put @1400 Kg sats in Geo Orbits. (2013)
3. Mass of INSAT-1B 1152 Kg. (1983)

A reliable work-horse is very important! At the same time, a slow but steady progress is giving results. Still miles to go and hopefully things will be speeded up now.

NRao · Post by **NRao** » 02 Jul 2013 03:21

AnantS wrote:One noob question: Can IR(egional)NSS be expanded to IG(lobal)NSS whenever need arises? Also I am intrigued by the statement that coverage of IRNSS when fully deployed, would extend to just 1500 km outside India. But will not 1500Km be insufficient coverage to guide our missiles?

I would think it (1500 Kms) is adequate. Does India have any CMs that exceed that range? Perhaps AF delivered ones at the most. The BMs should have their own guidance system (I would think).

But, what I found interesting is the comment by the Prof, when he said not only did we do it, but we did it better. Wonder what is that better? Suspect it has to do with defense related stuff.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 03:24

Hari Seldon wrote:Awesome. Jai hind.

P.S.
Is this part of our attempt to get our own GPS/GLONASS in place up in space? Just wondering only.

Yes. Except it is called IRNSS. So desis should now call its own "GPS" as "IRNSS".

20 years later., a 5 year old now but a young engineer will be putting up a phone (or a device) onto a ledge to download IRNSS coordinates to site a pillar or say cell phone site or some such high tech site to lay a precision coordinate.

Vipul · Post by **Vipul** » 02 Jul 2013 03:37

Against an intended perigee (nearest point to Earth) of 280 kilometers, apogee (farthest point from the Earth) of about 20,600 kilometers with an inclination of 18 degrees with respect to the equator the satellite was launched into a sub Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit with a 284 km perigee and 20,650 km apogee with an inclination of 17.86 degree with respect to the equatorial plane.

member_23651 · Post by **member_23651** » 02 Jul 2013 03:41

disha wrote:Since you asked a noob question on this topic., you will have to come up with an idea/application using the IRNSS that applies in the Indian context. The doodhwala application in 3rd para below is mine now

Yes., IRNSS system can be expanded for global coverage., but costly. Instead of global coverage., India should be looking at expanding the IRNSS coverage to SE-Asia first (Burma to Phillipines) and ME-Africa next. Also in the meantime extend it all the way to Antartica., enables Indians to expertly traverse this areas and more importantly brings the next two sphere of influence (Africa and SE-Asia) into its orbit. Of course extend the footprint into CA as well.

More importantly, within India - over the next decade or two, will lead to an explosion in domestic market on IRNSS application. My wish is to see apps that will tell a doodhwala the nearest center where there is no milk of a particular kind and charts the course for that doodhwala. Further, the doodhwala will pour the milk into the "center"., which will dole out cash (based on the fat content and the amount of milk)., the center will "package" it and the next person puts in cash and takes milk out for his family., for a good cuppa chai. The technology exists now.

Thanks Disha for clearing doubts

My "chottee soch" was limited to military applications only. All I was thinking in the is in Indian context, especially in Indian navy context, its deployment in South China sea and its need to have denial proof navigational service for its munitions. this question was in future context.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 03:43

AnantS wrote:One noob question: Can IR(egional)NSS be expanded to IG(lobal)NSS whenever need arises? Also I am intrigued by the statement that coverage of IRNSS when fully deployed, would extend to just 1500 km outside India. But will not 1500Km be insufficient coverage to guide our missiles?

As a rocket, If you do not know where you are launched from, how will you go to your destination? For long distance strategic launches., the missile can look at the star chart (given from where it was launched) and use RLG+star sensors to do course corrections beyond 1500 km.

1500 km. good for crooze missiles.

SwamyG · Post by **SwamyG** » 02 Jul 2013 04:24

Congrats ISRO. Hurray.

Sabyasachi · Post by **Sabyasachi** » 02 Jul 2013 04:37

What new alterations we have to do in terms of hardware to sync present weapon systems and weapon carriers with IRNSS or there will be no need, only the software to access data.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 04:51

Until most of the IRNSS capacity is created, any question to sync the present wpn systems to use IRNSS will be pre-mature. First the IRNSS has to be up there, while it is getting up there, sub-systems has to be designed and tested and accepted. Once the whole system is up there, reliable and the subsystems dependent upon it are tested & accepted then they will be "incorporated" into "existing wpn systems" as part of the upgrade cycle.

So lot of ways to go.

Beyond millitary applications, what are the domestic applications one can thing about?

I gave two now., doodhwala and engineer siting a mobile tower say. Both are current and tech available. What other?

member_23651 · Post by **member_23651** » 02 Jul 2013 04:57

Crowd sourced disaster awareness app. Would be useful for informing people about impeding dangers and help authorities to locate distressed

Sri · Post by **Sri** » 02 Jul 2013 05:43

disha wrote:Until most of the IRNSS capacity is created, any question to sync the present wpn systems to use IRNSS will be pre-mature. First the IRNSS has to be up there, while it is getting up there, sub-systems has to be designed and tested and accepted. Once the whole system is up there, reliable and the subsystems dependent upon it are tested & accepted then they will be "incorporated" into "existing wpn systems" as part of the upgrade cycle.

So lot of ways to go.

Beyond millitary applications, what are the domestic applications one can thing about?

I gave two now., doodhwala and engineer siting a mobile tower say. Both are current and tech available. What other?

1. Disaster management
2. agriculture (precision)
3. mining (equipment location and coordination)
4. guarding forest (patrols)
5.wild life study (betterhan radio collars around our tiger's neck)
6. fishing (our fishermen routinely get harrased by other navies)
7. taxi and truck fleet management

SwamyG · Post by **SwamyG** » 02 Jul 2013 06:06

From the brochure: http://isro.org/pslv-c22/pdf/pslv-c22-brochure.pdf, to the already mentioned applications is "Terrestrial navigation aid for hikers and travellers", "Marine navigation", "Integration with Mobile Phones".

PratikDas · Post by **PratikDas** » 02 Jul 2013 06:54

ToI: India's first dedicated navigation satellite launched
PTI | Jul 2, 2013, 12.33 AM IST

SRIHARIKOTA: In a landmark journey into a new era of space application, India on Monday successfully launched its first dedicated navigation satellite using the Polar satellite Launch Vehicle which blasted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre here.

The country's workhorse PSLV blasted off at 11.41pm on Monday night and it ejected IRNSS-1A satellite and placed it in orbit a little past midnight, technically on Tuesday.

Developed by India, the IRNSS-1A, the first of the seven satellites constituting the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) space segment, has a mission life of 10 years.

It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in the country as well as the region extending up to 1,500 km from its boundary, which is its primary service area.

"IRNSS-1A was launched at a cost of approximately Rs 125 crore," ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan said after the launch.

Consisting of a space segment and a ground segment, IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary orbit and four satellites in inclined geosynchronous orbit and is to be completed before 2015.

Over Rs 300 crore is earmarked for the ground segment and almost all the satellites would cost Rs 125 crore, since all of them would most probably be identical, he said.

The launch was "very precise" he said, adding that when the target of apogee was aimed at 20,650 km plus or minus 750 km, the rocket achieved an apogee of 20,625 km.

IRNSS will be on lines with Russia's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), European Union's Galileo (GNSS), China's BeiDou satellite navigation system and the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System.

Singha · Post by **Singha** » 02 Jul 2013 06:57

launch video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nt7EGo2yZvU

PratikDas · Post by **PratikDas** » 02 Jul 2013 07:27

To me the most useful civilian applications are the ones that Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) like WAAS make possible with the resulting position accuracy of 3 m or less. The complementary Indian system is GAGAN. Any commercial SBAS receiver, like this US$ 30 USB device will be able to pick up the GAGAN and GPS signals simultaneously to provide the < 3 m accuracy.

IRNSS with its better-than-20 m accuracy is a good as a redundant solution to GPS for Indian use. It will flourish in India if an IRNSS receiver, say for embedding in smartphones, can be made an order of magnitude cheaper than a GPS receiver. Otherwise, one must consider why all the applications we're discussing here for IRNSS have not already been implemented in India with GPS. What is everyone waiting for?

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 07:36

SwamyG wrote:From the brochure: http://isro.org/pslv-c22/pdf/pslv-c22-brochure.pdf, to the already mentioned applications is "Terrestrial navigation aid for hikers and travellers", "Marine navigation", "Integration with Mobile Phones".

Yep, and I linked the brochure in the first page itself. Anyway, my idea was to go into applications of IRNSS from "user POV"., and particularly applications that help the everyday Indian.

For example., how will you explain application of IRNSS to fleet management to a autowallah? I know of an application., can you think of one? In fact the codexes of IRNSS for public consumption will be very cheap compared to GPS (for eg. 1000 INR per month compared to 100 USD per month)., and the way it can be used is simply exciting.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 07:43

PratikDas wrote:To me the most useful civilian applications are the ones that Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) like WAAS make possible with the resulting position accuracy of 3 m or less. The complementary Indian system is GAGAN. Any commercial SBAS receiver, like this US$ 30 USB device will be able to pick up the GAGAN and GPS signals simultaneously to provide the < 3 m accuracy.

IRNSS with its better-than-20 m accuracy is a good as a redundant solution to GPS for Indian use. It will flourish in India if an IRNSS receiver, say for embedding in smartphones, can be made an order of magnitude cheaper than a GPS receiver. Otherwise, one must consider why all the applications we're discussing here for IRNSS have not already been implemented in India with GPS. What is everyone waiting for?

Pratikji,

Can you please think of an application for say a taxi fleet management service and using the above CanMore receiver device a solution which is also foolproof (I know of one., will post it later down). And once the solution is ready can you give a dollar figure and convert it to a rupee solution? And see if it sticks?

And in the meantime - read this http://www.theatlanticcities.com/techno ... ndia/4934/

And do not take me for wrong., I am excited by IRNSS and see real soln. for India. Just want to initiate some discussions on it., while IRNSS-1 gets operationalized.

disha · Post by **disha** » 02 Jul 2013 07:50

Note GAGAN is not IRNSS. GAGAN is more like an extension over US GPS for India. See the link here for more information: http://www.gpsinindia.com/info/gagan--- ... ion-system

Here is some more links (Pratikji, do read it pls

)

http://www.gpsinindia.com
http://www.gpsinindia.com/directory/ind ... s-in-surat

PratikDas · Post by **PratikDas** » 02 Jul 2013 07:59

disha ji, I can see that you're hinting at the cost of an Indian IRNSS-dependent system being cheaper than a GPS-dependent solution as the key benefit of IRNSS. As you can see in my earlier post, I concur. IRNSS receivers will have to be an order of magnitude cheaper. My question to everyone is would it be possible to have a Rs. 180 IRNSS receiver? I'm not in the semiconductor business, so I don't know. If so, IRNSS will make GPS look like a joke.

As for not having good Indian maps for positioning systems to leverage, as mentioned in the article you linked, the problem is not one that IRNSS will solve.

And yes, I know exactly what GAGAN is. Perhaps you should read the SBAS reference I provided.

Do you disagree that with GAGAN one should get better 3 m resolution and with IRNSS you get better than 20 m?

Which one is better?

krishnan · Post by **krishnan** » 02 Jul 2013 08:15

GAGAN - GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation

SwamyG · Post by **SwamyG** » 02 Jul 2013 08:15

Why are you trying to explain IRNSS to an autowallah? He would be a consumer if at all of equipment/applications. It is like having to explain networks to the user of a cell/mobile.

Austin · Post by **Austin** » 02 Jul 2013 08:32

Saw the entire launch it was perfect , Congrats ISRO