India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

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Amber G.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Amber G. »

Varoon Shekhar wrote:Everytime I see a new posting under this thread, I am just hoping it's to report the commissioning of a reactor, whether in Kalpakkam, Kakrapar, Rawatbhatta or Jaitpur. Alas, no news in this regard :(
Here is one tweet from our PM sent just now :) Congratulations to our nuclear scientists for achieving criticality of Kakrapar Atomic Power Plant-3! This indigenously designed 700 MWe KAPP-3 reactor is a shining example of Make in India. And a trailblazer for many such future achievements!
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Mort Walker »

^^^Good news indeed.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Varoon Shekhar »

Amber G. wrote:
Varoon Shekhar wrote:Everytime I see a new posting under this thread, I am just hoping it's to report the commissioning of a reactor, whether in Kalpakkam, Kakrapar, Rawatbhatta or Jaitpur. Alas, no news in this regard :(
Here is one tweet from our PM sent just now :) Congratulations to our nuclear scientists for achieving criticality of Kakrapar Atomic Power Plant-3! This indigenously designed 700 MWe KAPP-3 reactor is a shining example of Make in India. And a trailblazer for many such future achievements!
Excellent! Some positive news on this thread at last :)
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Vips »

Fantastic news. Hoping for some update (Good or bad) on Breeder reactor now.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by SSridhar »

Whither Nuclear Energy? - Vinayak Chatterjee, Business Standard
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Hiten »

Vips wrote:Fantastic news. Hoping for some update (Good or bad) on Breeder reactor now.
the PFBR now set to become Critical in December 2021

via https://www.spansen.com/2020/08/decembe ... -pfbr.html
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Vips »

Thanks Hiten for the update. Due to the long issue with the Sodium Cooling that our scientists have not been able to overcome for some years now i was fearing the unthinkable of the present reactor being a design failure and its possible scrapping(setting the program back by at least a decade).

I am keeping my fingers crossed and hoping the reactor reaches criticality at least in Dec 2021.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Hiten »

These Photographs Of India's Under Construction CIRUS Reactor Is The Stuff That Says, "Forward Thinking Nation"
https://www.spansen.com/2020/08/photogr ... ation.html
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Hiten »

dinesh_kimar
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by dinesh_kimar »

^ it may be a schematic for Proton Therapy device, used in medical applications. Safer than X rays.

The focused beams are too weak for the Proton beam synchrotron (PBS) accelerators used at CERN. They apparently need 1000s of tons of magnets.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Anujan »

It is not a proton therapy device: Look at the size, 13m tall, 6m wide.

It is an accelerator driven sub critical reactor (ADSR)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerat ... al_reactor

Image
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Amber G. »

Asked it to google and got this ((All in 3 mouse clicks and even before read Anjun's post ):

schematic of 750 MW (thermal one-way coupled ADS :)

(Yes, one-way coupled Indian ADS( accelerator driven systems) with low energy proton beam).
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Amber G. »

Dr. Sekhar Basu, former Secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy, an unassuming thinker of keen insights, a problem solver, a committed scientist- technologist and a big hearted cheerful man passed away.

He leaves a rich legacy and a wide imprint that will always be remembered . He worked on several mega science projects and many Indian and international scientists had privilege of knowing/working with him

You will be missed Dr. Basu.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Mukesh.Kumar »

Finally mainstreaming of a rationale viewpoint on Nuclear Power. Apologies but it's the BeeB finally putting this out.

Nuclear power: Are we too anxious about the risks of radiation?

Tongue in cheek I would like to say that BRF as usual ahead of the curve. Recall the lengthy discussions and posts by people when we were discussing 123 and Kudankulum. And Shiv jis posts on the effect of a TNW.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Hiten »

Amber G. wrote:
Asked it to google and got this ((All in 3 mouse clicks and even before read Anjun's post ):

schematic of 750 MW (thermal one-way coupled ADS :)

(Yes, one-way coupled Indian ADS( accelerator driven systems) with low energy proton beam).
yes. That is the proposed Indian design. Hybrid design to lower Accelerator's Power consumption.

a write-up
https://www.spansen.com/2020/09/this-ad ... india.html
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by nam »

I never thought there will be video of this incident.

https://twitter.com/CrazyinRussia/statu ... 2169660416

The Soviets used a nuke to block a burning oil well and the whole incident was secret. Fundamentally a nuke test, which was not known to the west.

This is an example of how big countries can carry out nuke test and none will be wiser..
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Mukesh.Kumar »

Interesting research by Dr. Meera Chadha on how to lessen impact of large explosions with possible applications on Nuclear attacks.

Mathematician Dr Meera Chadha Finds A Way To Reduce Effects Of A Nuclear Explosion; Here’s Her Inspiring Story
Using mathematical modelling, Dr Chadha has shown that the deadly effects of nuclear weapons can be mitigated to some extent with the introduction of dust particles. The otherwise-irritating substance (allergic folks can testify) is found to reduce the energy released from the blast and curtail the distance over which damage can occur.

“The aim of the study was clear from the beginning,” Dr Chadha tells Swarajya. “To mitigate or reduce the effects of an explosion, like the one in Beirut, but a nuclear explosion in particular.”

Dr Chadha used the bombing of Hiroshima as a reference. That bomb had a yield of 15 kilotonnes and was dropped over the city from a height of more than half a kilometre. Flash burns were felt nearly 1 km away and buildings were destroyed over a 1.6 km radius.

“I thought that if I could reduce that 1.6 km radius and take it down to about 1 km or 1.2 km, we would be moving in the right direction,” she said contemplatively.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Mukesh.Kumar »

Here's the Abstract of her paper and the full paper can be requested from here.
Abstract
In this paper, we have studied the impact created by the introduction of up to 5% dust particles in enhancing the decay of blast waves produced by a nuclear explosion. A mathematical model is designed and modified using appropriate assumptions, the most important being treating a nuclear explosion as a point source of energy. A system of partial differential equations describing the one-dimensional, adiabatic, unsteady flow of a relaxing gas with dust particles and radiation effects is considered. The symmetric nature of an explosion is captured using the Lie group invariance and self-similar solutions obtained for the gas undergoing strong shocks. The enhancements in decay caused by varying the quantity of dust are studied. The energy released and the damage radius are found to decrease with time with an increase in the dust parameters.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Amber G. »

^^^ Pointing out what I think ought to be obvious - Above "article" by "Dr. Meera Chadha" in a serious sounding "journal", unless posted as a joke is scientifically non-sense. Interesting journal this "Proceedings of The Royal Society A (Proc Math Phys Eng Sci)" :rotfl:
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by chetak »

India's first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor in final stages of commissioning
Image
Kalpakkam fast breeder nuclear reactor (Screengrab from YouTube)


SV Krishna Chaitanya
30th October 2020

CHENNAI: Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) director Dr Arun Kumar Bhaduri on Friday said India's first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) was in the final stages of commissioning.

He was responding to a query by The New Indian Express on the sidelines of a rare press conference organised following the inauguration of an incubation centre. "The PFBR is in the final stages of commissioning. I can only say this much," he said.

On March 5, in response to a question in Parliament, the Union minister of state for atomic energy Jitendra Singh said the PFBR will be “commissioned and operationalised” in December 2021.

In an RTI reply to Chennai-based activist, Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), the organisation in charge of building and operating the PFBR, has attributed the delay in various stages of commissioning to multiple technical issues and challenges, primarily pertaining to the design and manufacture, as it is the first of its kind.

"The sequential commissioning comprises various stages. The application for the stage commensurate with the current status of the project has been submitted and permission granted by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board," reads BHAVINI's reply, a copy of which is available with The New Indian Express.

Meanwhile, the World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020, which was released in September, has termed the PFBR as the most delayed project. It was supposed to be completed by 2010 but its startup date has been repeatedly pushed back.

In March 2020, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science and Technology, Environment, Forests and Climate Change outlined the “hope” that the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) will be in a position to commission the PFBR at Kalpakkam near Chennai by the end of 2021, a timeline that accords with Jitendra Singh's statement in the Parliament.

The committee acknowledges the lengthy delay on this project, but advocates for completion, suggesting the PFBR will “transform” India’s nuclear energy program. That “transformation” might take longer than India’s nuclear establishment promised.

In the latest annual report published by BHAVINI, the chairman admits that within the organisation “a re-think is being done” about the capacity of the next fast breeder reactors and “based on the ongoing difficulties and experience generated during the entire ongoing commissioning phase of PFBR, it is being deliberated whether for the purpose of standardisation it may be prudent to retain them as 500 MWe units” in contrast to earlier proposals to build a design capable of generating 600 MWe.

The ongoing difficulties during the commissioning phase pertain to numerous problems involving various components of the PFBR, including electro-magnetic pumps, fueling machinery, and secondary sodium pumps. In addition to considering lowering the power level of future FBRs, the annual report also admits that “construction of these reactors is expected to commence, only after the power operation of PFBR, so as to ensure availability of adequate performance feedback /data from PFBR and correspondingly bringing about suitable incorporation of required design changes in the proposed FBRs.”

In contrast, the previous annual report had asserted that “construction of these reactors is expected to commence in 2021 by which time adequate performance feedback on full power operation from PFBR is expected to be available, for factoring in the proposed 600 MWe designs.”

The projected cost of the PFBR has also risen from the initially anticipated Rs 34.9 billion (US $463 million) -- first to Rs 56.7 billion (US $752 million) and currently to Rs 68.4 billion (US $907 million).
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Sanatanan »

chetak wrote:India's first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor in final stages of commissioning
Image
Kalpakkam fast breeder nuclear reactor (Screengrab from YouTube)
I believe the image in above post is that of Koodangulam NPPs and not of PFBE at Kalpakkam.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by ashbhee »

Bill Gates backed consortium wants to develop Thorium based MSRs for ships.
I wonder why India does not invite them to setup shop in India. The article also mentions abundance of Thorium in India.
In the m-MSR atomic battery, the fuel is the coolant and the coolant is the fuel, so coolant cannot be lost. Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element found most commonly in India and is a substance that Gates’ TerraPower has been studying closely of late.
https://splash247.com/bill-gates-joins- ... ping-push/
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by SSridhar »

As cyclone Nivar is crossing the coast so near to Kalpakkam,

Kalpakkam's MAPS activates protection machinery as Cyclone Nivar approaches
The Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) in Kalpakkam on Tuesday has activated its Cyclone Protection Machinery and all preparedness measures (for Nivar) are being undertaken, according to Station Director of MAPS M Srinivas.

Srinivas said that sandbags have been placed on the coast side and stormwater drains have been cleared and inspection of plant buildings and structures have been done.

The station authorities are on high alert and are closely monitoring the weather bulletins.

He said that unit 2 of MAPS is functioning at its full capacity of 220 MW.

The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) had said the cyclonic storm Nivar would intensify into a very severe cyclonic storm with sustained wind speeds of 120-130 kmph gusting to 145 kmph.
Heavy rains lashing Chennai since last night.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by disha »

ashbhee wrote:Bill Gates backed consortium wants to develop Thorium based MSRs for ships.
I wonder why India does not invite them to setup shop in India. The article also mentions abundance of Thorium in India.
Why India should be inviting Gates's MSR to setup shop in India?
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Amber G. »

Meanwhile:
- - India and the USA have extended their MOU for cooperation on the Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership by 10 years. ( This center supports international cooperation in nuclear energy applications etc).

- - AERB has given okay for the pouring concrete for the first two 700 MWe PHWR's at Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojna (Fatehabad, Haryana.)

(Also - Fuel loading has just started in first Pakistani Hualong One)
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by chetak »

disha wrote:
ashbhee wrote:Bill Gates backed consortium wants to develop Thorium based MSRs for ships.
I wonder why India does not invite them to setup shop in India. The article also mentions abundance of Thorium in India.
Why India should be inviting Gates's MSR to setup shop in India?
we are far ahead of almost all others in this specific field.

If any come, it's only to piggyback and surely industrial espionage will not be too far from their minds.

If gates' MSR works anything like his windows products, then god help us all.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Vips »

Kudankulam reactors to get 'more reliable and cost-eective' nuclear fuel: Rosatom.

Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant units 1 and 2 will have a new type of nuclear fuel which is "more reliable and cost-eective" and their fuel cycle will be elongated from 12 to 18 months, TVEL Fuel Company said on Wednesday. TVEL Fuel Company of Russia's State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom and Nuclear Power Corporation ofIndia Limited (NPCIL) have signed an agreement to supply the nuclear fuel for the Kudankulam reactors.

Kudankulam 1 and 2 reactors, both of 1,000 MW each, have already been commissioned while units 3-6 are at different stages of construction.

"TVEL Fuel Company of Rosatom and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) have signed an agreement to supply fuel contract, aimed at the implementation of a comprehensive engineering project, including introduction of the new TVS-2M nuclear fuel and elongation of the fuel cycle from 12 to 18 months for both operating VVER-1000," TVEL said

Compared to the UTVS fuel model, which is currently supplied to the Kudankulam plant, TVS-2M fuel assemblies have a number of advantages making them more reliable and cost-effective.

First, it is the rigidity of a bundle because of which the welded frame, the fuel assemblies in the reactor core retain their geometry, the spacer grids protect fuel rod cladding from fretting wear (preventing from de-pressurisation), and the additional spacer grid makes fuel assemblies more vibration-resistant, TVEL said.

Secondly, the new fuel has increased uranium capacity -- one TVS-2M assembly contains 7.6 per cent more fuel material as compared to UTVS.
"Everything that we offer to our Indian partners is focused on obtaining economic benefits from nuclear power units operation. The eiciency is achieved due to the increased uranium content in a fuel bundle, reducing the amount of spent nuclear fuel and increasing duration of the fuel campaign from three to four-and-a-half years," Natalia Nikipelova, President of TVEL, said.

Earlier, TVEL Fuel Company implemented similar projects of replacement UTVS with TVS-2M fuel and an extension of the fuel cycle from 12 to 18 months at Tianwan nuclear power plant in China.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Vips »

India’s BHEL wins huge order for PHWR equipment from NPCIL.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited announced that it has won a “prestigious order” from the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) for the supply of 32 reactor header assemblies for India’s indigenously-developed 700MWe pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs) to be set up at four different locations.

This was the first order placed under NPCIL’s Fleet Mode Procurement programme and will significantly boost domestic manufacturing.

India’s government had approved fleet mode implementation of ten 700MWe PHWRs in 2017 at an estimated cost of $16.3bn. BHEL said it has been associated with all the three stages of the Indian Nuclear Power Programme as the primary supplier to NPCIL for reactor headers, steam turbines, steam generators, motors and other equipment. To date, all the reactor header assemblies for 700MWe PHWR projects in India have been supplied by BHEL. Currently, some 75% of PHWR based nuclear plants in India are equipped with BHEL-supplied turbine and generator sets.

The ten planned reactors are units 5&6 at the Kaiga NPP in Karnataka state, units 1&2 at the Chutka NPP in Madhya Pradesh, units 1-4 at Mahi Banswara NPP in Rajasthan and units 1&2 at Gorakhpur NPP in Haryana state. Four 700MWe PHWRs are already under construction: Kakrapar 3&4 in Gujurat, and Rajasthan 7&8 in Rajasthan.

India’s PHWRs are a domestic design based on the Candu type reactor which uses heavy water and natural uranium but which do not require a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) - India does not have the manufacturing capability to produce the large forgings needs to make RPVs.

India has focused on self sufficiency in its nuclear development since its first nuclear weapons test in 1974, after which it was excluded from international nuclear trade until its agreement with the USA in 2008. Two small Canadian (Candu) PHWRs at began operation at Rajasthan nuclear plant in 1972 and 1980. Subsequently India constructed 14 200MWe PHWRs at five sites (Kaiga, Kakrapur, Madras, Narora and Rajasthan) as well as two 490MWe PHWRs at Tarapur.

India also has two small boiling water reactors built in the 1960s by GE operating at Tarapur, as well as two Russian supplied VVER-1000 units operating at Kudankulam, which were connected to the grid in 2013 and 2016, with two others under construction and more planned.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Vips »

Unit 3 of Kakrapar nuclear plant synchronised to grid.

The unit 3 of Kakrapar Nuclear Power Plant (KAPP) has been synchronised with the grid, a senior official of the Department of Atomic Energy said on Monday. Former Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, Anil Kakoddar, said 15 more such units will follow in fleet mode.

The 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) was synchronised with grid at at 11.37 am on Sunday, the official added.

"Extremely happy to know that India's first 700 MWe PHWR, KAPP-3, has been synchronised with grid at 11:37 hrs today (10.01.2021). True example of indigenous technology developed and built in India with with fifteen more such units to follow in fleet mode. 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'," Kakodkar, the former secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy said.

The first 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor at Kakrapar, Gujarat, KAPP-3 achieved criticality (controlled self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction for the first time) on July 22.(Six months from achieving criticality to commercial linking to the grid.)

Kakrapar also two PHWRs of 220 MW each. The fourth nuclear power reactor of 700 MW is also coming up.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by darshan »

L&T Construction awarded significant contract to build two units of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project
https://www.deshgujarat.com/2021/02/18/ ... r-project/
Mumbai: The construction arm of L&T has secured a significant order in the Nuclear sector from Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) for its Heavy Civil Infrastructure business in India to construct the Main Plant Civil Works of the Kudankulam 5&6 units (KKNPP 5&6 – 2X1000 MWe)

The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is India’s first Light Water Reactor (LWR) of 6 units with a generation capacity of 1000 MWe each. The scope of work includes construction of the Reactor Building, Reactor Auxiliary Building, Turbine Building, Diesel Generator Building and other Safety Related Structures in a duration of 64 Months.

L&T is currently executing similar works of Kudankulam 3&4 units (KKNPP 3&4) in the same premises.
...
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by darshan »

L&T Hazira (Surat) delivers 700 MWe Steam Generator ahead of schedule
https://www.deshgujarat.com/2021/03/09/ ... -schedule/
The Heavy Engineering arm of Larsen & Toubro dispatched the first out of four 700 MWe Steam Generators for the Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (GHAVP) 1&2 project in 36 months, creating a new global benchmark in the nuclear manufacturing industry.
Anil Parab, Executive Vice President and Head, L&T Heavy Engineering, said,

“Our heavy engineering capabilities are globally recognized and cater to the most complex, hi-tech and first-of-its-kind requirements of the industry. It is always our endeavour to complete the projects with the highest standards of safety and quality in stipulated timelines.”
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by kit »

Vips wrote:India’s BHEL wins huge order for PHWR equipment from NPCIL.

India’s PHWRs are a domestic design based on the Candu type reactor which uses heavy water and natural uranium but which do not require a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) - India does not have the manufacturing capability to produce the large forgings needs to make RPVs.
https://www.larsentoubro.com/heavy-engi ... r-vessels/

Image
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by sivab »

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cit ... 521270.cms
In a first, India exploring for uranium in Arunachal along India-China border

Indian authorities are looking for uranium reserves just three kilometres from the India-China border in Arunachal Pradesh in a first-ever such exercise, a top official said.
“We have got the required encouragement from the Centre and have taken up the exploration. There was no possibility to do heliborne exploration because of the hills. But we walked all the way up the hills to begin the exploration,” D K Sinha, director, Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) said in Hyderabad on Monday.
Speaking on the sidelines of a one-day seminar on ‘radiation and environment’ organised by the Indian Nuclear Society, Sinha said he went to the farthest village in the Indian side of the border, Mechuka valley.
The top scientist said the exploration for uranium had yielded positive results and further activity would continue, which would also result in mining.
The exploration was taken up in Aalo of West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, about 619 meters from ground level.

Uranium is used for producing nuclear energy which is considered clean energy. Exploration for uranium has also been taken up in several other states in the country with acceptance coming from Northeastern states too.
“Accessibility is one reason why exploration has been taken up in Arunachal Pradesh. Secondly, the political situation has made it more conducive to take up such activity for uranium exploration,” chairman and chief executive of Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) Dinesh Srivastava said.
Efforts are also being made for uranium exploration in Himachal Pradesh, while locals in Manipur have also given their nod for exploration. Work is also going in Assam, Nagaland, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Jharkhand.
“In Jharkhand we were exploring uranium, but also detected gold. Many other precious metals are found when we carry out exploration,” Sinha said.
Prospecting for Lithium has also gained significance. Some sites have been identified on the Karnataka-Andhra border, and some sites in Karnataka. “Lithium is a key mineral,” said Sinha pointing out its usage in batteries.
NFC CEO Srivastava said work on NFC Kota to produce nuclear fuel bundles used for generating nuclear power was taking place. An amount of Rs 4,200 crore was sanctioned by the Centre for the project. He said the project would be commissioned by end of 2022. “We are self-sufficient in terms of fuel, technology, capacity for our nuclear power plants. In fact, we can also export if it is required,” Srivastava said. “Our quality is the best available in the world,” he said.
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by chetak »

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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Philip »

Cross-posted in the Indo-French td.
https://mediaindia.eu/business/jaitapur-nuclear-france/

Time for India to cancel Jaitapur nuclear power project

France keen on flogging its ‘messy’ tech to India
May 2, 2021/ By Ranvir Nayar / New Delhi
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Vips »

Nuclear force: Why India needs to increase its nuclear stockpile.

Since the Cold War bilateral treaties between the United States and Russia like START- 1 ensured that the number of nuclear weapons in the world declines significantly. However, even today in order to maintain parity both the U.S and Russia continue to modernize their nuclear forces. The other United Nation P-5 nuclear powers notably China, United Kingdom and France have also earmarked billions of dollars to modernize their nuclear force. Thousands of U.S and Russian nuclear warheads continue to remain on high alert, ready for use on short notice. Most nuclear-armed states provide little or no information about the exact size of their nuclear arsenal. So, any information related to the size and composition of the nuclear weapon stockpiles of any country are just estimates.

Most U.S and Russian SLBMs carry MIRVs. The only exceptions were MARV, or very large warhead models designed for hard targets like deeply buried bunkers. Russia’s Topol Inter Continental Ballistic Missile was a single warhead missile by design, but later generation Russian missiles are designed for more than one warhead. One version of the R-36M ICBM (NATO reporting name: SS-18 Satan) had a 20-megaton single warhead.

Anti-Ballistic Missile Defense: The grey area

It is extremely difficult to shoot down an incoming missile warhead with an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) because not only are missile warheads small but they travel at great speeds, faster than even a rifle bullet. Then there are several other variables related to the incoming warhead like trajectory, characteristics, decoys that will not be known to the ABM operators. Many ICBMs can carry 5 to 10 warheads and about 30 or more decoys. If a single ICBM with ten warheads and 100 decoys were launched against India, no less than 110 interceptors would be required to destroy them preferably outside the Earth’s atmosphere. Warheads can also be made to maneuver, and they can do so in a variety of ways making interception almost impossible.

India’s nuclear weapons: Requirement for credibility

For the Indian government the primary purpose of nuclear weapons has always been to dissuade any possible adversary from attacking India or our vital interests.

Western intelligence community are of the opinion that China has many more nuclear warheads than the commonly quoted figure of 350. China’s missile force is the most diversified on the planet, with more ballistic missiles launched for testing and training than the rest of the world combined. China’s recent decision to outfit some of its ICBMs with MIRVs, as well as Pakistan’s announcement in January 2017 that it had successfully test-fired a new 2000 kms range ballistic missile called Ababeel with MIRVs are both noteworthy because for Pakistan it reflects a strategy to quickly strike multiple targets across India. The long-range strategic missile that China has developed include DF-41, DF-31, DF-31A, DF-4, and DF-5 ground-based missiles, and JL-1 and new JL-2 submarine-launched missiles.

In the case of a nuclear strike, India’s leadership should focus on a comprehensive counter-offensive strategy aimed at removing an adversary’s ability to cause further harm to Indian interests. For this strategy to be successful India needs to drastically increase its stockpile of nuclear weapons so that it dwarfs the combined nuclear stockpile of both China and Pakistan. Such strike capability needs to be backed up by advanced real-time imagery and data fusion powered by Edge Computing that will allow precision strike of even the adversary’s road mobile and rail mobile missiles. Some of the missions now assigned to nuclear weapons may be addressed by conventional precision strike weapons, but not all of them. Some targets, such as missile silos and command and control centres, are so difficult to destroy that no conventional weapon will be able to do it. Many hard targets could be defeated with nuclear explosives with lower yields if they are delivered with precision.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) had published their radio-chemical analytical estimate of the S-1(Fusion Weapon) yield shortly after POKHRAN II. The raw data has been withheld because it could reveal weapon design details. It does, however, provide a qualitative technique of determining the tests’ efficacy. It will be difficult for India to field a new, highly optimized, nuclear warhead design without nuclear testing. Therefore, existing nuclear designs will have to be maintained. Simulations of nuclear explosions can only go so far: and that confidence in the performance of a system can only be gained by actual testing. The simulation is worthless without the empirical validation. The K-5 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) that is currently being developed should be able to carry at least 3 MIRV and once the weight of these warheads is further reduced thereby improving the yield-to-weight ratio the K-5 as well at the Agni 5 should be able to carry 5 MIRVs.

The survivability of India’s nuclear force to the possibility of a disarming first strike is a crucial requirement for credibility. India does not need to threaten cities or population of the adversary although that’s a potent element of the deterrent calculus. The Indian government must view nuclear weapons as part of a comprehensive national security strategy that includes diplomacy, arms control initiatives, and conventional forces to maximize stability and peace in the region.
Tanaji
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by Tanaji »

Got to hand it to the above articles author: an entire piece written and it has said absolutely nothing. Not a single new piece of wisdom was contributed to the debate.

Lately we are seeing the same inane schitt being regurgitated again and again.
ramana
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by ramana »

Debajit Sarkar.

The author is a subject matter expert on competitive intelligence and market research in the defence & aerospace industry
chola
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by chola »

Vips wrote:Nuclear force: Why India needs to increase its nuclear stockpile.


In the case of a nuclear strike, India’s leadership should focus on a comprehensive counter-offensive strategy aimed at removing an adversary’s ability to cause further harm to Indian interests. For this strategy to be successful India needs to drastically increase its stockpile of nuclear weapons so that it dwarfs the combined nuclear stockpile of both China and Pakistan.
The chinis are already expanding their nuclear stockpile.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national ... story.html

If they are scared stiff of the US -- and it is looking like they are -- then they will try to build nukes in the thousands to come any where close to the US.

We will have to start soon to keep at the current ratio never mind dwarfing both the PRC's and TSP's arsenals.

We have had the luxury of spending little on the nukes because the chinis + pakis only have at most 500 between them. This is mainly because the chinis thought getting their claws economically into the US would always temper hostility. They seem to have had second thoughts after Trump and are building nukes now. In the worst case, they might try to match the US weapon for weapon (like they are trying with their navy) and that would mean 3500 warheads.
ramana
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Re: India Nuclear News and Discussion 4 July 2011

Post by ramana »

China had a regional nuke strategy by way of short and medium ballistic missiles. It had a handful of ICBMs as insurance. Majority of its threat was from Soviet Union.

Under XJP inner and outer circle plans it needs more ICBMs as it's threat spectrum changes.

Nukes are still insurance and not for coercion.

The threat to India has not changed. It still is from the medium range weapons.
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