IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

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member_20030
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IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by member_20030 »

I am interested in Indian Navy history and have a question.

I recently saw a reference to a deployment by the Indian Navy to Mozambique in 1987. It was to support the Mozambique government against the RENAMO insurgents.

Does anyone have any information about this?

thanks
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Singha »

it seems we secretly intervened in the seychelles to head off a coup also. you can find some info on both issues here.
wow we are are more chankian than we let on...stuff of a novel

http://www.indiadefenceupdate.com/news184.htm (by Ranjit Rai)

3. India's intervention in the Seychelles

India had taken an active security role in the Indian Ocean since the mid 1980s. In 1986, India's security role in Seychelles crystallised over a series of coup attempts against President René led by the Seychelles Minister of Defence, Ogilvy Berlouis. Many of the details of these coup attempts remain unclear, perhaps because more than one coup was apparently being organised at the time. According to some reports, the Berlouis plot, codenamed Operation Distant Lash, involved some 30 mercenaries and 350 Seychellois (although Indian sources believe this was an overestimate). Some claim that it had the support of South African intelligence and of prominent anti-communists in Washington. Berlouis had been invited to the Pentagon in 1985 and, according to one report some in the US security establishment saw Berlouis as a potential future president of the islands, recognising in him an ambitious man with no ideological baggage despite his tenure of a senior post of the René government. However, it seems that there was some ambivalence in the Reagan administration about any moves against René, fearing that Seychelles could be destabilised by the installation of a new leader. Since the 1981 attempted coup, René had mended fences with South Africa and the United States: he was increasingly viewed as someone who they could work with and in late 1985 had agreed to extend the US lease on the satellite tracking station.

Nevertheless, in early June 1986, Berlouis and his co-conspirators decided to move against René. When New Delhi was informed of an impending coup by either Indian or Soviet sources, Prime Minister Gandhi (who was also Minister of Defence) and the junior Defence Minister, Arun Singh, personally contacted the Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral RH Tahiliani, with a verbal request to provide assistance to René. Coincidentally, the Indian Navy had already dispatched the INS Vindhyagiri under Captain S. Ramsagar on a scheduled visit to Seychelles to participate in Seychelles Independence Day celebrations. It was decided that on arrival Vindhyagiri would report an engineering defect requiring an extended stay in Port Victoria. The Director of Naval Intelligence and Director of Naval Operations then briefed a Commodore who was sent to the Seychelles on a commercial airline to command the operation and ostensibly take charge of repairing the ship. A local engineering company was also enlisted to make some minor repairs. An Indian Navy "engineering" team of 20 sailors trained in weapons was readied for dispatch to Port Victoria, although their presence was not ultimately required. The Indian Navy gave the operation the codename Flowers Are Blooming.

In the meantime, René repaired to the Presidential Palace under the protection of his 50-strong North Korean bodyguard while the INS Vindhyagiri remained at Port Victoria for 12 days, making great use of its Sea King to provide public displays of helicopter commando "slithering" and assaults. The ship regularly trained its 4.5 inch gun on power mode as a demonstration to the coup plotters. Also present in Port Victoria was a Soviet Turya class patrol boat, the Zoroaster, which was due to be handed over to the Seychelles. The Zoroaster's captain was junior in rank to the Vindhyagiri's captain. At one stage the Zoroaster left Port Victoria on patrol in response to a report that two Royal Naval vessels intended to enter the port in support of the planned coup. By mid June the planned coup had been averted. Seychellois authorities - with the likely assistance of Indian security services - arrested six men (but not Berlouis). Indian sources believe that the presence of an Indian naval vessel made a significant contribution to averting a coup. As a former Indian intelligence officer who was in the Seychelles during the period commented, the Indian naval presence "served the purpose."

Two months later Berlouis made another attempt to unseat President René which India again helped to quash. The plot was uncovered in late August while President René was attending a meeting of the Non Aligned Movement in Harare with Rajiv Gandhi and other leaders of non-aligned states. René may have been told of the planned coup by the South African security services whose strategy was cultivating all sides in Seychelles with a view to cementing its own influence. According to another report, René was personally informed about the plot by Rajiv Gandhi who had been tipped off by the Soviets. Gandhi lent René his own plane, Air India 001, to return to Seychelles early. According to one report on 6 September René, disguised as an Indian woman wearing a sari, was met at the airport by the Indian High Commissioner and taken to the Commissioner's residence. Berlouis and other plotters were then tracked to the island of Praslin. Berlouis and four other army officers were forced to resign and Berlouis left for London. The Indian ship INS Godavari, which was then returning to India from New York after taking part in centenary celebrations for the Statue of Liberty, was diverted to Port Victoria, although it only arrived on 24 September and departed several days after. It was reported that in October 1986, some 50 Soviet troops were landed by the Soviet amphibious vessel the Ivan Rogov, to provide additional security to René.

India's interventions cemented India's role in the Seychelles. In 1989, India established the Seychelles Defence Academy and continues to play an important role in Seychelles' security. Although India lost some of its assertiveness in the region in the wake of the Sri Lankan debacle, since the turn of the century it has been actively re-establishing its security role in the Indian Ocean. Today, India has close security relationships with many states in the southwest Indian Ocean, including Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar and Mozambique, which form an important part of India's broader strategy in the Indian Ocean.

Conclusion

Operation Flowers Are Blooming was the first demonstration of the Indian Navy's capability to influence political events throughout the Indian Ocean, far from the navy's traditional area of operations in South Asia. It showed that the navy could be used to project power effectively, at long distance, and with relative discretion. Naval diplomacy by the Indian Navy has been used to great effect in recent years. The success of the Seychelles operation may also have given the Rajiv Gandhi government confidence that it could execute low cost military interventions in its Indian Ocean neighbours, including its decision to intervene in Sri Lanka in July 1987 and it successful intervention in the Maldives in November 1988. That the Sri Lanka intervention was ultimately disastrous for the Indian Army, Rajiv Gandhi, and of course Sri Lanka, is a reminder of the risks involved in such actions.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Singha »

Nevertheless in the following years, India provided two helicopters, training and technicians to the tiny Seychelles air force. The Indian navy also regularly sent an Indian naval vessel to attend Seychelles' Independence Day celebrations. In 1984, Captain Ranjit B. Rai, one of the authors of this article, attended the celebrations in command of INS Vindhaygiri, accompanied by INS Rajput under the command of Captain PS Das and the Fleet Commander Rear Admiral IJS Khurana. The Seychelles Minister of Defence, Ogilvy Berlouis, was invited on board and later, together with his charming wife, entertained Indian officers at his home after the traditional Independence Day parade. Visiting ship's officers customarily familiarised themselves with the Seychelles geography and its leadership, later providing intelligence reports and a letter of proceedings on the visit, standard procedures inherited from the Royal Navy.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Singha »

In early 1987, the Indian Navy began patrolling the Mozambique Channel to interdict the supply by sea of South African-backed RENAMO insurgents fighting the Mozambique government
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by sum »

According to one report on 6 September René, disguised as an Indian woman wearing a sari, was met at the airport by the Indian High Commissioner and taken to the Commissioner's residence. Berlouis and other plotters were then tracked to the island of Praslin. Berlouis and four other army officers were forced to resign and Berlouis left for London. The Indian ship INS Godavari, which was then returning to India from New York after taking part in centenary celebrations for the Statue of Liberty, was diverted to Port Victoria, although it only arrived on 24 September and departed several days after.
Woah... :shock: :shock:

Only sad part in this spy game was the complete reliance on soviet intel and complete lack of Indian side intel( just like we seem to rely fully on US intel nowadays)
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Singha »

most of these plots seems to originate in a few 'hubs' like london, paris, rome, monaco, cape town, rio where disgruntled faction leaders and deposed leaders liked to live in exile. they are aided by sympathetic expats who are promised positions in new govt/deals. now dubai is also a hub of shady deals, with strong russian mafia footprint.

the soviets have strong and deep 'contacts' in such places whether via paid moles or ideological converts. and thats where they get all the clues from , not from seychelles which was just the eventual target.

have to admire their think global strategy though. from america to zambia they cultivated contacts and moles without prejudice or budgetary constraints. we must do likewise atleast in IOR. what happens in the bedrooms, jacuzzis and boardrooms of powerful people in IOR belt must be known to us.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Lalmohan »

^^^ don't forget sheep and goat pens! :)
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by tsarkar »

I think India intervened in Seychelles after the US/UK/SA sent mercenaries allied to the former president deposed by the current president.

In the 80's, US was concerned that an independent Seychelles would be a threat to Diego Garcia and India was concerned Diego Garcia could be used to enforce a naval blockade disrupting oil and commerce. India considered Diego Garcia to be a significant threat to economic independence. It was the first superpower base in IOR.

Some white mercenaries landed by plane in Seychelles. An Air India plane landing on a scheduled flight was involved / caught in crossfire while the mercenaries were attempting a coup. The mercenaries couldnt progress beyond the airport, they went back (probably to SA).

This formalized Indian involvement in Seychelles. Memory is hazy but something on these lines happened in Seychelles.

And we do have training agreements with Madagascar and Mozambique, IN warships have patrolled Mozambique & Madagascar waters on their request multiple times.

During JVP communist uprising in Sri Lanka in mid 70s, many ships were sent to Sri Lanka to support the government. The JVP communists became thugs and turned their attention to looting/raping prosperous Tamils and falsely claimed Rich-Tamil-Victimizing-Poor-Sinhalese and started the ethnic conflict.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Stan_Savljevic »

^^ Sum, you are overly pessimistic on Indian intel and efforts and give too much credit to Soviet/US intel esp their efforts in the Indian subcontinent/IOR. With regards to Sri Lanka, you should get hold of an old book by that bbc guy, Rohan Gunaratna. It is titled, "Indian intervention in Sri Lanka, the role of India's intelligence agencies." Much of the book is ululation parade on how the RAW and IB were like major bugbears for the victim named Sri Lanka and I have absolutely no sympathy for the Sri Lankan victimist viewpoint. But even if a tiny fraction of what is reported in that book is true, RAW and IB were far ahead of their game in terms of competitors such as CIA/VoA, Soviet communist party, ISI, etc. We steered the whole movement from the mid- to late-70s from popularly dis-enfranchising TULF to guiding TELO and LTTE to fighting it out in the wake of the 83 riots to pulling the Thimpu resolution to brokering IPKF. Two of the oiseaules even famously shot at each other bang in the center of Madras city (which is Pondy Bazaar/T Nagar extension). What happened after that is too complicated to be made out as a one-liner. But in any case, I have a very good reason to believe that the Indian contribution in putting down VP to permanent sleep is far-reaching than can be (will ever be) mentioned in open literature/magazines. The coordination between India and SL in this matter was also sky-high, yet all we see by mis-informed SL patriots and crybabies is that the chinis and pakis did more for this effort than the Indians did. Humint is far more vital for intercepting a well-entrenched enemy than just supplying ammo. Well, let them live in their own cuckooland, for those who really matter which is the pol/intel/policy wings of SL, the weightage of Indian contribution is (or should be) well-known.

The same can be said about Nepal when the embargo was enforced which pulled the rug under the feat of Birendra. The whole maoist apparatus was cultivated and nurtured in India during the People's War era. GP Koirala and the whole family are from the Biratnagar area, a stone's throw from Forbesganj. We should nt grossly under-estimate Indian efforts when much of what was done is still kept a secret for good reasons. Unlike the wikileaks notes from the US embassies, much of Injun notes are shredded and remain in the heads of people who run the affairs. There is a remarkable lack of transparency that way, and memoirs are hardly written and people take their stories to the graves, but an equivalent wikileaks of Indian embassy notes will not be as juicy as one may expect it to be. As of now, things are remarkably sky-high in terms of outlook and pessimism at this point is ironic. The reverse can be said about CIA, its footprint is shrinking from the halycon days of yore because of decreased budgets and overstretching of resources. That sign was there when the 98 bum blasts were missed, not because the spy satellites did nt catch the tell-tale signs of testing activity on the D-day. But because there was no manpower to analyze data-feeds and do a SOS call to the highest authority in the night-time period. The vacuum created is, to my best understanding, gained by Indian intel in the subcontinent/IOR.
Last edited by Stan_Savljevic on 28 Oct 2011 20:44, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by sum »

The reverse can be said about CIA, its footprint is shrinking from the halycon days of yore because of decreased budgets and overstretching of resources. That sign was there when the 98 bum blasts were missed, not because the spy satellites did nt catch the tell-tale signs of testing activity on the D-day. But because there was no manpower to analyze data-feeds and do a SOS call to the highest authority in the night-time period. The vacuum created is, to my best understanding, gained by Indian intel in the subcontinent/IOR.
Stan-saar,

Hoping that what you say is 400% correct and we are really good at the cloak and dagger game since i do not have any chai-wallahs in intel side and only go by BRF( and related) info on these matters.

But, if what seasoned intel watchers on BRF like ShyamD etc mention is true, we are in real doldrums when it comes to Pak and China on intel front and are only dependent on intercepts and US inputs for any insight into those nations...thats why my pooch on that. I hope i understood wrong and our agencies are indeed doing some amazing stuff behind the scenes.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Stan_Savljevic »

Not like I have any deep throat in the flow-line, but let me tell what I can "see" on US intel. Things aint as normal as before, the essentially freebie days are gone, budgets are cut, manpower is getting reduced to essential basics or in the process of getting there. There is focus on "convergence," "synergy," "proper utilization of resources," and other brochuritis terminologies. All this means decreasing footprint however advanced tech improvements are made over existing ones and the intel is pro-actively scouring for far-reaching advances. All that search can only get so far. And when push comes to shove, someone has to fill that gap, someone who is closer and with more cash-power is more likely to fill in than someone who is far away and with comparable (but higher) cash-profile.

At the end of the day, US intel gathers far more raw data than it can ever analyze given its manpower constraints. NSA is overstretched despite the enormous clout it has. And the data is growing at an enormous rate as we speak. The only reason why the US has not witnessed any post-911 attack is because the planners of such attacks are even more inept than the comparative intelligence of the data-interceptors. And if that differential in intelligence is maintained, US will remain safe. The same cannot be said in comparing intel agencies of different countries. That is just my opinion.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by khukri »

tsarkar wrote:I think India intervened in Seychelles after the US/UK/SA sent mercenaries allied to the former president deposed by the current president.

In the 80's, US was concerned that an independent Seychelles would be a threat to Diego Garcia and India was concerned Diego Garcia could be used to enforce a naval blockade disrupting oil and commerce. India considered Diego Garcia to be a significant threat to economic independence. It was the first superpower base in IOR.

Some white mercenaries landed by plane in Seychelles. An Air India plane landing on a scheduled flight was involved / caught in crossfire while the mercenaries were attempting a coup. The mercenaries couldnt progress beyond the airport, they went back (probably to SA).

This formalized Indian involvement in Seychelles. Memory is hazy but something on these lines happened in Seychelles.

And we do have training agreements with Madagascar and Mozambique, IN warships have patrolled Mozambique & Madagascar waters on their request multiple times.

During JVP communist uprising in Sri Lanka in mid 70s, many ships were sent to Sri Lanka to support the government. The JVP communists became thugs and turned their attention to looting/raping prosperous Tamils and falsely claimed Rich-Tamil-Victimizing-Poor-Sinhalese and started the ethnic conflict.
A few details are wrong - the story is here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Hoare - Mike Mad Dog Hoare - chartered accountant and born in India and the inspiration behind the wild geese - subsequently made into a movie starring Richard Burton as a loosely modelled version of Mike Hoare
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Surya »

But, if what seasoned intel watchers on BRF like ShyamD etc
The first thing is to stop treating anyone as a Guru. You have seen the result of various "Gurus" of BRF over the years. :)

hell I do not believe half the nonsense BRaman writes nowadays

By now you should learn that.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Kanson »

It is always difficult to 'present' everywhere. US has to depend upon various west asian intel in its current war which led to infamous khost incident. In the same sense, 'failure' against known 'antagonist' doesn't mean intel is totally bad in every case and against every other country.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Aditya G »

There is always something new to learn!

Got a related story:

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes ... mike-hoare
aptain hosts his hijacker
PTI Oct 13, 2006, 04.40pm IST
NEW DELHI: They will be meeting after 25 long years but it will not take long for Captain Umesh Saxena to recognise Peter. After all, it was he who had hijacked the Air India aircraft from Mahe in Seychelles and demanded that the flight be taken to Durban in South Africa.

But for Peter Duffy, who was among the 48 mercenaries who on November 25, 1981 hijacked the Air India flight 224 from Zimbabwe, it would be fulfilment of a promise that he had made to the captain - that he would see the him again.

"I am going to ask him point blank", said Capt. Saxena, "whether they intended to blow up the aircraft. I had heard them talking to this effect saying that blowing up would destroy all evidence", he said. And, "we will recall so many things," Capt.Saxena said.

The Air India's flight from Rhodesia was on way to Mumbai, with 65 passengers and 13 crew members and was hijacked when it landed for refuelling at Mahe. The 43-strong team of mercenaries carrying an assortment of weapons demanded that the flight to be taken to Durban where the nightmare of the crew and the passengers ended after prolonged negotiations.

The flight left for India and reached Mumbai on November 28 with no harm done to either the passengers or the crew. Peter Duffy, now a photographer, actor, culinary expert and a pilot too, would spend a day with Capt.

Saxena will be in Mumbai on Saturday before leaving for Durban the same night. He would present the Captain a gift, a book on the hijack of the flight written by Mike Hoare, who had led the team of mercenaries that had stormed the flight at Mahe.

"It would be great to meet Peter. How can I forget him? A young man who did all the talking on behalf of the hijackers", Capt. Saxena said.

Peter, along with others in the team of hijackers was sentenced to five years imprisonment in Durban but released after 21 months. He took to photography and worked with Sunday Tribune and The Independent, learnt Karate and also acted in a film. After his retirement from the newspaper he was working with, Peter decided to try and fulfil his promise to meet the captain.

Capt. Saxena recalled how Peter Duffy took over from the team leader Mike Hoare once the mercenaries - all 43 of them - stormed the aircraft with the body of one of the mercenaries. "Can you fly the aircraft to Rhodesia?", Peter, talking for the hijackers had asked and settled on the flight to be taken to Durban.

As the hijackers left the plane, Peter came to me and said, "Thank you and see you again", Capt. Saxena said and also recalled that he told Peter that he would indeed like to meet him again although "not in similar circumstances". :P
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Hitesh »

I am puzzled by one thing.

Why the hell has GOI not gone after the hijackers in their own courts? After all, they hijacked an Indian plane with Indian civilians and pointed the guns to the Indian pilots to do their bidding. Why the fvck did these hijackers get off so easily? If you were to try that on an American plane, the FBI and CIA won't stop until you are either arrested or dead.

This shows why USA is number one and India is a distant 2nd or 3rd rate power when we can't even go after the hijackers. This tells me that the CBI needs to be seriously reformed.

Also, I am even surprised that South Africa was allowed to get away with this kind of sh!t. After all Soviet Union could have scored a lot of brownie points by acting all tough on South Africa and calling for sanctions or the like of it like US did against Libya for the Lockerbie bombing. India and Soviet Union should have told that b!tch Thatcher to play ball or else.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Surya »

WTf??


Whats the point of blabbering when we do not have the leverage to do these things??

And this is 25yrs ago - when we were even less powerful.

You will see likewise the USA go the otherway - slowly it will be powerless to take action as time goes by
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Sanju »

Maybe there was some action taken by GOI. We just do not know about it. There is always a quid pro quo - sometime known, mostly unknown and unheard about. That is the way it should be. This is not a Wet T-shirt contest! :D

As a Culture, we do not like to Tom-Tom our achievements. Just ask the folks who leave India for the first time and when they go for an interview - It is always We did this and We did that. It is only later on that they find that the Westerners prefer to hear the individualised "I" rather than the collective "we". It is a big barrier for us Indians to overlook the association of the ego with I and start using it. Maybe the new gen will not be facing this issue - and I am postulating here not passing a snide remark.

The Westerners on the other hand like to go to the rooftops and shout that look I did it. The cultural differences do show up when our Intel folks keep quiet and do not mention their achievements or even record them for posterity. The end goal is all that matters, it is not for consumption in a Pub/Bar or on CNN.

The flip side of this is that, as Shiv keeps writing about, we do not record history and even worse let others record our history. For our future generations, this becomes "The History", unbeknownst to them, a narrative told from the POV of the writer rather than about the written.

To put the icing on the cake, there are outdated British era Acts and Laws that discourage people from penning memoirs without getting everybody and his watchman read the script before publication. Look at the number of Soldiers (serving and retired) that we have/had in our Armed Forces and the number of books that have been published so far from that group. That may answer some questions.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by member_20030 »

Thank you for these very interesting replies.

Just to return to the initial question - does anyone have information about an IN deployment in Mozambique in 1987?

thanks very much
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by shyamd »

sum wrote: But, if what seasoned intel watchers on BRF like ShyamD etc mention is true, we are in real doldrums when it comes to Pak and China on intel front and are only dependent on intercepts and US inputs for any insight into those nations...thats why my pooch on that. I hope i understood wrong and our agencies are indeed doing some amazing stuff behind the scenes.
Saar, Its not shockingly bad. But it could be better. HUMINT wise, the less said the better. But I have said this before. IF we feel the need to get something, we can get it without too much trouble.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by sohamn »

Is there a need for a special thread for this discussion. Can't we have this discussion in the Navy Thread?
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by Hitesh »

Surya wrote:WTf??


Whats the point of blabbering when we do not have the leverage to do these things??

And this is 25yrs ago - when we were even less powerful.

You will see likewise the USA go the otherway - slowly it will be powerless to take action as time goes by
The one of the hijackers came to India and visited with Captain Naxena. So that means India had the power and ability to arrest him. Moreover, after the Cold War ended, GoI could have requested an extradition for the leader of the hijackers and the hijackers since they were not tried under a court of Indian law and no issue of double jeopardy took place.

If the hijackers had hijacked an US plane or a plane carrying US civilians, you can bet your bottom ass that after 25 years, the FBI and CIA would still be on those tail ends of these hijackers.

It is about sending a message to the rest of the world: Don't hijack our planes for any reasons whatsoever. If you don't, then Indian planes become easy pickings.
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Re: IN Navy in Mozambique 1987

Post by tsarkar »

Thanks Kukhri, what I knew was based on hearsay and gossip. Details were far in between, and it was a long time back.
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