INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

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Will
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Will »

Wonder if Marcon's visit will bring in some French Tech for the SSN program. There were reports that the IN is very interested in the French submarine reactors. Whether the French share the tech is the question.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by kit »

Gagan wrote:Singha ji
The gas generator fixed to the musharraf of the missile, is a simple explosive charge, that quickly evaporates the water in the missile silo. This explosive steam generated pushes the missile out of the silo.
For the gas generator to work, there has to be water in the silo.
And that has a very particular noise signature ..quite like early warning ultraviolet range created by Icbm s
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Gagan »

Missile ignition and ejection is a very violent activity, and will be heard across several hundreds of nautical miles
Missiles exiting the sub will also leave very smokey trails marking the spot of their exit from the water
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Gagan »

Drdo seems to have developed at least 3 types of gas generator systems for SLBM purposes
1. Is the flash charge that ignites under water and only pushes the missile out of the water, where the first stage motor ignites
This is what they use on the Brahmos and the Sagarika, and will likely ise on the Sub launched Nirbhay
2. There was talk of a gas generator which will take the sub to 6Km altitude, where the first stage motor will ignite. A gas generator that powerful is a stage in itself. ? K-4 has this
3. A gas generator system with several nozzles that is fixed to the nose tip of the SLBM. Maybe this is used in conjunction with the stage in the missile’s musharraf to provide the requiste thrust and balance to a heavy missile - K5 & beyond
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by shiv »

Will wrote:Wonder if Marcon's visit will bring in some French Tech for the SSN program. There were reports that the IN is very interested in the French submarine reactors. Whether the French share the tech is the question.
Willing to bet that nothing of the sort will happen
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Cosmo_R »

French Barracuda project’s utility to India
http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/rqltXdE ... India.html

But Shiv is right: nothing will happen. The Admiral had to justify the trip.
On his recent visit to France, India’s chief of naval staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba, was given a detailed presentation by his French hosts on the Barracuda-class, its latest nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN), the first of which is expected to be commissioned next year into the French navy.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by ramana »

Gagan wrote:Drdo seems to have developed at least 3 types of gas generator systems for SLBM purposes
1. Is the flash charge that ignites under water and only pushes the missile out of the water, where the first stage motor ignites
This is what they use on the Brahmos and the Sagarika, and will likely ise on the Sub launched Nirbhay
2. There was talk of a gas generator which will take the sub to 6Km altitude, where the first stage motor will ignite. A gas generator that powerful is a stage in itself. ? K-4 has this
3. A gas generator system with several nozzles that is fixed to the nose tip of the SLBM. Maybe this is used in conjunction with the stage in the missile’s musharraf to provide the requiste thrust and balance to a heavy missile - K5 & beyond

On these my comments:

The gas charge to push out the missile from the launch tube (LT) is good enough for non-strategic missiles as ocean currents could tilt the missile off vertical axis. Indian ocean has strong under currents as any good book on oceanography tells you.

The ocean current problem could overwhelm this solution of the half stage that ignites above water. Especially with slender (long L/D) telephone pole style missiles like the K15.
I like the ahead pull up nose motor as this powers the missile underwater and overcomes currents.
Its more complex in ignition process but worth it.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

the K4 has 1 and 2 from the fuzzy video we saw. the nose thing 2 going by the huge plume of white smoke is a solid fuel tractor stage not just a gas generator...the gas generator would be 1 at bottom of the missile.

the mighty SS18 has a discarded gas generator thats blown to the side...the size of a 1bhk house in itself...k4 would have it also.

they have never shown the K4 just as it leaves the water, but a few seconds later as the tractor motor is taking it up

sweet :D
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

what kind of devices does the M51 uber tfta have...? to me it seems like just 1
seems like a bubble creating ring around the nose also...perhaps it generates lift under the water, reduces drag and keeps it stable?
the entire body seems coated with bubbles.

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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Gagan »

Not just the balance part, the gas generator nozzle at the nose tip creates a curtain of air bubbles that envelop the SLBM as it travels through the water.
This immensely reduces the resistance that such a large missile will face when traveling.
It also prevents water ingress into the engine exhaust.

The Air bubble curtain is similar to what is seen on the Shkval supercavitating torpedos. That torpedo won't be able to travel at ~200Knots unless it is in a gas bubble.

Similar concept. Otherwise the power needed to push a ~30-50ton beast of a missile from ~50m underwater to exit the water clearly and ascend to a height of about 10-20 m would be immense. The gas generator will have to be massive, the Sub will be totally shocked out of its life to withstand any such ejection.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Gagan »

Note the nosetip nozzles on these Russian / Soviet SLBMs
Small gas generator in the bottom

Image
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

the fluid transition of the M51 from popup to 1st stage ignition is very pleasing to watch.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »



nice test program footage
- slowmo of the nose bubble thing
- filament wound stage casing - current gen football shoes are made like this of "tapes"
- some kind of metal interstage with highfi touch sensor based surface testing

#tight #strong
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by ramana »

Singha wrote:

nice test program footage
- slowmo of the nose bubble thing
- filament wound stage casing - current gen football shoes are made like this of "tapes"
- some kind of metal interstage with highfi touch sensor based surface testing

#tight #strong

Thanks very insightful video if you know what's being shown.

They gave the milestones dates when they were achieved.
program go ahead/contract signed 2000, etc.....

First and second were pad launches in 2006 and 2007, and then underwater tank launch in 2007.
To final development flight from submarine.

They show the rocket motor being tape wound.
Then the aluminum metal inter-stage based on yellow zinc chromate paint on the inside.

Also note the pockets machined to provide stiffness.
Quite expensive to machine.

And the numerous pads/brackets for instruments
Also note the white foam lining.
This shows they use fire in the hole separation : i.e. light up the ahead stage and the separation at same time. The white foam is to provide momentary thermal insulation from the SS stage motor transient.
The bubble provides smooth UWL.
Looks like M51 has both the bubble generator and an aft steam pulse from a gas generator in the submarine tube.
Then the aero-spike deploys very quickly in first stage.
After that routine flight.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Indranil »

ramana wrote: They show the rocket motor being tape wound.
Then the aluminum metal inter-stage based on yellow zinc chromate paint on the inside.
This is exactly how the third stage of PSLV and the second stage of Agni5 are currently made. The next step is to build Agni5 and Agni6 first stage in this fashion. If reports are to be believed, they have already succeeded in making the first stage of Agni4 in this fashion. And that is why, I think it is a BIG deal.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

Being more contemporary than the makeyev slbm atleast we know our glide path from the above

No good similar video exists of bulava but likelt to be very similar as borei is sized for compact fat m51 style weapon no huge hump
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Kersi »

Some questions from a good old mango man. (Please do not laugh)

Is INS Arihant an all-electric drive of mechanical drive ?
Will the other ships be all-electric drive of mechanical drive ?
Does all-electric drive submarines have electric cells ?
I believe that some phoren nuclear submarines also have a diesel generating set(s) for emergency, for power generation and propulsion ?
Does INS Arihant also have a diesel generating set(s) for emergency, for power generation and propulsion ?
Any idea about the makes of the turbined, electric motors and diesel geneartion sets on INS Arihant ?

Awaiting the reply form our submarine experts
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by JTull »

Kersi wrote:Some questions from a good old mango man. (Please do not laugh)

Is INS Arihant an all-electric drive of mechanical drive ?
Will the other ships be all-electric drive of mechanical drive ?
Does all-electric drive submarines have electric cells ?
I believe that some phoren nuclear submarines also have a diesel generating set(s) for emergency, for power generation and propulsion ?
Does INS Arihant also have a diesel generating set(s) for emergency, for power generation and propulsion ?
Any idea about the makes of the turbined, electric motors and diesel geneartion sets on INS Arihant ?

Awaiting the reply form our submarine experts
Kesri, you're again asking these kind of questions looking for potentially non-public information.

Haven't seen you make any worthwhile contribution to the discussion, so what gives you the right to demand this.

If the information is public then you can Google it. Or it is not public, in which case your aims are suspect.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by ramana »

Usually SSBN have triple drives.
Diesel gen sets that charge electric batteries to get in an out of harbor.
And nuke reactor driving turbines,
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by barath_s »

Kersi wrote:Some questions from a good old mango man. (Please do not laugh)

Is INS Arihant an all-electric drive of mechanical drive ?
Will the other ships be all-electric drive of mechanical drive ?
Does all-electric drive submarines have electric cells ?
I believe that some phoren nuclear submarines also have a diesel generating set(s) for emergency, for power generation and propulsion ?
Does INS Arihant also have a diesel generating set(s) for emergency, for power generation and propulsion ?
Any idea about the makes of the turbined, electric motors and diesel geneartion sets on INS Arihant ?

Awaiting the reply form our submarine experts
Arihant is powered by a 83 Mwth pressurised water (PWR) nuclear reactor. You can see the land prototype (installed in Kalpakkam, should be identical) here. This generates heat/steam which drives steam turbines.

The steam turbine is typically harnessed to generate electrical power (for the submarine for so called 'hotel loads'), and for propulsion. Electrical power is needed for a number of reasons such as air conditioning/oxygen/carbon dioxide, fresh water generation, lighting, heating, electrical items, running galley refrigerator, pumps, instruments, etc collectively often called 'hotel load'.

Open source tells us BARC designed the reactor with Russian consulting advice, heavy engineering corp ranchi made the reactor vessel, steam generator by bhel, pressure valves by audco, chennai. Tata Power SED did the controls. The steam turbine parts were made by Walchandnagar Industries.

Steam turbine is speculated to be of order of 15-20 Mw. It will drive the propulsion either through gearbox or through generator+electric motor.

Secondary power is typically designed in (eg when the reactor is shut down for safety "scram", or when it is at very low power ) and these will typically be powered by weak diesel engines . Auxiliary electrical storage is also usually fairly weak. It may be charged by nuclear or by diesel.

In a vessel without nuclear power, you can also have diesel or gas turbine engines that drive generators that produce electricity that are used for both propulsion and hotel loads. This is known as integrated electric propulsion or integrated full electric propulsion and it has been suggestedfor ins vishal, though it is not currently planned/decided

ie In electric drive propulsion, the primary power is used only to generate electricity and this current is used to drive electric motors (in a pod, duct etc) for propulsion (via propellor,duct etc). This is rare in naval vessels(zumwalt class, type 45 class etc and likely the forthcoming chinese 002 class carriers are/will be electric powered, despite being non nuclear).

Details of make of secondary diesel and auxiliary electrical storage for arhiant is not known publicly as is gearbox etc.

Arihant is fittedwith a combination of two sonar systems – Ushus and Panchendriya. Ushus is state-of-the-art sonar meant for Kilo Class submarines. Panchendriya is a unified submarine sonar and tactical control system, which includes all types of sonar (passive, surveillance, ranging, intercept and active). It also features an underwater communications system.

Diesel submarines require electric storage as these have to power the vessel underwater (diesel can be used through schnorkel at periscope depth but it makes the sub easier to detect). So these would be HDW 209 class,old Kilo class, and Scorpene/Kalvari class submarines in Indian navy. There are also various types of air independent propulsion that can help, but India has not yet fitted AIP to the subs. (thinking of it for the 6th Kalvari class sub and maybe retrofit). The diesel here powers a generator that powers the electric motor that drives the submarine (same as in a diesel locomotive)
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by SBajwa »

by Barath_S
Arihant is powered by a 83 Mwth pressurised water (PWR) nuclear reactor. You can see the land prototype (installed in Kalpakkam, should be identical) here. This generates heat/steam which drives steam turbines.
Sorry! Dumb question!

Where do they get fresh water to generate steam? Desalination of sea water?
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by arvin »

Usually in a reactor the steam after driving turbines is condensed into water and reused. Sea water being colder is used in the heat exchanger to take away the heat and condense the water. I dont think sea water is desalinated for use in a reactor circuit.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by tsarkar »

barath_s wrote:Arihant is fittedwith a combination of two sonar systems – Ushus and Panchendriya. Ushus is state-of-the-art sonar meant for Kilo Class submarines. Panchendriya is a unified submarine sonar and tactical control system, which includes all types of sonar (passive, surveillance, ranging, intercept and active). It also features an underwater communications system.
Panchendriya was developed for old Kalvari and Vela class submarines (Foxtrots) and the first submarine sonar. It is obsolete, decommissioned and not there in Arihant or any newer class.

https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs1/NPOL ... oducts.jsp
PANCHENDRIYA

It was the first indigenously developed integrated submarine sonar and tactical fire control system designed for Foxtrot class of submarines. The sonar consists of passive surveillance, passive ranging, intercept, active and underwater communication system.
The newer sonars USHUS, USHUS-2 & Payal arm EKM and Arihant class submarines

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp ... 371427.ece
NPOL now boasts an impressive array of advanced sonars that are part of naval inventory. Indigenous sonar Humsa (hull-mounted sonar array) has its new generation variants fitted on all frontline ships of the Navy. Compact indigenous sonar systems like Abhay have been developed by the lab for fitment on warships of smaller size. Meanwhile, submarine sonars like Ushus and its variant Payal are on board India’s conventional and nuclear submarines
https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs1/NPOL ... oducts.jsp
USHUS

USHUS is a submarine sonar suite designed for the EKM class of submarines. This is a compendium of multiple sensors for passive detection which collates different characteristics of the same target and provides target data through information fusion. The constituent sonars in the suite include passive sonar, active sonar, intercept sonar, obstacle avoidance sonar and underwater telephony.

USHUS-2

USHUS-2 is an Integrated Submarine Sonar System which physically and functionally replaces the MGK-400 and MGK-519 Sonars on four EKM class of submarines. USHUS-2 is a state of art upgrade of NPOL designed sonar USHUS in terms of the technology and sonar capabilities. USHUS is operational onboard five of the nine frontline EKM submarines of Indian Navy. USHUS-2 is a world class sonar suite, tailored for the remaining four EKM class of submarines. USHUS-2 sonar suite includes Passive Sonar, Active Sonar, Intercept Sonar, Obstacle Avoidance Sonar and Underwater Telephony. The USHUS-2 Sonar Suite has been designed and developed by NPOL and productionised by M/s. Bharat Electronics. USHUS-2 is currently in installation phase in IN designated platforms.

PAYAL

Payal is a Submarine Sonar System for submarines, comprising of a Passive, Active, Intercept and Underwater Communication System. The original version was a hardware intensive system which was later upgraded with a new compact processing system based on current technology, processing power and new algorithms bringing in better performance, reliability and maintainability.
Payal being a very common name was deliberately chosen to obfuscate in the initial stages. It still confuses, including OSI. Try googling Payal Sonar :wink:

That is how counterintelligence works
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by SBajwa »

arvin wrote:Usually in a reactor the steam after driving turbines is condensed into water and reused. Sea water being colder is used in the heat exchanger to take away the heat and condense the water. I dont think sea water is desalinated for use in a reactor circuit.
Makes sense! Thanks Arvin!
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Eric Leiderman »

There is always water lost in a steam plant. To top up this water desalinated water is used, Depending on the water requirement of the whole vessel , If high a reverse osmosis plant is used, if low an evaporator running off the reacor or engine cooling water can be used.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by barath_s »

tsarkar wrote: PAYAL
Thanks ! Will read links too
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by barath_s »

Eric Leiderman wrote:. To top up this water desalinated water is used,
Also, the crew too, needs fresh water; and are less of a closed system than the power unit. ☺️
Desalination plant or evaporator saves space, weight. The reactor anyway provides power.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Rakesh »

Payal Sonar has a very small blurb on the DRDO website and a tiny picture to go along with it. Click on the link below, lots of nice info.

https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs1/NPOL ... oducts.jsp

Image

"Payal is a Submarine Sonar System for submarines, comprising of a Passive, Active, Intercept and Underwater Communication System. The original version was a hardware intensive system which was later upgraded with a new compact processing system based on current technology, processing power and new algorithms bringing in better performance, reliability and maintainability."
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Kersi »

Rakesh wrote:Payal Sonar has a very small blurb on the DRDO website and a tiny picture to go along with it. Click on the link below, lots of nice info.

https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs1/NPOL ... oducts.jsp

Image

"Payal is a Submarine Sonar System for submarines, comprising of a Passive, Active, Intercept and Underwater Communication System. The original version was a hardware intensive system which was later upgraded with a new compact processing system based on current technology, processing power and new algorithms bringing in better performance, reliability and maintainability."
Looks Huge !!!
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

it is much bigger than set on kilo which occupies roof of the torpedo tube area.
it looks bigger than the spherical bow sonar of the american subs due to its drum shape ... may be same size.
the TT room will need to be behind this and use angled tubes.

Image
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Karan M »

Singha, so finally you get your dream of a proper full biryani being made as versus fat free gluten free, 100% vegan "light" rice preparation. :lol:
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

Cant be soon enough!

Very gratifying to see a indic design go full-caliber and no expense spared
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Philip »

The range sonars developed is very commendable.We now need to deal with LR long-endurance torpedoes which have a range outside that of the ship/sub's sonar.The 50KM+ range of the latest French torpedo and others requires a hard-kill solution for anti-torpedo warfare.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by ks_sachin »

Singha wrote:it is much bigger than set on kilo which occupies roof of the torpedo tube area.
it looks bigger than the spherical bow sonar of the american subs due to its drum shape ... may be same size.
the TT room will need to be behind this and use angled tubes.

Image
So they cant put it on existing subs?
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by arvin »

No space due to torpedo tubes on top front in diesel subs. In nuclear subs tubes are launched from 'sides'.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by prasannasimha »

See tge video on Kalvari /Scorpene class which was shown on Nat Geo. Tge torpedo tubes are in the front upper deck
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Philip »

US SSBNs/ SSNs have their torpedo rooms amidships aft of the sail and command centre.Most Russian N-subs have their torpedo room forward in a conventional layout but recent designs have adopted the amidships location with spherical sonars.Let's see what the latest Husky class expected to arrive around the middle of the next decade which will be smaller than the Yasen class ,features.
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

i wish to confirm two points.

is the forward spherical(american) or cylinder(astute?) sonar backed by a watertight pressure hull while the front of sonar is covered by a sound transparent composite radome only that is rubberised and painted black to match the hull?

and it is flooded with sea water and maintained at the same pressure as outside so that even a soft radome will not collapse at depth?

these pics have brought me to this "theory" of mine of the big sonar operating from inside a flooded chamber kept at equalized pressure to outside. sonar aint gonna work in a air cavity unlike a a radar.
Image
Image
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by kit »

Singha wrote:i wish to confirm two points.

is the forward spherical(american) or cylinder(astute?) sonar backed by a watertight pressure hull while the front of sonar is covered by a sound transparent composite radome only that is rubberised and painted black to match the hull?

and it is flooded with sea water and maintained at the same pressure as outside so that even a soft radome will not collapse at depth?

these pics have brought me to this "theory" of mine of the big sonar operating from inside a flooded chamber kept at equalized pressure to outside. sonar aint gonna work in a air cavity unlike a a radar.
i dont think the whole sonar needs to be submerged in water .... :)
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Re: INS Arihant (ATV) News and Discussion -2

Post by Singha »

Spherical sonar of a early virginia or late 688i

Is that chamber a air cavity or flooded at sea pressure?

http://www.mdc.idv.tw/mdc/navy/usanavy/E-Sonar2.htm
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