Indian Missile Technology Discussion

Rahul M · Post by **Rahul M** » 16 Dec 2008 17:59

Igorr, Austin, other russia watchers, what is the latest on the hockey puck sensor ?
and the k-100 ? long time no news.

Avinash R · Post by **Avinash R** » 16 Dec 2008 19:48

New weapon to turn enemy tanks into burning hell holes.

Indian 84mm LWL

Sid · Post by **Sid** » 16 Dec 2008 21:46

^^^ This development was revealed in DefExpo 2004.

But it is license produced Carl-Gustaf M3 http://world.guns.ru/grenade/cg_m3-1.jpg, why call it LWL

SSridhar · Post by **SSridhar** » 17 Dec 2008 20:17

Shourya's Success - TS Subramanian, Frontline

As usual, a hell of a lot of info.

V.K. Saraswat (left), Chief Controller, Research and Development, Missile and Strategic Systems, with the Shourya team led by its programme director A.K. Chakrabarti (right) and P. Venugopalan, DRDL Director. In the backdrop is the missile in a canister.

BUOYED by the successful first test of the surface-to-surface Shourya missile from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur-on-sea near Balasore in Orissa on November 12, missile technologists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) are engaged in preparing for the launch of an interceptor missile. The launch, scheduled to take place in the second half of December, will feature two missiles. While the target missile, with a range of 1,500 km, will be fired from a ship in the Bay of Bengal towards Wheeler Island, located off the Orissa coast, the interceptor missile, which will be fired from the island, will engage an incoming “enemy missile” in the terminal phase of its flight at an altitude of 80 km in the exo-atmosphere and pulverise it. The enemy missile will be a modified version of Dhanush.

There is intense high-technology work going on at the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), the Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL), and the Research Centre, Imarat (RCI), all located on the serene DRDO campus. The scientists at the ASL are furiously working on Agni-V, which will have a range of 5,000 km. Its design has been completed and development work is under way. It will be launched in 2010. The ASL is also preparing for a flight trial of Agni-IIIA in 2009. The missile will be an advanced version of Agni-II, which has a range of more than 2,500 km.

Shourya is a hypersonic missile; it can reach a velocity of Mach 6 (six times the speed of sound) even at low altitudes. On November 12, even before this “totally new” missile crossed a distance of 300 km, it reached a velocity of Mach 5, heating up its surface to 700{+0} Celsius. The missile performed an ingenuous manoeuvre of rolling to spread the heat uniformly on its surface. Its high manoeuvrability makes it less vulnerable to present-day anti-missile defence systems.

Shourya can reach targets 700 km away, carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads. It is 10 metres long and 74 cm in diameter and weighs 6.2 tonnes. It is a two-stage missile and both its stages are powered by solid propellants. Its flight time is 500 seconds to 700 seconds.

In the estimate of V.K. Saraswat, Chief Controller, Missiles and Strategic Systems, DRDO, Shourya “will rank among the top 10 missiles in the world” in its class, with its high-performance navigation and guidance systems, efficient propulsion systems, state-of-the-art control technologies and canisterised launch. It can be easily transported by road. The missile, encased in a canister, is mounted on a single vehicle, which has only a driver’s cabin, and the vehicle itself is the launch platform. This “single vehicle solution” reduces its signature – it cannot be easily detected by satellites – and makes its deployment easy.

Shourya was ejected from the canister by a gas generator, developed by the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune, and the ASL. The gas generator, located at the bottom of the canister, fires for about a second and a half. It produces high pressure gas, which expands and ejects the missile from the tube. The missile has six motors; the first one is the motor in the gas generator.The centrepiece of a host of new technologies incorporated in Shourya is its ring-laser gyroscope and accelerometer. The ring-laser gyroscope, a sophisticated navigation and guidance system made by the RCI, is highly classified technology. Advanced countries have denied this technology to India. In Shourya’s flight, it functioned exceptionally well. Its job is to monitor the missile’s position in space when it is flying. The missile’s onboard computer will use this information on the missile’s actual position to compare it with the desired position. Based on the difference between the missile’s actual and desired positions, the computer will decide on the optimum path and actuators will command the missile to fly in its desired/targeted position.

If one were to strike a comparison, the missile is akin to a human body, with the gyroscope acting like the eyes, the computer like the brain and the actuators like the hands.

M. Natarajan, Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister and Director-General of the DRDO, praised the way the ring-laser gyroscope functioned in Shourya’s flight. “We flew our own navigation system in this missile. It worked very well. This is an important step forward for the country in the navigation of missiles, aircraft and spacecraft. No other country will provide India this navigation system,” he said.

Another important feature of the missile is that it has a trajectory that is non-ballistic. This gives Shourya a big advantage in a combat environment of interception by a ballistic missile defence shield. Saraswat said: “There are many features in this missile that reduce its radar cross-section to very low values, ensuring that under no phase of its trajectory, Shourya can be detected by state-of-the-art radars. In strategic defence scenario, this missile will find an important place after it completes its development trials.”

What has focussed attention on Shourya is that it is a land variant of the DRDO’s K-15 missile launched from under water. There have been several launches of the K-15 missile, coming under the Sagarika project. The last of these took place in February 2008 from a submerged pontoon. The launch simulated the conditions of a submarine. W. Selvamurthy, Chief Controller (R&D), DRDO, asserted that the missile provided India with a second strike capability. Selvamurthy called Shourya’s flight a significant milestone in building capability for the nation in the field of missiles for both strategic and tactical applications.

A.K. Chakrabarti, programme director of the Shourya project, said the missile had several “safety interlocks” preventing it from being fired inadvertently. He said strategic missiles (that is, missiles that can carry nuclear warheads, which are used only for a show of threat) had redundancy and reliability built into them so that they were not fired accidentally. Safety interlocks provided such redundancy.

Although hypersonic missiles fly at high altitudes, what makes Shourya different is that it can fly at low altitudes. For instance, Agni variants flew at 100 km, 200 km or 500 km altitudes, reaching even Mach 15. “But Shourya flies at a relatively low altitude, even reaching Mach 6. This is the crux of the matter in terms of technology development,” Saraswat said.

Chakrabarti added: “Hypersonic missile is a new field of activity even in advanced countries. However, we have established our expertise in this field.”

Shourya lifts off from the Integrated Test Range at Balasore on November 12.

Shourya’s launch was in a canisterised form but from a silo. Half of the missile’s length was inside a pit, that is, a silo. Chakrabarti said: “You can easily put the entire missile inside the pit. Normally, the depth of the silo depends on the operation. So the depth can be 10 metres or 20 metres, depending on the place where you are going to launch it from, the condition of the ground, or safety requirements.”

Whether the missile was launched from a depth of 20 m or 40 m did not make a difference, P. Venugopalan, Director, DRDL, said. The silo had to be built accordingly. “The missile comes out of it as part of its trajectory. You must fire the main booster only after it comes out of the silo.” A tremendous amount of effort went into the design, quality assurance, and the manufacture and testing of hardware. “For a large system, you cannot afford to conduct many tests. In a few trials, you have to prove the system. Shourya has a high order of reliability,” he said.

What lends mobility to Shourya is that it can be launched from a canister mounted on a trailer. This trailer, or launcher, as it is called, was built by the Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), Pune. It has several features to absorb shocks in order to make the transport of the missile by road safe.

Chakrabarti said the canister was made of locally available high-strength, special-glass composite. The DRDO has set up a facility in the missile complex to manufacture the tube.

Dr. A. Subhananda Rao, Director, HEMRL, said: “This gas generator system should have a very high reliability of 99.997 per cent. If it fails, a lot of things will burst.” The gas generator’s propellants have a special requirement. Their burn rate should be very high, that is, three to four times more than that of the rocket’s propellants. The responsibility of the generator is to produce the gases at the required pressure so that the missile comes out of the canister within a certain velocity band. “The basic requirement is that the missile should come out of the canister within a few seconds. This is to meet the required canister-exit velocity,” Subhananda Rao said.

The first stage is fired by a motor powered by solid propellants, which has a complex grain configuration. The second stage is fired by another motor, which will take the missile to the required velocity. There are retro-motors as well. “When the first stage is separated from the second stage, it has to be decelerated to maintain the gap between the first and second stages. For separating the first stage and jettisoning it, we have pitch-and-yaw motors,” he added.

The HEMRL provides the solid propellants for powering Shourya’s various motors and the pyro devices for jettisoning the first stage. There are elaborate facilities at the 850-acre (one acre is 0.4 hectare) HEMRL complex to design and produce the solid propellants required for various missiles.

The secret of Shourya’s success, in the estimate of M.S.R. Prasad, project director, lies in its optimum configuration. The smaller the size of the missile, the lower its drag and resistance. So its packing density would be high. “Shourya has minimum weight and minimum cross-section. That gives it a high performance,” Prasad explained. If the missile’s diameter were to be large, it could be comfortable internally. But such a diameter would increase the air resistance and decrease the overall performance.

It was a young DRDO team, under the leadership of A. Joseph, project director, that built the missile. While the project team was from the DRDL, which designed Shourya, important contributions came from the ASL, the RCI, the HEMRL and the RDE (Engineers). The missile is under production by Bharat Dynamics Limited, Hyderabad.

Austin · Post by **Austin** » 17 Dec 2008 20:37

Arun Sir we have the missile info now

Shourya can reach targets 700 km away, carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads. It is 10 metres long and 74 cm in diameter and weighs 6.2 tonnes. It is a two-stage missile and both its stages are powered by solid propellants. Its flight time is 500 seconds to 700 seconds.

Nitesh · Post by **Nitesh** » 17 Dec 2008 20:44

From sridhar saar post

missile technologists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) are engaged in preparing for the launch of an interceptor missile. The launch, scheduled to take place in the second half of December, will feature two missiles. While the target missile, with a range of 1,500 km, will be fired from a ship in the Bay of Bengal towards Wheeler Island, located off the Orissa coast, the interceptor missile, which will be fired from the island, will engage an incoming “enemy missile” in the terminal phase of its flight at an altitude of 80 km in the exo-atmosphere and pulverise it. The enemy missile will be a modified version of Dhanush.

Dhaush has a range of 1500km

We SDRE are like this onlee

sunilUpa · Post by **sunilUpa** » 17 Dec 2008 21:15

India tests new rocket at Chandipur-on-sea

BALASORE: Scripting another success in the on-going defence programme, India Tuesday tested a new rocket developed by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur-on-sea.

As part of a target simulation exercise, the scientists of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and HAL conducted the test which was claimed as a ‘success’ by the defence personnel.

“The test was conducted for the first time after HAL developed and manufactured the rocket. The weapon met the mission objectives as coordinated,” said a source at the defence base here.

“The rocket was fired from an advanced light combat helicopter (ALCH) and hit a para-barrel which was used as a target for the rocket. The ALCH was, however, lifted up from Kalaikunda airbase in West Bengal,” informed the source.

Sources said, while the ITR provided all possible logistics support for the first-ever test, the HAL officials conducted the test to gauge the accuracy of the rocket and other parameters.

According to a defence scientist the rocket has a strike range of about 4 km and it is 1.5 meter in length.

“The test will further help the scientists to develop the ALCH as an advanced unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with weapon deliver capability,” he added.

I guess the report is about Helina fired from Dhruv WSI or is it the air-air missile?

Rahul M · Post by **Rahul M** » 17 Dec 2008 21:17

could be a desi rocket too.

sunilUpa · Post by **sunilUpa** » 17 Dec 2008 21:26

Rahul M wrote:could be a desi rocket too.

I think it the French A2A missile, para-barrels are for aerial target simulation. Any way WSI trials are one course.

I am bit confused by the first picture in the Frontline article (one showing the Shaurya launcher. Earlier photograph ( click here shows a different launcher.

Vikram_S · Post by **Vikram_S** » 17 Dec 2008 21:52

sid wrote:^^^ This development was revealed in DefExpo 2004.

But it is license produced Carl-Gustaf M3 http://world.guns.ru/grenade/cg_m3-1.jpg, why call it LW

india is not license producing newer variants of launcher so this is local version of the modified CG design to get it to m3 like performance

look at furniture of both CG launcher, LWL is different from the CG M3

but we would be licensing ammunition of newest type i think at OFB

Vikram_S · Post by **Vikram_S** » 17 Dec 2008 21:55

sunilUPA

first picture is this one:

http://www.drdo.org/pub/techfocus/aug04/can_mobile.jpg

it is probably taken at time of article in DRDL

second picture is of actual test with the criss cross structure surrounding canister

Sid · Post by **Sid** » 17 Dec 2008 21:56

sunilUpa wrote:India tests new rocket at Chandipur-on-sea

what a mambo-jambo. I am more confused then ever before after reading this article. And if HAL designed and built it then what was DRDO doing there? Its also confusing ALH with LCH and crossing this project with Chetak UAV.

Maybe it is developed by "DRDO", and HAL was system integrator (by bringing in its Dhruv).

Sid · Post by **Sid** » 17 Dec 2008 22:03

Vikram_S wrote: india is not license producing newer variants of launcher so this is local version of the modified CG design to get it to m3 like performance

look at furniture of both CG launcher, LWL is different from the CG M3

but we would be licensing ammunition of newest type i think at OFB

To me, it looks exactly same except the black paint and a different stand. Maybe its not license produced, but certainly is variant of CG M3.

Prasad · Post by **Prasad** » 17 Dec 2008 22:12

It was a young DRDO team, under the leadership of A. Joseph, project director, that built the missile. While the project team was from the DRDL, which designed Shourya, important contributions came from the ASL, the RCI, the HEMRL and the RDE (Engineers). The missile is under production by Bharat Dynamics Limited, Hyderabad.

Pardon my newbie question but does this imply serial production? So soon?

Vikram_S · Post by **Vikram_S** » 17 Dec 2008 22:14

that is not "paint" it is the furniture itself which means the furniture was dyed to that color
different stand again means that it is a local development
why would anyone develop different stand if it is license produced

obviously it will look similar the basic CG design works so why change

if we read the article carefully and now with some google research, after license producing first CG india make the m2 version on its own (new launcher) which was lighter than first license produced one, this is LWL which is the newer variant from ARDE

ramana · Post by **ramana** » 17 Dec 2008 22:14

Sid wrote:
sunilUpa wrote:India tests new rocket at Chandipur-on-sea
what a mambo-jambo. I am more confused then ever before after reading this article. And if HAL designed and built it then what was DRDO doing there? Its also confusing ALH with LCH and crossing this project with Chetak UAV.

Maybe it is developed by "DRDO", and HAL was system integrator (by bringing in its Dhruv).

I agree. I loved the

The ALCH was, however, lifted up from Kalaikunda airbase in West Bengal,

!

Anyway deciphering the report it means a production missile from HAL was fired from a helicopter flying in from the IAF base in Kalaikunda at a parabarrel target at Balasore and hit it. Shows whatever it is it was integrated at the airbase and flew some distance and hit the target which was dropping by parachute.

the reporter should atleast use Wren and Martin grammar book before submitting the report.

vipins · Post by **vipins** » 17 Dec 2008 22:33

heres a pic of mkIII taken in IITF 06

Vikram_S · Post by **Vikram_S** » 17 Dec 2008 22:49

what is IITF?

vipins · Post by **vipins** » 17 Dec 2008 22:55

what is IITF?

India International Trade Fair

p_saggu · Post by **p_saggu** » 17 Dec 2008 23:09

That is the carl gustav launcher. But what of the missile inside? Could the DRDO not develop a higher performance missile that can be fired from this launcher? One with enhanced anti-tank capabilities?
I think DDM churned the news into the kichadi that it seems now.

WRT the 1500Km dhanush varient being launched from sea.
This again will be a two staged modified Prithvi / Dhanush system fired off a Sukanya Class OPV from that missile stabilizer that L&T developed.
Again we see India killing two birds with one stone. India is announcing to the world that it now has the capability to hit targets in the 1500 Km range from a sea based platform. Also DRDO has to be very confident about this Dhanush's capabilities if it is going to fire it off towards chandipur from down south, with the PAD and AAD intercepting from Wheeler's midway.

Vikram_S · Post by **Vikram_S** » 17 Dec 2008 23:20

it does not say dhanush will go 1500 km, it says it is like 1500 km missile
that is, modified dhanush which will go at trajectory and speed like terminal phase of 1500 km missile

p_saggu · Post by **p_saggu** » 17 Dec 2008 23:29

My pics of the MK-III 84mm from IITF November 2008.

p_saggu · Post by **p_saggu** » 17 Dec 2008 23:51

I've got a few more...

Advanced Light Torpedo

DRDO Weapons Locating Radar. This is to show that the entire section that holds the radar rotates as it tracks the incoming shells.

Ex-Caliber and Kalantak Micro - INSAS for special forces

INSAS LMG

Milan Anti Tank Missile's Flame Launcher

1st Generation Anti Tank Guided Missile DRDO

Konkurs - M Anti Tank Missile

Konkurs - M Missile with Launcher

SA-3

OPV Goa Shipyards Ltd

OPV Specs:
Length: 106m
Breadth: 13.9m; Breadth (Moulded to Deck) : 8.5m
Draught: 3.6m
Displacement : 2200 tons
Speed : 25 Knots
Range : 6000 Nautical Miles

And anyone remember her? The MV Harsha Vardhan

Raj Malhotra · Post by **Raj Malhotra** » 18 Dec 2008 00:24

Himanshu wrote:Launcher Rail/Adapter is Russian
Seeker is from France (Mica ??)

First the Astra missile seeker was supposed to be French, then rumoured to be Israeli derby seeker copy, then prasun chor gupta wrote it to be israeli new aesa seeker, then it was supposed to be mixture of drdo+french+israeli and Now it is Russian. I wonder what new rumour will come up next

JTull · Post by **JTull** » 18 Dec 2008 16:22

Apparently, Brahmos has just been tested.

JTull · Post by **JTull** » 18 Dec 2008 16:54

New Brahmos variant successfully tested

Indrajit · Post by **Indrajit** » 18 Dec 2008 16:56

Brahmos tested from Vertical Launch Tube.

http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/18n ... tested.htm

New Brahmos variant successfully tested

December 18, 2008 15:17 IST
Last Updated: December 18, 2008 16:36 IST

A BrahMos supersonic cruise missile with a strike-range of 290 km was on Thursday successfully test-fired in a vertical launch configuration for the first time by the Indian Navy.

With this launch, BrahMos has become the world's first and only supersonic cruise missile capable of being launched from both vertical and inclined positions from naval platforms.

"BrahMos missile was successfully test fired in vertical-launch configuration from an Indian Navy ship in the Bay of Bengal on Thursday," Defence Ministry sources said in New Delhi [Images].

The test, the sources said, was carried out at noon from a moving Rajdoot class warship. The vertical launcher used in the test has been designed and developed by the Indo-Russian joint venture BrahMos Corporation.

"The test has proved and demonstrated the new universal vertical launcher designed and developed by the Corporation," they said, adding, "The mission objectives of the test were fully achieved."

The launch, carried out in presence of senior Navy officers and DRDO scientists, will give a boost to the future deployment of BrahMos in the naval platforms, they said.

"This will give a boost to ongoing programme of future ship installation for the missile. It will be installed in vertical launch configuration in all the future ships of the Indian Navy. This will include the both ships under construction and the ones who come back to shipyards for refurbishment," the sources added.

Indian Navy's second line of Talwar Class ships, under construction in Russia's [Images] Kaliningrad Shipyard, will also be equipped with new universal vertically launcher modules.

"Indian Navy's second line of Talwar Class ships, known as the 1135.6 Class in Russia, will also have these vertical launchers," the sources said.

BrahMos has already been inducted in INS Rajput ship in inclined configuration and its land launched version is also in service with the Indian Army [Images].

The IAF is carrying out structural modifications on the Su-30MKI aircraft to develop an air launched version of the missile.

Attempts of integrating the missile in submarines are also on at Russian shipyards.

During the recent visit of Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov to India, both sides agreed on developing a hypersonic version of the missile to be known as BrahMos-2.

Kakarat · Post by **Kakarat** » 18 Dec 2008 19:07

EXCLUSIVE Photos: India's Shourya missile test Part-I - Shiv Aroor

vavinash · Post by **vavinash** » 18 Dec 2008 20:21

So which R-class ship is equipped with VLS brahmos? It makes sense to equip the last 3 with VLS brahmos since they have 8-10 years left in them.

p_saggu · Post by **p_saggu** » 19 Dec 2008 08:59

I think there was a plan to remove the helocopter lift in the aft of the Rajput class and put in a VLS Brahmos cell there. But clearly with the ships replacing their styx missiles with 4 inclined Brahmos up front means that this is now not planned.

That said, IN ships seriously need to carry a large number of LACMs. Even the chinese Type 52c - those with the phased array radar (The entire design looks like a rip off of the Arleigh Burke flight II) carry something like 48 vls cells with a mix of LACM / Anti ship / SAMs in rotatory launchers.

I think for a destroyer of 6 - 7000 ton displacement, the firepower should resemble what the Arleigh Burke Class deploys. That means that DRDO needs to speed up the Nirbhay and bring it in service pronto.

There was a 2005 article about GPS guided JDAM kits being developed in pune with a testing date circa end of 2006 - whatever happened on that fornt? The article mentioned a 100 km range GPS guided munition with a cep of 3-4 meters.

Kakarat · Post by **Kakarat** » 19 Dec 2008 09:00

EXCLUSIVE Photos: India's Shourya missile test Part 2 - Shiv Aroor

narayana · Post by **narayana** » 19 Dec 2008 09:59

India builds defence missile shield with US

India is soon to sign a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the United States to boost its missile defence system. The MoU is aimed at giving India the state of the art technology that will allow it to intercept any threat from ballistic missiles.

Do we need US Help on this?

vavinash · Post by **vavinash** » 19 Dec 2008 10:04

Maybe not for missiles but US has better radars than Green pine or the modified one we have.

Yogi_G · Post by **Yogi_G** » 19 Dec 2008 10:11

narayana wrote:India builds defence missile shield with US

India is soon to sign a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the United States to boost its missile defence system. The MoU is aimed at giving India the state of the art technology that will allow it to intercept any threat from ballistic missiles.
Do we need US Help on this?

Currently we have only demonstrated ability to hit a incoming a ballistic missile in the terminal phase. probably "Any threat" means the other phase of the ballistic missile's flight perhaps???? Heck even the Americans have not been very successful with regards to the other phases...

Hiten · Post by **Hiten** » 19 Dec 2008 10:34

tsriram wrote:
Pardon my newbie question but does this imply serial production? So soon?

Might have something to do with this

For a large system, you cannot afford to conduct many tests. In a few trials, you have to prove the system.

kit · Post by **kit** » 19 Dec 2008 10:35

If you really want to know.. American s have a talent for scouring the globe for the best brains to work for them.Now whats the best way to find out who is behind the Indian successes.There might be some real brain drain from DRDO real soon.If i hadnt seen it actually happening , i would nt have written it.I could even tell you how exactly it is going to happen.This was just a matter of time after the successful missile tests.You maybe able to witness the same 'phenomenon' in the nuclear field a few years from now.
Well when you have a real 'hold' inside the Indian establishment, what is there to worry for the Americans.. they can get what and who ever they want

And btw there wont be any Indian missile shield, there would be an American one for India built with Indian brains and money.

vavinash · Post by **vavinash** » 19 Dec 2008 11:58

DRDO had already rejected the idea of jointly developing a missile shield. This would seem to be a trial balloon from americans. Rest assured DRDO or IA will never accept a ABM that we did not build or control.

Kakarat · Post by **Kakarat** » 20 Dec 2008 09:09

Photo: BrahMos vertically launched from INS Ranvir - Shiv Aroor

http://frontierindia.net/album/main.php?g2_itemId=834

p_saggu · Post by **p_saggu** » 20 Dec 2008 18:16

For now the Americans want in on the scheduled ABM test this month. Shourya / K-15, AIII / V, PAD / AAD etc have convinced them that India is flying high on the steep technology curve, and they want a piece of the action. Really have to appreciate that this nation takes its own security seriously - they are willing to join in with a program that they've sanctioned in the past because it suits their interests now. This selfishness that they exhibit towards their security needs to be appreciated and emulated...

Ananth · Post by **Ananth** » 21 Dec 2008 05:32

narayana wrote: Do we need US Help on this?

First of all that report is from Bennett&Coleman group where one can get news-pitches by paying them money. Secondly that report's headline does not correlate with the content. It says we will sign MoU with US, it does not mean that US has helped us in any of our preparations. Still if we were to believe that report, it shows incoherency in US policy. If US claims it is assisting (or going to assist) India with Missile Defence tech, its commerce dept. is lynching people for trading in obsolete i960 processors. So before US starts marketing itself in India, it should confirm from its commerce dept whether it is a legitimate thing to do or not.