Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

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shaun
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by shaun »

Vips wrote:Gaganyaan: Space suits for India’s first manned space mission astronauts under production in Russia.

Russian research and development enterprise ‘Zvezda’ has started manufacturing of space suits for the Indian astronauts, who are likely to be part of India’s first manned space mission ‘Gaganyaan’, a Russian organisation said on Monday.

Research, Development and Production Enterprise Zvezda, a subsidiary of Russian space organisation Roscosmos, has started manufacturing personal flight equipment for the Indian cosmonauts undergoing training in Russia, Glavkosmos said on Monday.

Sub-Himalayan districts of West Bengal receive heavy rainfall, more in storeWildlife activists, however, disagree on a blanket ban on the tourist spots in the reserve forest areas.Plea to defer resuming parks, zoos, sanctuaries for natural rejuvenation of biodiversity

Glavkosmos is a subsidiary of Roscosmos with which the Human Spaceflight Center (HSC) of the city-based Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has signed a contract to train the Indian astronauts.

“On September 3, Indian cosmonauts who have been training for a spaceflight in Russia under the contract of Glavkosmos, visited Zvezda, where their anthropometric parameters were measured for the subsequent production of spacesuits,” Glavkosmos CEO Dmitry Loskutov said.

The contract also provides for the production of individual seats and custom-made couch liners, he added. The contract for the production and delivery of individual equipment kits for Indian astronauts was signed by Glavkosmos and the HSC on March 11.

Four Indian Air Force fighter pilots are currently under training in Russia since February 10, and likely to be the potential candidates for Gaganyaan project. Gaganyaan, India’s first manned mission to space, was planned around 2022. However, the ISRO has indicated that it may be delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown induced by it.
So the hoopla around development of Indigenous space suite was a hoopla after all
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by chola »

Prem Kumar wrote:Disagree on this point. Unlike Americans, India put lives over economy. The lockdowns were more severe. This shows up in the death tolls.

Given that Corona is a one-off 10X type event, I wouldn't blame any organization for slipping deadlines
Then why haven't our auto industry shut down for the whole year? Or even our airlines? Far far far more lives are at stake in those industries.

There is an assault on space now that is not led by a scientists and researchers. It is led by private and state operated enterprises that launch rain or shine like any other industries because it is a business now in those countries like cars and airlines are in ours.

Space is just a mass-produced vehicle away from being colonized. The US, Russia, EU and Cheen are creating this industry. We need to be here as an industry as well that can mass produce things not a lab experiment here or there on a shoestring budget with no commercial relevance. Otherwise, we could one day see the amreekis, chinis and russkies strip-mining the moon and have no recourse.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Varoon Shekhar »

dinesha wrote:ISRO's GISAT-1, Microsat-2A, GSAT-12R and RISAT-2BR2 satellites are ready for launch
https://www.businessinsider.in/science/ ... 167056.cms
Very good _sounding_ news! So the GSLV Mark 2 with GISAT-1 launch will be first, going by this. Hoping it's soon!
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by dinesh_kimar »

shaun wrote:So the hoopla around development of Indigenous space suite was a hoopla after all
Saar, I haven't seen any ISRO promise for Indigenous space suit.

They promised a local capsule modelled on Soyuz, manned by 4 strapping , good looking desi IAF men with Russian training, and by God, they will deliver!

Also, the space suit is not something easy, it's a mini spacecraft with own breathing and propulsion, can do EVA and keep people alive in outer space.
The timeline promised for manned mission has plenty of challenges as it is...
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by darshan »

Risk reductions and budgets. The design can be in house and manufactured and at a known place along with testing and validation. GoI would have had to have given enough budget and time to create all ancillary industries to get all done in house.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by shaun »

dinesh_kimar wrote:
shaun wrote:So the hoopla around development of Indigenous space suite was a hoopla after all
Saar, I haven't seen any ISRO promise for Indigenous space suit.

They promised a local capsule modelled on Soyuz, manned by 4 strapping , good looking desi IAF men with Russian training, and by God, they will deliver!

Also, the space suit is not something easy, it's a mini spacecraft with own breathing and propulsion, can do EVA and keep people alive in outer space.
The timeline promised for manned mission has plenty of challenges as it is...
Kindly Google, enough news , courtesy ISRO
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by darshan »

Quick look shows: 1) ISRO getting a patent for LCHG 2) some company in vadodara saying that they have designed a suit that meets ISRO requirements but not claiming to receive any contract from ISRO.


https://m.timesofindia.com/city/ahmedab ... 579315.cms
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Varoon Shekhar »

^
Hi, what is LCHG, couldn't find the direct reference in the article. That suit sounds good, though someone on BR made a distinction between this suit and the ones being provided by Russia. Maybe there isn't really a difference? In which case an explanation is owed by ISRO :)

Okay got it- liquid cooling and heating garment- just didn't see it in the article
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by jaysimha »

India currently has 49 satellites serving various applications in Earth’s orbit and four more are ready for launch in 2020. Dr. P Kunhikrishnan, Director of ISRO’s UR Rao Satellite Centre said on Friday.
https://zeenews.india.com/india/india-h ... %20Friday.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by jaysimha »

Prof. Satish Dhawan Birth Centenary Programme

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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by AdityaM »

https://jatan.space/missing-science-from-mangalyaan/
According to ISRO’s official list of publications, there have been only 27 peer-reviewed papers relating to Mangalyaan, after six years in orbit. In contrast, MAVEN has helped produce many seminal scientific results about the martian atmosphere, with a repository of at least 500 papers and growing. What’s more concerning about Mangalyaan’s short publications list is that about half of those are simply engineering descriptions of the mission, not scientific results from the mission.
...

ISRO has made data from Mangalyaan’s five indigenous science instruments available on their data portal for five years now, and has explicitly welcomed the Indian science community to publish papers. In 2017, ISRO announced at the mission’s dedicated science meet that 32 research teams across the country are exploring and analyzing Mangalyaan data. And yet, there is a huge vacuum of publications.
...

Perhaps the most notable failure concerns the much-hyped methane sensor. The instrument was supposed to globally map methane with a sensitivity of parts per billion, to help decide if the methane on Mars could be a sign of subsurface life. But two years after launch, the instrument was found to have a design flaw and so it can’t detect methane at all. At that point, ISRO repurposed the methane sensor as an albedo mapper, which measures sunlight reflected from the surface to get hints about Mars’ surface composition
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Amber G. »

The Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope, UVIT has completed five years aboard Astrosat mapping uncharted regions and phenomena.
Designed and fabricated by a consortium led by Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, is a marvelous piece of engineering-- a testimony to the power of several scientific agencies working together in multidisciplinary mode with a shared purpose.
Congratulations.

For interested people one link: https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/ ... 62531.html
Last edited by Amber G. on 30 Sep 2020 22:22, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Amber G. »

In my humble opinion ...

This article has been making rounds..to me it looks like crude hit piece written (and/ or edited and published) by a person with very little understanding of science to impress those who may not also understand science. There is no doubt MOM was successful and India ought to be proud...there will be people who will whine that the cup is 1% empty (rather than 99% full).

I started reading the article but it is so bad that stopped.

It is okay to critique but one must have some minimum understanding and background. This article is just bad.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Varoon Shekhar »

^
Yes congrats to ISRO et al on Astrosat even a layman can tell it's an exceptional satellite.

Very sour article on Mangalyaan "The missing science..." No appreciation expressed for the achievement or the observations of MOM. Here by contrast, is a very acknowledging video by a non-Indian! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LW4PLbguuE8

Also, one of the first things anyone should mention is the full-disk imagery of Mars that Mangalyaan provides. Evidently, this is rare, and has in the past missions been confined only to 'imaging on approach'. Whereas Mangalyaan gives it repeatedly.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Vips »

ISRO to launch its Venus mission in 2025, France to take part: French space agency.

ISRO is scheduled to launch its Venus mission in 2025 and France will participate in it, French space agency CNES said on Wednesday. The VIRAL
(Venus Infrared Atmospheric Gases Linker) instrument co-developed with the Russian federal space agency Roscosmos and the LATMOS atmospheres, environments and space observations laboratory attached to the French national scientic research centre CNRS has been selected by the ISRO after a request for proposals, it said in a statement.

ISRO chairman K Sivan and CNES president Jean-Yves Le Gall held talks and reviewed the areas driving cooperation between France and India in space.

"In the domain of space exploration, France will be taking part in ISRO's mission to Venus, scheduled to launch in 2025. CNES will coordinate and prepare the French contribution, the rst time a French payload will be own on an Indian exploration mission," CNES said in a statement.

However, there was no comment from ISRO.

After the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and Moon missions Chandrayaan-1 and 2, ISRO has set its eyes on Venus for carrying out its inter-planetary mission.

France and India share a robust collaboration in arena of the space. It is one of the three nations with whom India collaborates in the strategic sectors of nuclear, space and defence -- the other two being the US and Russia.

In March 2018, the two countries also issued a 'Joint Vision for Space Cooperation'. India and France are also working on ISRO's human space mission Gaganyaan project, which aims to send three Indians to space by 2022.

Since September 2018, CNES and ISRO have set up a working group focused on cooperation in the field of human spaceflight, the French agency said.

"The two nations are pooling their expertise, notably in the domains of space medicine, astronaut health monitoring and life support. Initial exchanges have concentrated on training for India's ight physicians and technical teams and the supply of CNES ight systems," it added.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by basant »

Strategic Frontier/@strategic_front
#ISRO's next hypersonic scramjet test will be using the ADMIRE VTVL rocket. The ADMIRE is essentially the booster of GSLV Mk2 with 4 landing legs & 4 grid fins. Both stages of the rocket are experimental, it will be challenging to get them both right. The dates aren't known yet.

Image

Image

Image
7:00 AM · Oct 1, 2020
An old link
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by csaurabh »

AdityaM wrote:https://jatan.space/missing-science-from-mangalyaan/
According to ISRO’s official list of publications, there have been only 27 peer-reviewed papers relating to Mangalyaan, after six years in orbit. In contrast, MAVEN has helped produce many seminal scientific results about the martian atmosphere, with a repository of at least 500 papers and growing. What’s more concerning about Mangalyaan’s short publications list is that about half of those are simply engineering descriptions of the mission, not scientific results from the mission.
...

ISRO has made data from Mangalyaan’s five indigenous science instruments available on their data portal for five years now, and has explicitly welcomed the Indian science community to publish papers. In 2017, ISRO announced at the mission’s dedicated science meet that 32 research teams across the country are exploring and analyzing Mangalyaan data. And yet, there is a huge vacuum of publications.
...

Perhaps the most notable failure concerns the much-hyped methane sensor. The instrument was supposed to globally map methane with a sensitivity of parts per billion, to help decide if the methane on Mars could be a sign of subsurface life. But two years after launch, the instrument was found to have a design flaw and so it can’t detect methane at all. At that point, ISRO repurposed the methane sensor as an albedo mapper, which measures sunlight reflected from the surface to get hints about Mars’ surface composition
This article is OK.
I detest the generation of publications as a measure of doing science or research, but if you are going to do it that way, then yes not much science has been done with Mangalyaan.

The probable reason being that the indigenous science instruments have not worked to their full potential ( one we already know has design flaw ). Btw, I would guess they are probably only about 30% 'indigenous'. We don't really make sophisticated electromagnetic or electro-optic sensors in the country. So its no surprise if ISRO also sucks at making them.

Mangalyaan while being a great achievement has also created a sort of impression that if we can launch something to Mars, that all izz well. The truth is that all izz not well. We are still a terribly technologically backward country. Just go back a page and I have listed several examples of continuing imports which ISRO and other organizations are heavily reliant on.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by disha »

csaurabh wrote:We are still a terribly technologically backward country. Just go back a page and I have listed several examples of continuing imports which ISRO and other organizations are heavily reliant on.
If that is the criteria then US is an even more technologically backward country.

CSaurabh'ji, I have noticed a pattern in your posts. It is to continually run down institutions and achievements. You might want to re-examine and see why so negativity? And frustration?
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Mort Walker »

disha,

We can disagree with csaurabh, but he lives in India and works with ISRO. He's a private space entrepreneur trying to run a business. I'm inclined to listen to what he has to say, and listen carefully, then make objective judgments.

The space industry is inherently tied to the MIC, which is woefully lacking. This is why programs like Arihant, IAC, Tejas LCA, Arjun, Aakash, Dhanush, Brhamos and others so important in the long run. They build up the technical and scientific base.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by csaurabh »

Mort Walker wrote: The space industry is inherently tied to the MIC, which is woefully lacking. This is why programs like Arihant, IAC, Tejas LCA, Arjun, Aakash, Dhanush, Brhamos and others so important in the long run. They build up the technical and scientific base.
I would take it a step further. I think the term MIC itself is outdated in the modern context. There isn't really a military industry anymore, except for things like guns and ammunition. Otherwise everything is produced by the civilian technology industry itself, which also caters to the military industry requirements. That is how things have evolved in the advanced countries.

The reason that our mil-tech industry is backward is because our civilian industry is backward, not the other way round. Space industry is no exception to this. There hardly exists any ecosystem in the country for advanced sensors or scientific instruments. About 80-90% of scientific instruments in our labs are outright imports, with the rest having high levels of imported components. Making of scientific instruments requires an advanced manufacturing ecosystem in the country, which also doesn't really exist. Interesting thing is that advanced manufacturing involves quite a bit of scientific knowhow and instruments, which doesn't exist.. It is quite a chicken and egg problem.

In such a scenario how would you expect that ISRO will magically come up with amazing indigenous sensors and instruments , of course they can't. The so called indigenous payloads are probably just assembled with imported components, not too far ahead of how Samsung assembles smartphones in Noida. And in the case of Mangalyaan they seem to have been assembled in quite a hurry, as the much touted methane sensor turned out to be incapable of detecting methane at all, which is such an obvious problem that it should have been spotted almost immediately under testing but somehow wasn't.

The solution to this isn't to import payloads from NASA under the guise of 'collaboration' (as the author of the article suggested ), but to painstakingly develop an indigenous base for serious instrument making and advanced manufacturing. It is difficult but not impossible, there are many glimmers of hope ( We are trying to be one of them :D ). But we should be realistic about where we stand as a country and not have delusions..
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Vips »

Post Monsoon DRDO has started the missile testing so why is ISRO still in Covid induced inertia? It has a lot of catching up to do as it is comatose since March. To begin with i hope there are launches soon from both the Launch pads with minimum interval. With 2 launch pads a couple of launches every 4-6 weeks is doable to wipe off the backlog.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Kakarat »

Vips wrote:Post Monsoon DRDO has started the missile testing so why is ISRO still in Covid induced inertia? It has a lot of catching up to do as it is comatose since March. To begin with i hope there are launches soon from both the Launch pads with minimum interval. With 2 launch pads a couple of launches every 4-6 weeks is doable to wipe off the backlog.
For south actual rain starts post mid October till December (northeast monsoon) so don't expect too many launches this calendar year.

Unlike a missile test the scale of activity for space launch is very high.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Vips »

So why was the time period from August-October wasted? Why was there not a single launch?? The SSLV has been delayed since last July. This should have been ready. Is Covid only a convenient excuse for delays.....
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by darshan »

csaurabh wrote: The solution to this isn't to import payloads from NASA under the guise of 'collaboration' (as the author of the article suggested ), but to painstakingly develop an indigenous base for serious instrument making and advanced manufacturing. It is difficult but not impossible, there are many glimmers of hope ( We are trying to be one of them :D ). But we should be realistic about where we stand as a country and not have delusions..
Just by not having a desi Test Equipment company means lot of funds leaving India and opportunities lost to create engineers from analog to digital ends of the spectrum. Then you add in other things like thermal chambers, anechoic chambers, chillers, etc. So many engineers could have been put to work along with keeping funds in the country. Is there even a Desi company that has monopoly on ESD protection devices? Or does that also get imported?
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Mort Walker »

darshan wrote:
csaurabh wrote: The solution to this isn't to import payloads from NASA under the guise of 'collaboration' (as the author of the article suggested ), but to painstakingly develop an indigenous base for serious instrument making and advanced manufacturing. It is difficult but not impossible, there are many glimmers of hope ( We are trying to be one of them :D ). But we should be realistic about where we stand as a country and not have delusions..
Just by not having a desi Test Equipment company means lot of funds leaving India and opportunities lost to create engineers from analog to digital ends of the spectrum. Then you add in other things like thermal chambers, anechoic chambers, chillers, etc. So many engineers could have been put to work along with keeping funds in the country. Is there even a Desi company that has monopoly on ESD protection devices? Or does that also get imported?
I believe Havells that makes industrial switchgear equipment and has some ESD protection. It is likely they make something for use by Indian Railways (which is mostly electric now) and for BHEL.

Test and measurement equipment manufacturing just for its own sake will give little return, but specific T&M equipment for a particular use may be worth developing from scratch.

The problem is not making your own sensors from the ground up, which can come at a later time frame; but the whole issue of integrating entire electronic, electro-mechanical, mechanical components from commercial use for the defense and aerospace sectors. The experience gained in making assemblies as LRUs needed by these sectors would go a long way. Importing entire platforms for defense and aerospace is the wrong way to go. Indigenous platforms which start with custom LRUs from foreign manufacturers is the start, from there domestic industries pick up the pace. The experience of assembling the hardware and software, testing and then contracting out LRUs and custom test fixtures will give a mighty boost to the knowledge base of millions of technicians, engineers, and scientists.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by jaysimha »

NCMDAO-2020, the 3rd edition of the National Conference on Multidisciplinary Design, Analysis and Optimization (NCMDAO)
https://www.ncmdao.org/assets/Brochure.pdf
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by jaysimha »

ISRO plans to launch new rocket before Dec 2020
Chennai :The Indian space agency is working towards launching its new rocket ‘Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)’ before December 2020, said a senior official.
October 6, 2020
https://nationalchronicle.in/national/i ... -dec-2020/
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Ashokk »

India's Own 'Space Shuttle': ISRO Likely To Test Ground Landing Of Its Reusable Launch Vehicle By End Of This Year
"We are planning to test the Reusable Launch Vehicle's landing in Chitradurga District in Karnataka. We want to do the test in November/December this year," S Somanath, Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) -- part of ISRO -- told IANS.

As per plans, the RLV will be lifted up by a helicopter and from the height of four km it will be released.

Post release by the helicopter, the RLV will glide and navigate towards the runway and land on its own in an airfield in Chitradurga District deploying its parachute, Somanath said.

According to ISRO, RLV Interface System (RIS) for interfacing with helicopter and Qualification Model of landing gear have been realised.

Simply put, RLV will ascend to orbit, stay there, re-enter and land on a runway like an aircraft. The technology has the challenges of meeting the complexities of both -- a rocket and an aircraft.

According to Somanath, about 30-40 ISRO officials have to be taken to Chitradurga and stay there for about two weeks.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by jaysimha »

Emergence of Satellite Technology to Improve Quality of Life in India: a way forward
https://www.ndrf.res.in/whatsnew.html
https://www.ndrf.res.in/doc/NSS-NIC-WSW%20-2020.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_ ... ia+Chapter



ISRO – past – present & future by Shri AS Kiran Kumar
Scheduled for Oct 10, 2020
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by jaysimha »

Big detailed poster of Gaganyaan

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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Varoon Shekhar »

Is there any reason they are not doing a vertical take off of the RLV, with a horizontal landing( as opposed to an air dropped attempt). Is that in the works, after a successful helicopter release and landing?
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by hnair »

Varoon Shekhar wrote:Is there any reason they are not doing a vertical take off of the RLV, with a horizontal landing( as opposed to an air dropped attempt). Is that in the works, after a successful helicopter release and landing?
Funding seem frugal for this one. Still a small team.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by k prasad »

Varoon Shekhar wrote:Is there any reason they are not doing a vertical take off of the RLV, with a horizontal landing( as opposed to an air dropped attempt). Is that in the works, after a successful helicopter release and landing?
You crawl before you can walk. You walk before you can run. And you run before you can fly.

Also, you test different functionalities, systems, and modes separately, both to save costs, as hnair-saar eruditely pointed point ( a helo flight is way less expensive than expending a rocket just for a landing trial), to ensure that data points are not subject to other issues (errors cascade, so you don't want an unproven system in the launch and guidance part of the flight to interfere with the landing dynamics), and to derisk the testing regime as a whole.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Mollick.R »

X-post from India US thread.


Back in 1992, Joe Biden made sure that India does not get access to cryogenic tech for its space programme

by Akshay Narang, October 2020

The Democratic US Presidential candidate Joe Biden wants us to believe that he is a close friend of India. Is he? A 1992 Los Angeles Times report suggests otherwise. Back then, Joe Biden turned out to be the biggest saboteur of India’s ambitious space programme. In the 1990s, India was looking to get the Cryogenic technology from the Russian Space Agency, Glavkosmos, at $250 million, which would have played an important role in missions involving heavy satellites going deeper into Space.

However, the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee imposed a condition on the $24 billion international assistance that the US was providing to Moscow. The Senate Committee voted to block further American aid to Russia if Moscow went ahead with the $250 million deal with India. The man who moved the amendment in US aid to Russia was Joe Biden himself. Russia, which was passing through a deep economic crisis, following the Soviet breakup at the time, had to comply with the US Senate’s amendment.

Joe Biden pulled back India’s Space programme by several years if not decades. He had even called Indo-Russia agreement for the supply of two cryogenic engines to India ‘dangerous’. Biden had then said, “I am confident that the Russian leaders will recognize the wisdom of stopping this sale once they see the risk of losing their economic aid.” He had added, “this is no minor sale; this is dangerous.



https://tfipost.com/2020/10/back-in-199 ... programme/
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by prasannasimha »

Varoon Shekhar wrote:Is there any reason they are not doing a vertical take off of the RLV, with a horizontal landing( as opposed to an air dropped attempt). Is that in the works, after a successful helicopter release and landing?
It was planned this way from the beginning - the landing experiment tests a whole different set of things compared to HEX. The flight envelope till this stage has been tested. So this will be tested separately. Dat from this can be integrated. FWIW multiple drops can be done to analyze if required.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Indranil »

Mollick.R wrote:X-post from India US thread.
https://tfipost.com/2020/10/back-in-199 ... programme/
Nobody is clean. The article conveniently leaves out the detail that the committee made of Republicans and Democrats unanimously voted 19-0 in favor of the ban! The committee allow the President (then Bush senior) to overturn the verdict. He did not.

By the way, I never had problems accessing the original article. Here it is:
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm ... story.html
Mort Walker
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Mort Walker »

Nobody is clean. The article conveniently leaves out the detail that the committee made of Republicans and Democrats unanimously voted 19-0 in favor of the ban! The committee allow the President (then Bush senior) to overturn the verdict. He did not.
Bush-I is long gone and of the 19 who voted for the ban, only 1 is the forerunner for POTUS come Jan. 2021. Of the individuals involved, Biden who spearheaded this, is relevant now and should make us all pause and think for a moment.
Amber G.
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Amber G. »

Here we go again.../sigh/
FWIW - some really bizarre post(s) - conspiracy theories, and some outright silly narratives - if you ask me (and I believe any knowledgeable person).
Let me just post what Kasparov (Chess world Champ - now a prolific author on many different things):
The truth takes time and care, and there is only one. Lies are instant and infinite, and can be custom-made to attract a media and public with little time, ability or interest in sifting through them.
Varoon Shekhar
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Re: Indian Space Program: News & Discussion - Sept 2016

Post by Varoon Shekhar »

https://www.isro.gov.in/effects-of-glob ... er-mission

Observations/discoveries by Mangalyaan..


Terrestrial planets in the solar system are constantly losing their atmospheres to outer space. The rate at which this loss happens is determined mainly by the size of a planet and temperature of its upper atmosphere. Mars, being a relatively smaller planet compared to Earth, is losing its atmosphere at a faster rate. This loss rate, however, is altered by the changes in the upper atmospheric temperature. Therefore, characterizing the Martian upper atmosphere is extremely important to understand this loss rate and is one of the primary goals of the recent missions to Mars such as NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM). A glob

In the first week of June 2018, a global dust storm started growing on Mars and it has grown to its mature phase by the first week of July, 2018. The growth of the global dust storm can be seen in the bottom panel of Figure 1 which shows the 9.3μm infrared absorption column dust optical depth (CDOD) near the Mars surface. Larger values of CDOD indicate more dust on Mars. During this time, MOM spacecraft observed the evening side of Mars by diving down to altitudes as low as 155 km. The Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) instrument,
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