Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

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nandakumar
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by nandakumar »

Vadivel
I am in agreement with you that UPI transactions should not be subjected to a charge, though not for the reasons that you cite namely, that it is a 'public good'. It should not be subject to a levy because the banks are already benefiting from it. I did a back-of-the-envelope calculation sometime ago but unfortunately lost the workings. In June 2018, RBI Bulletin reported that public withdrew Rs2 lakh crore from ATMs. By June 2022 the figure had barely moved up even though savings account deposits have gone up by 40% in the meanwhile. Since ATM withdrawals are directly correlated to monies lying in Savings accounts, banks have been able to deploy an additional Rs 80,000 crore in loans/investments because public are less inclined to keep money in their cupboards or in their wallets for their transactional needs. That Rs 80,000 crore would have fetched them Rs 6,400 crore in incremental profits. Surely a part of that can be shared with PhonePe or GPay.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Suraj »

An interesting argument. I agree with it but would reword it as nandakumar stated. Personally I would lay out all of the information and then talk about the conclusion. Furthermore, the argument about banks already taking our money can be more nuanced. What UPI has driven with spectacular success is the broad and rapid formalisation of the economy. Part of this is - as nandakumar said - access to a substantially greater deposit base because people are now depending on formal banking backed by UPI as an interface. A user fee is a pointless penny-pinching approach where instead income can be earned behind the scenes from the volume and deposit base.

I used UPI for the first time a couple of months ago. It is absolutely breathtaking in its scope and ubiquity. Large swathes of the developed west - the US included - are nowhere close. That sort of context can be very helpful and a positive argument - don't damage what is today the world's greatest RTPS.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Rahul M »

gakakkad wrote:....
Long time no see saar. Welcome back!
I remember you wanted to start a medical device making firm. Did you get around to it?
Cheers!
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by ArjunPandit »

i for some reason see two trends not being adequately covered in MSM
1. Relative decline of west, esp Europe
2. Steady rise of India
My spider sense is after this winter movement will accelerate on 1 & 2, esp 1 due to europeans being squeezed at wrong places by putin..i am withholding to say a few things..but this will be an interesting winter
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by yensoy »

^^^^ Europeans need to be upfront with the Americans and basically repeat Dr Jaishankar's words. If the US wants to ban Russian oil fine, but they have to open up Iran and Venezuela. Europe has problems with neither regime, what they are lacking are the ba!!s to tell that to Unkil.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Cyrano »

The recent paroxysm of "making Russia pay" of the EU has revealed in full splendor the gross incompetence, mismanagement and wokism of the EU mandarins and the confusion they create wrt sovereign decision making and action mandate - which paralyses EU more the bigger challenge it faces.

EU conceptually is a set of circuit breakers - to prevent EU countries from warring with each other by creating strong interdependency.

But interdependency IS NOT synergy, won't lead to strong alignment of external objectives that can overcome internal differences of various kinds, geographic, resources, demographics, history, culture, industrial development etc etc...

Therefore EU can't function as a motor to make Europe stronger to compete or fight against an outside market or military force. Though they believe otherwise.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

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ritesh
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by ritesh »

nandakumar wrote: Surely a part of that can be shared with PhonePe or GPay.
BharatPe earns monies by lending to businesses and hence may not need any reimbursement from banks. While gpay should not be paid anything. They must be earning tons simply by analysing to the customer payment data.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Cyrano »

https://financialpost.com/pmn/business- ... n-supplies

Excerpts:
GAIL has long-term contracts for about 14 million tons per year of LNG, including the one with the Singapore unit of SEFE M&T. India, the world’s third-biggest energy consumer, meets about half of its gas requirements through imports and a supply shortfall could squeeze availability of the fuel for major users such as petrochemical plants, oil refineries, steel mills and fertilizer makers.

READ: Ex-Gazprom Unit Misses India Deliveries as Russia Chokes LNG

Russia stopped dealings with SEFE M&T’s parent after Germany’s regulator seized control of the company in April. Although Moscow in May allowed shipments from Russia’s Yamal LNG project to the company for three months — after initially blocking it — that hasn’t materialized in deliveries into India. Yamal LNG is the biggest source of the former Gazprom unit’s long-term supply.
...

The title says Russia chokes gas supply but glosses over Germany having nationalised this Gazprom subsidiary to rankle Putin which led to the supply being cut off.

India has avoided major impact due to the Ukraine war so far, but the west which is itself going to through economic trouble soon leading to social unrest will try to employ the same on India to get India into its camp by hook or crook ie secondary sanctions.

The fact that panicky EU countries desperate to get off cheap Russian gas have started chasing LNG contracts though most don't have the infrastructure needed to berth LNG tankers and regazify before use - they'll figure that out later - is the first reason why prices are up.

That it hurts one of Modi's flagship ujjwala schemes is a bonus for these regime change gangs.

Energy is India's Achilles heel, and we need to brace for a big heel squeeze very soon...
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vinod »

My question is, what will india do if russia seeks help? Fearing sanctions abandon Russia and push them into chinese arms? Or help russia and suffer sanctions, and subsequent machinations by west to effect regime change?

It will be interesting how long India can balance in this fine thread.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Suraj »

None of those topics are relevant to the Indian economy thread. Please don’t derail this thread.
vijayk
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

https://www.livemint.com/economy/moodys ... 77220.html
Moody's Investor Service retained its sovereign rating on India at Baa3 with a stable outlook
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by fanne »

Minhaz Merchant

@MinhazMerchant
·
3h
Indian GDP in 1990: $0.32 trillion.

UK GDP in 1990: $1.09 trillion.

In 32 years India’s economy has gone from being one-third of Britain’s to overtaking it.

This despite Rs/£ depreciating from 22 in 1990 to 92, making India’s GDP growth measured in INR even more impressive
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

https://www.business-standard.com/artic ... 701_1.html

CEA says India poised to grow at 7% this year and for rest of decade
Economic Survey had pegged FY23 GDP growth higher at 8-8.5%
India’s economy is well poised to grow at a sustained rate of seven per cent “as we go into 2023” and for the rest of the decade, chief economic advisor V Anantha Nageswaran said on Tuesday. His projections are lower than the estimate of 8-8.5 per cent GDP growth in the current financial year provided in the government’s Economic Survey in January 2022.

“India recently surpassed the United Kingdom to become the world’s fifth largest economy in absolute terms. While that is a creditable achievement, it is not exactly a surprise,” Nageswaran said in a virtual address at the Global Fintech Fest in Mumbai.

“I think this decade--whether we call it a decade or something more than that--India looks at the moment well poised to repeat a sustained growth rate of around seven per cent for the remainder of the decade as we go into 2023 and beyond,” he said.
The Reserve Bank of India’s forecast for GDP growth in the current financial year is 7.2 per cent. Many analysts, however, expect the central bank to lower its GDP forecasts as the growth in the first quarter of the year far undershot projections.

India’s GDP grew 13.5 per cent in April-June, lower than the RBI’s projection of 16.2 per cent.

For the previous financial year as a whole, GDP growth was at 8.7 per cent, according to the government’s estimate.


Speaking about the future scope of financial technology in India, Nageswaran said a shift was now being observed from the creation of the infrastructure to the creation of the “superstructure”.

“The next phase that happened even as the pandemic was raging was about increasing access to financial services. Credit, insurance, investment (have been) driven by digital platforms and also propelled by fintechs in banking innovation,” he said.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by VishnuS »

vinod wrote:My question is, what will india do if russia seeks help? Fearing sanctions abandon Russia and push them into chinese arms? Or help russia and suffer sanctions, and subsequent machinations by west to effect regime change?

It will be interesting how long India can balance in this fine thread.
Vinod bhai... What do you mean by help?

It's not Russia, but EU is going to suffer this winter.

EU can either afford to keep their homes warm or generate electricity to run factories, but not both!!

EU would be better off if we keep buying hydrocarbons from Russia, so that they will be able to purchase from ME for less cost....

Coming to India balancing this fine thread, we will see that from next year's spring i.e from March.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Atulya P »

vijayk wrote:Why India could single-handedly shape the future of e-commerce this summer
https://fortune.com/2022/08/02/why-indi ... -salkever/
This month, retail giants and government regulators around the world will be watching closely as India rolls out the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) in 100 major cities.
ONDC is being discussed at length across the industry now, it is being seen as a viable and much needed alternative to the e-commerce giants dictating terms to small and big players with no control over discounting by these platforms. Typically the e-commerce giants have been extracting very high margins from the small sellers and making a huge margin that is not in line with the value addition they do. Over the last year, the sector has also seen consolidation with the big 4 (Amazon, Tata, Reliance and FK) going on a buying spree and notching up a basket of e-retailers covering all bases. This will be a game changer for the e-commerce in India.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Dilbu »

Asian Development Bank pares 2022-23 GDP growth forecast for India to 7% from 7.5%
India’s inflation, ADB said, has turned out to be more persistent than expected, and led to a sharp tightening in monetary policy, while eroding consumers’ purchasing power. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has pared its 2022-23 growth projection for India’s economy to 7% from 7.5% estimated in April, terming it a “modest downward revision” driven by higher-than-anticipated inflation and monetary tightening.
The Bank also raised its inflation forecast for India to 6.7% for this year, while widening its current account deficit (CAD) estimate to 3.8% of GDP. The CAD is expected to drop to 2.1% of GDP in 2023-24 while inflation will moderate to 5.8% as demand pressures from strengthening economic activity are tamped down by easing supply bottlenecks, the Bank reckoned.
China’s economy will record lesser growth than the rest of developing Asia for the first time in three decades, the Bank said in an update to its Asia Development Outlook (ADO) on Wednesday, at 3.3% in 2022, from 5% forecast earlier, marred by lockdowns triggered by its zero-Covid strategy, property sector problems and weaker external demand.

For 2023, the Bank forecast growth of 4.5% for China compared to 4.8% previously projected, due to ‘deteriorating external demand continuing to dampen investment in manufacturing’.
vijayk
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

https://cse.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in ... per_49.pdf


Who was Impacted and How? Covid-19 Pandemic and the Long Uneven Recovery in India
Centre for Sustainable Employment
cse@azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in
Mrinalini Jha and Rahul Lahoti

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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by rsingh »

To maintain the system funds are needed. You can charge vendors. A very small amount will do. Think about 5 paisa per transaction. No body is going to stop using UPI for 5 paisa. Never give anything free. Am I wrong here?
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by yensoy »

^^^^ Printing, counting and distributing cash costs money, a lot of money. UPI gets around it, and makes transactions traceable. Better for GoI to foot the bill for UPI for now and forever.
BTW, as a new user of UPI I can say that I am floored by its awesomeness. I have used other "very large" online payment systems as well and UPI is absolutely tops.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Bart S »

Two informative and well presented videos that IMHO are well worth a watch. Two extremely important areas that will have a transformative effect on India's economy, just like UPI and actually going beyond it in terms of impact.

Firstly ONDC (though the video also has a nice overview of the strategic transformation of the Indian economy):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOi8v1NxJPU


Secondly, Account Aggregator Framework. If implemented properly, it can unleash massive economic gains and lubrication of the economic engine that has been stalled through decades of socialist/politician/babu/crony-capitalist/fradulent banker nexus.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jx5tKGzQNJw
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by sgrover »

Even though the details of CBDC are not fully available, it seems to be a lot like a digital currency where infrastructure and transaction costs are borne by the central bank - much like UPI now. So it seems surprising that the RBI wants to making UPI chargeable but is trying to implement CBDC and is talking to a US based company for technical solutions.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »



Discussion on GST ... from 12 min or so

GST may be big problem for some industries (legitimate gaming industry especially on internet).

States have issues because it helps consumer states but hurts producer states (manufacturing states).
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Larry Walker »

vijayk wrote: States have issues because it helps consumer states but hurts producer states (manufacturing states).
How is this different from China being world's producer and other countries being consumer ? Going by the above logic China should have been undeveloped and poor. Even a chips manufacturing plant 'sells' its products to distributors and so distributor will pay GST to the producing state.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by fanne »

Also, typically who produce have more money and consume more. The disconnect in the above economist theory is that somehow some states that do not produce anything consume high - the data shows otherwise.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Vadivel »

vijayk wrote:
Discussion on GST ... from 12 min or so

GST may be big problem for some industries (legitimate gaming industry especially on internet).

States have issues because it helps consumer states but hurts producer states (manufacturing states).
I dont understand the producer states get low tax because consumers are from another state. What has state to do with end consumers? The wholesaler pays tax via IGST and a 42% is shared with the state. Only when a consumer in producer state buys something should the state be entitled to get a tax revenue out of him, why would producers state get a tax from bihar or a consumer who is not within its jurisdiction.

I would say the earlier sales tax, VAT ,excise etc were abnormal and hegemonic and GST is more equitable.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by yensoy »

^^^^ Very true, citizen consumers rather than location of HQ should determine where money goes.

But by the same measure, due to this imbalance there has been a lot of funds transfer by the central government to the poorer/more populous states. Maybe those transfers can decrease or be equalized in view of the new reality of GST. Otherwise the below will continue and we will continue pouring money into a black hole and depriving more progressive states of their rightful share of revenue so they can continue to grow.

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(courtesy the much reviled BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62951951)
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Kaivalya »

Note :
Our own well meaning members get pulled into this north/south conversation even though we know politically that is the flavor of the month from our favorite neighborhood BIF. Apologies in advance for the political commentary. GST, Central transfers and the role of the finance commission is cleverly used/obfuscated for ulterior motives in my opinion.


Please note that the transfers are recommended ( the total transfer amounts are not primarily driven by GST ) by the finance commission like described here :

https://prsindia.org/theprsblog/central ... commission
Population is an indicator of the expenditure needs of a state. Over the years, Finance Commissions have used population data of the 1971 Census. The 14th Finance Commission used the 2011 population data, in addition to the 1971 data. The 15th Finance Commission has been mandated to use data from the 2011 Census.

Area is used as a criterion as a state with larger area has to incur additional administrative costs to deliver services.

Income distance is the difference between the per capita income of a state with the average per capita income of all states. States with lower per capita income may be given a higher share to maintain equity among states.

Forest cover indicates that states with large forest covers bear the cost of not having area available for other economic activities. Therefore, the rationale is that these states may be given a higher share.
And by north /south- I mean rich/poor states
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Atmavik »

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEh7wCVOyhI

India’s Moment After a Decade of Structural Reforms – Saurabh Mukherjea

@ 13:15 he talks about the effect of GST and UPI on black economy.

he makes a few points

1. number of business have shut down as there only profit margin was tax evasion
2. gives the example of plastic pipes industry which was 50-50 white-black 10 yrs ago and is now 70-30 expected to go to 85-15

This has massive implications for cost of capital and productivity.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by VishnuS »

Vadivel wrote:
vijayk wrote:
Discussion on GST ... from 12 min or so

GST may be big problem for some industries (legitimate gaming industry especially on internet).

States have issues because it helps consumer states but hurts producer states (manufacturing states).
I dont understand the producer states get low tax because consumers are from another state. What has state to do with end consumers? The wholesaler pays tax via IGST and a 42% is shared with the state. Only when a consumer in producer state buys something should the state be entitled to get a tax revenue out of him, why would producers state get a tax from bihar or a consumer who is not within its jurisdiction.

I would say the earlier sales tax, VAT ,excise etc were abnormal and hegemonic and GST is more equitable.
Bhai, a quick question.

This is from the above video from think school.

Producer states invest a lot of money for the production to happen. They give lands, give tax benefits for factories, they build road network for transportation and lot of stuff that I don't know.

If Producers states don't get any incentives, then why will they go extra mile to set up factories in their state? Shouldn't they get any incentives?
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Vadivel »

VishnuS wrote:
Vadivel wrote:
I dont understand the producer states get low tax because consumers are from another state. What has state to do with end consumers? The wholesaler pays tax via IGST and a 42% is shared with the state. Only when a consumer in producer state buys something should the state be entitled to get a tax revenue out of him, why would producers state get a tax from bihar or a consumer who is not within its jurisdiction.

I would say the earlier sales tax, VAT ,excise etc were abnormal and hegemonic and GST is more equitable.
Bhai, a quick question.

This is from the above video from think school.

Producer states invest a lot of money for the production to happen. They give lands, give tax benefits for factories, they build road network for transportation and lot of stuff that I don't know.

If Producers states don't get any incentives, then why will they go extra mile to set up factories in their state? Shouldn't they get any incentives?
The incentive they get is via job creation and via job creation, personal income tax, and additional ancillary job creation and its cascading effect on the state economy. Because of job creation local PP consumption increases as well which would in effect increase GST as well.

Sale of a product between 2 local parties being subjected to GST/Sales Tax in another jurisdiction simply because its manufactured in a certain state does not work, I am unsure if the pre-GST tax regime like sales tax/service tax/VAT/excise etc worked that way as being claimed.

Added: Another incentive is that they will be re-elected in next election.

Offering health, transport, education and other governance infrastructure is the duty of the state, by offering this healthy environment the gov facilitates in job creation which is what each state government should focus on so that a educated, healthy productive population gives back as taxes to state by being productive.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Cyrano »

Spot on Vadivel ji.
Each state has a unique capital of geographic location, land and water resources, arable or forest land, population size and inherited industrial, educational and skills base. Each state has its own advantages and disadvantages.

But we are all in it together, India is NOT a union of willing states, it's one country with flourishing diversity.

This notion of rich states lifting the burden of weak states is largely useless and irrelevant. Will the south exchange places with western and northern border states which will bear the brunt in case of a war? They can't. They have enjoyed centuries of protection offered by the north which suffered relentless invasions, and should be grateful and support them willingly. We are one family not a collection of clans.

India's white and blue collar workforce is highly mobile and no matter where wealth is produced, people from many regions would have contributed to to it.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

Atmavik wrote:


India’s Moment After a Decade of Structural Reforms – Saurabh Mukherjea

@ 13:15 he talks about the effect of GST and UPI on black economy.

he makes a few points

1. number of business have shut down as there only profit margin was tax evasion
2. gives the example of plastic pipes industry which was 50-50 white-black 10 yrs ago and is now 70-30 expected to go to 85-15

This has massive implications for cost of capital and productivity.
Did anyone understand Titan example and how their making charges are more than 35% above the others ?
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Cyrano »

Very nice presentation! Thanks for posting it.

He didn't speak about Titan watch business, only on jewellery business.

Apple watch is a super premium product and you have to buy an iPhone to benefit from it. Where as many of its basic and most used features are avl on cheap products 1/10th the price. Don't know if Titan is competing in this segment. Unless you import from China and relabel it may not be worth it when you are making 30% margin in jewellery business.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by yensoy »

After seeing all the recent news about the UK and its downward spiraling economy, and the various monetary strategies to fight inflation around the globe, I realized how awesome the Indian response has been since Jan/Feb 2022.

This round of inflation cannot be fought by economists. All those who believe so are fools. Powell's "inflation fight" is just cover for draining the billions which were poured into the system during Covid (and yes while they caused inflation, that is not the only reason). Nobody will willingly torpedo their own economy to "fight inflation".

Inflation is happening due to limited supply - energy, food and petrochemicals (in turn for food production as fertilizer). We can go 200% solar, but that's not going to fix fertilizer's dependency on petroleum. A tiny/rich country like Singapore can throw some money at the problem of scarcity and make it go away. A larger place like UK could do the same but look where it has taken them. India cannot fix this with money because there just isn't enough supply to go around.

It is amazing that the Modi government immediately understood the situation after the first strikes on Ukraine, and we have not wavered on this stance. Full marks to a hardened bureaucracy which looks at all problems in a 360 manner with national interest first. Full marks to a government which hasn't fallen prey to populism - having a non-elected FM (and EAM) does help. We are in for a rough ride but at the end of the ride (2024 or 2025) we will certainly come out ahead. This could be our break out moment.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Bart S »

vijayk wrote: Did anyone understand Titan example and how their making charges are more than 35% above the others ?
He didn't explain any of that, he is trying to sell his book and started that story and left it as teaser to the audience asking them to read his book to find out.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Dilbu »

India breaks into Top 40 on Global Innovation Index
India, for the first time, made it to the top 40 countries at the Global Innovation Index (GII), led by improvement in information and communication technologies (ICT) services exports, venture capital recipients’ value, and finance for startups.

India’s six-notch jump to the 40th spot in the 132-nation GII in 2022 from 46th rank in 2021 made it to the top most innovative lower middle-income economy in the world, overtaking Vietnam, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) said on Thursday. The GII reveals the most innovative economies in the world, ranking the innovation performance of 132 economies.
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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

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Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by Vips »

India's April-August fiscal deficit at $66.56 billion.

India's fiscal deficit for the first five months of the current fiscal touched Rs 5.42 lakh crore or 32.6% of annual estimates, government data showed on Friday.

Net tax receipts rose to about Rs 7 lakh crore while total expenditure was Rs 13.9 lakh crore.

In February, while presenting the annual budget, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman set the fiscal deficit target at 6.4% of GDP for 2022/23 starting April, compared to 6.7% in the previous fiscal year.
vijayk
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Joined: 22 Jun 1999 11:31

Re: Indian Economy News & Discussion - Nov 27 2017

Post by vijayk »

https://twitter.com/Mugdha_Variyar/stat ... 9420089344
ONDC opens to the public in Bengaluru (in 16 pin codes today).

This shop owner in Domlur fulfilled an INR 70 order (INR 40 delivery fee) received through Paytm, with logistics partner Loadshare.

This is the first time the Ashirvad Home Needs store has gone online.
A supermarket Green Mart in Indiranagar received an order of INR 115 on ONDC (through Paytm) today.

This store has been doing online deliveries with Dunzo.

Order accepted at 12:05 and Loadshare delivery partner arrived by 12: 18
Some teething troubles such as order ID mismatch
Slow start to the ONDC beta test. Jayaprakash and Green Mart received 3 orders each via ONDC worth INR 325-360.

Logistics and seller app participants also saw low numbers.

Main challenges: consumer awareness, phased opening to consumers in the pincodes and some tech issues
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/pr ... 649106.cms

Taking on Amazon-Flipkart duopoly: ONDC is an ambitious idea, but will it deliver for the consumer?
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