Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

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Austin
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by Austin »

Pictures of Weapons developed by TMC many are in our armed forces too

http://saidpvo.livejournal.com/433016.html#cutid1
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

Posting from OFB website:
Image
It can be dropped from heights as high as 15000 metres. It penetrates deep into subsoil strats and detonates giving earthquake effect. Against concrete runways penetrates deep and detonates leaving a crater of approx 6m x 3m deep thus putting them out of commission.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

Image
100-120 Kg aerial bomb is used to target industrial, military field installations, railway junctions and airfields etc. Primarily as well as also for anti personnel applications. The aerial bomb 100-120 Kg is intended to be used as a target bomb at horizontal flights and altitudes between 50 to 500 m and airplane speed between 500 to 1150 km/hr. The bomb is delivered by aircraft such as MiG-21, MiG-27 & MiG-29
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

High Speed Low drag bombs (No details of application)
450 kg
Image

250 kg
Image
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

Image
This is a multirole rocket launched from an aircraft. 68 mm HE Rocket is used for area attack whereas 68mm HC Rocket is used for anti-tank attack. For practice purpose the inert version is used.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

155 mm shell HE 107
Image
The shell HE 107 is designed for firing at maximum 18 kms. range. It is often used for training/practice, in addition to its normal role as anti-personnel, ammunition
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

155 mm SHELL HE M/77B
Image
ROLE :
The 155 mm 77 B is a long range artillery ammunition designed to attack ground targets. The main characteristics are:-
a) Rapid and accurate firing at long ranges

b) Capable of firing various shells/propellant charges.

c) Superior mobility in both road and cross country. The 155 mm gun can be fired in the elevation of -3° to 70° and can be traversed 30° on either side. However the traverse of the gun is restricted beyond 50° elevation. Maximum muzzle velocity of gun is 0.827 km per second and the rate of fire is 3 rounds per 14 seconds.
FUNCTION :
When the gun is fired, the burning propellant charged rapidly generate gas pressure at the base of the shell and drives the shell through the barrel. The velocity varies depending upon the charge used.

Different types of fuzes can be used for the shell M/77 B viz. Zelar fuze. The Zelar fuze has 8 different setting modes. It is designed to meet the highest safety demands and has five different safety systems. If setting is for proximity circuit, the impact circuit is earthed.
PROXIMITY FUNCTION
i) Low sensitivity- Wet ground conditions
ii) High sensitivity Dry ground conditions
iii) Normal sensitivity Normal ground conditions
iv) Safe

IMPACT FUNCTIONS
v) Long delay Recochet Burst
vi) Short delay Penetration Burst
viii) Instantaneous Action High sensitivity. For example - Snow covered ground.
viii) Instantaneous Action Normal sensitivity

The Zelar fuze has a back up function, if the normal function fails, the fuze function as a super quick impact fuze.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

SHELL 155 mm ILLUMINATING (MIRA)
Image
ROLE :
Shell 155 mm Illuminating belongs to the family of Illuminating Gun Ammn. Used extensively to support night warfare. The illumination provided by this ammn. is sufficient for identification and engagement of all types of moving and non-moving objects. This ammunition will also help for movement of troops and locate the enemy.
FUNCTION :
The Shell is fired from 155 mm howitzer FH 77B Gun. On initiation of first separation charge on fuze functioning, the canister is ejected from the shell. The auxiliary parachute will be opened out. After a delay of 2.5 sec, the second separation charge is initiated. This will enable the separation of main parachute alongwith the flare
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

155-mm HE-ER (High-Explosive Extended-Range) base-bleed projectile
Image
The 155-mm HE-ER (High-Explosive Extended-Range) base-bleed projectile is operated primarily for blast and fragmentation against infantry troops and soft materiel targets.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

An OFB Demo Video of two different types of 155 mm artillery shells in action
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zwMavhw7Tk
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by Austin »

Very interesting video shows the scatter radius of the Shell , Are these the South African type 155 mm Shell they was signed during GF era , I remember they even had some agreement to make base bleed HE shell
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

Fuzes have to work. I recall an account of IAF raid on Peshawar by Canberra a/c which dropped a 4000 lb bomb. Turned out a dud as fuze did not work.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

Some history of German work in WWII:


http://www.1jma.dk/articles/1jmaluftwaf ... eapons.htm
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

OFB video - small and medium arms and ammunition
https://youtu.be/gteizL_7Tcc
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by srai »

x-posting
nachiket wrote:...

The twin-seater M2k's were used to drop LGB's during Kargil.
A typical bombing mission would involve 4 Mirages from 7 Squadron loaded with dumb bombs leaving a base in Punjab together with a two seat Mirage loaded with a LGB and Laser Designating pod. This 5 ship would rendezvous with 3 aircraft of 1 Squadron carrying Beyond Visual Range Weapons (Super 530D), operating out of another base. This rendezvous point would change on a mission to mission basis and once joined up, one escort aircraft would return. Once over Jammu and Kashmir they would be joined by Mig29’s giving top cover. These only had 20-minute duration in the area and would usually be supplemented by another pair. Over the target the Mirages with the dumb bombs would visually acquire the target and drop their bombs. The two seater, which would be filming the whole affair from behind, would only use the LGB if required to do so.
From here: The Mirage 2000 in Kargil
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by srai »

shiv wrote:High Speed Low drag bombs (No details of application)
450 kg
Image

250 kg
Image
High Speed Low Drag Aircraft Bombs
Conventional 1000 lb class of aircraft bombs offer more drag, thereby adversely attesting the operational efficiency of modern high speed aircraft. Keeping this in view. DRDO has designed and developed high speed low drag (HSLD) bombs in 450 kg and 250 kg class suitable for carriage and release by modern aircrafts. These bombs are effective against ground targets like railway yards /bridges, major installations, bunkers, runways and hardened targets.

The bomb consists of two major subsystems, namely. Bomb body ?lled with HE and tail unit. Two types of tail units, Retarder Tail Unit (RTU) for high speed low level bombing and Ballistic Tail Unit {BTU} for high speed high altitude bombing have been developed for the bomb to be used in different tactical roles.
Image

The HE ?lling of the bomb is Dentex (RDX/TNT/Aluminium) for achieving maximum blast and fragmentation effect for in?icting maximum damage to the target. The bomb can be carried on various in-service aircraft like, Jaguar, MiG and futuristic combat aircraft of the IAF.

The 450 kg HSLD Bomb is already in service and under production at the Ordnance Factories. The 250 kg HSLD Bomb with RTU has been introduced in the Services. BTU has successfully completed flight trials and awaiting introduction into the Services.

...

Effectiveness
  • 450kg HSLD -> Can be used against targets like runway railway tracks, bridge, docks, bunkers
  • 250kg HSLD -> Can be used against railway marshalling yards, runways, hardened targets and built up installations


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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by srai »

DRDO: A Glimpse
GPS/INS Guidance and Control Kit and Glide Fin Kit for 450 kg HSLD Bomb
Ground mechanical adaptation trials of the kit with Jaguar Darin-II were conducted successfully. Using avionics and seeker for PG kit for 450 kg High Speed Low Drag (HSLD) aircraft bomb, captive trials have been successfully completed at ITR. The seeker locked-on and tracked the target during the captive flight.

New Family of Munitions
Under this project, seven types of munitions have been designed and developed by DRDO, viz., Nipun, Vibhav, Vishal, Parth, Prachand, Ulka and Abha to improve the existing munitions and enhance its performance. User-assisted technical trials (UATT) for NIPUN have been successfully completed. Trials with 15 sets of prototypes of Vibhav have been successfully completed. Explosive train trials with actual fuze components of Vibhav have been successfully completed.

Monolith Fuel-Air Explosive Bomb of 500 kg Class
All sub-system/system-level qualifications tests have been completed. User demonstration trials of FAE bomb using single initiator charge for aerosol detonation were conducted. Ground adaption tests with SU-30 MKI aircraft have been completed and the bomb was found adaptable (electrically and mechanically) at intended stations (Station nos.1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8). Store separation analysis using CFD code as per Indian Air Force requirement were carried out and report submitted to RCMA (AA) for according flight clearance.

New Generation Anti-Radiation Missile
New generation anti-radiation missile (NGARM) is an air-launched missile designed for destroying a variety of radar targets on the ground. It is planned to have an interception range of 15-100 km and launch altitudes of 100 m to 15 km from Su-30 MKI aircraft. NGARM will home onto and destroy the radar emitters without any input from the aircraft. The guidance is primarily based on the radar emission received by the onboard passive homing guidance. It has the capability to discriminate the target of interest among a number of emitters available in the field-of-view. The missile has a warhead which can cause damage to the target radars, triggered by laser proximity fuze. The missile is required to operate in two modes of operation, namely Lock-on-Before Launch (LOBL) and Lock-on-After Launch (LOAL) modes. PDR of sub-systems and mission review of the project is complete. Rocket motor fabrication is in advanced stage. Hardware fabrication and wind tunnel testing has also been initiated.

HELINA
HELINA is a 7+ km third-generation ATGM for Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH). The critical sub-systems have been realised for the missile system and the flight performance evaluated through ground flight trials. The autonomous ballistic test has also been conducted from ALH. The land-to-land preliminary trials of HELINA were carried out during which the missile hit the target successfully. Three booster rocket motors are being prepared for integrations for flight trials. Missiles integration for flight trials HE-13, HE-14, and HE-15 is in progress. Helicopter trials of HELINA Fire Control System (FCS) were completed and the results are satisfactory. Propulsion systems have been realised, successfully re-designed and tested for HELINA. Flight trials with the reconfigured missile system was conducted which proved the redesigned propulsion, aerodynamic and control performances. The repeat control performance and LOBL guided performance at 7 km have been established proving the 7km LOBL capability of the missile.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by srai »

R&D for smart munition seekers are being done by RCI.

DRDO: A Glimpse
Research Centre Imarat
Research Centre Imarat is a centre of technological excellence in guided missile systems including a number of frontline technologies. It provides avionics packages for all missiles systems.

Precision Guided Munitions
Captive flight test was held at Yelahanka, Bengaluru. Lock-on-after-launch algorithms and transfer alignment have been proved.

Navigation Systems
RLG-based INS along with MEMS-based reduntant INS were flight tested in A5-02. RINGS-16 system were developed and delivered for PDV, AD target and Prahar missions. RINGS-16 system with MINGS has been developed for Nirbhay. FINGS units were delivered for CT of Astra and flight tested in smart bombs. INS based on MEMS sensors was devleoped for Gruthma and Nirbhay. Navigation system for ship applications has been developed, is being qualified and production will commence soon.

Ring Laser Gyros
RLG of 0.01º/h class have been produced and flight-tested in Agni 5 and Agni 4 missions successfully meeting all mission requirements. RLG of 0.006º/h class have been produced, integrated, and tested to meet the ship navigation requirements. RLG of 0.0006º/hr class have also been produced and under testing at unit level for submarine applications.

Integrated Fibre Optic Gyroscope
Wide dynamic range miniaturised 3-axes closed-loop FOG of 1 deg/h class and range up to 1000 deg/s were developed indigenously. Critical components and technologies like sensor coil, Multi-function Integrated Optic Chip (MIOC), Polarisation Maintaining Directional Coupler (PMDC), polarisation maintaining fibre, fibre-laser, and PIN diode have also been developed indigenously

Control Actuation System
Electro-Hydraulic Actuation System (actuator and controller) have been successfully flown in Agni 1, 2, 3, 4 and Agni 5 flights and P-II, Dhanush and AAD targets. Electro-Pneumatic Actuation System for Akash and Pneumatic Mobile Checkout System have also been realised.
Electro-Mechanical Actuation System (EMAS): Successfully flown in SF&D (Agni 2, 3, 4 and Agni 5). Successfully flight tested for programme AD in AAD missions. Successfully static-tested for PDV (TVC). Successfully flight-tested in Gruthma and Nirbhay. Rotary Electro Mechanical Actuator (REMA) successfully flown in three Astra Flights

Electro Hydraulic Servo Valve (EHSV): 160 nos. produced at Centre for Aerospace Products (CAP) for Prithvi and Agni variants, VSSC-PSLV, GSLV, RLV in their space programme and for HAL-Kiran, ADA, NPOL, GTRE, R&D Engineers.

Imaging Infra-Red Seeker
High resolution seekers based on 320 × 256 long wave infra-red Focal Plane Array (FPA) and 384×288 medium wave infra-red FPA have been realised. Integration of 128×128 LWIR FPA-based seekers into PDV missiles for Air Defence Application is in final stages. Captive flight trials have been conducted for establising the terminal guidance of long-range missiles against fixed targets. Development of 640 × 512 MWIR FPA-based seeker and a miniature seeker has been initiated.

RF Seeker

MMW Seeker: Configuration for LOAL operation has been completed and proven in HILS. Interfaces with OBC, INS and Telemetry were successfully established. Flight trial of PGM seeker range and angle tracking was established in MI-8 helicopter. Seeker is under productionisation for ATL.

ARSEEK: DSP-based active radar seeker was fully integrated and evaluated successfully.

High Dynamic Range Altimeter: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radio Altimeter was successfully test flown in helicopter trials

Project Astra: AGAT seeker was integrated with missile and flight tested in December 2012. Two
seekers were tested successfully with AIR targets. Indigenous development of Ku band seeker to
replace non-ToT modules of AGAT seeker is under progress. ToT from M/s AGAT, Russia to M/s BEL
have been initiated for realisation of Ku-band seeker.

Anti-ship Seeker: Design and development of anti-ship seeker is under progress.

AESA Seeker: TR module class MEMS Phase Shifter integration is under progress.

Electro Magnetics

Radio Proximity Fuse: ADRPF is successfully test flown in two AAD flight trails. RPF designed for Astra is successfully test flown in ASG13

High Power Electromagnetic Technology: Phase-III of the Project E11U, for the demonstration of
Ultra Wide Band-High Power Electromagnetic Technology has been completed. 200 kV pulser and the
antenna are developed and integrated and an electric field of 240 kV/m @ 1m is achieved. Sensors for
the measurements and diagnostics are developed.

Radome Development Technology (Slipcast Fused Silica): Slip casting, sintering, and machining
technology have been established. 05 nos. of radomes of Astra size are now being developed.

Data Link, Telemetry and Special Purpose Electronics
The data link system has been successfully used in AD, Astra and HELINA missile development programme/projects. An integrated telemetry system comprising SCP, PCM encoder and transmitter has been developed for Astra mission and is ready for induction. Telemetry systems consisting of sensors, transducers, signal conditioning units, pulse code modulators, transmitters and antennae have been developed successfully and delivered for Agni 5, Agni 4, Astra and AAD missions. Transponder systems have been developed in the S and C band. Development of a miniaturised pulse code modulator supporting inputs varying from purely analog, discrete events, digital buses which include MIL-Std 1553, RS 422 and ARINC is completed.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

Is HSLD cast or forged steel body/casing?

Now that large >12K tonne presses are available should make a few forged steel body HSLDs for aircraft shelter defeat.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by srai »

x-posting:

There are far too many types from different origins per platform often performing duplicate roles. One of the reasons why PGMs can't be purchased in bulk. The IAF should standardize on munitions (over the next 15-years) and get its remaining aircraft types integrated. Here is my list:
  • AAM -> Python-5 for CCM; Astra Mk.1/2 for BVR
  • ARM -> NGARM
  • ASM -> Brahmos-M; Nirbhay ALCM
  • Anti-armour -> CBU-105; HELINA (fighter launched)
  • PGM -> NGLGB/Griffin LGB kit (450kg general & 900kg/2000lb for penetrating hardened targets); Glide-bomb kit (250kg, 450kg & 900kg)
  • Bombs -> HSLD (250kg, 450kg & 900kg); FAE (500kg); BL755 (cluster)
Fewer munition types would help in consolidated training, bulk inventory, handling and storage, and lifecycle management. License produce ones that are imported and have indigenous efforts to replace them in future.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

srai wrote:x-posting:

There are far too many types from different origins per platform often performing duplicate roles. One of the reasons why PGMs can't be purchased in bulk. The IAF should standardize on munitions (over the next 15-years) and get its remaining aircraft types integrated.
India has done more work than any other nation in trying to make western and Russian munitions compatible in terms of pylons and control hardware and software. That has been a key problem for us.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

Medium and Heavy weapons from OFB
https://youtu.be/w5A54mBq-88
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

shiv
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

http://idrw.org/after-pinaka-mk-ii-next ... more-73048
Defense analyst close to idrw.org informed us that a Guided Pinaka will be a tactical asset designed for deployment on the battlefield which will move with advancing strike corp and will give area commander firepower to strike and engage moving ground targets with high-explosive (HE) grenades or use single warhead explosives to take out important enemy equipment’s like SAM batteries, mobile radar system or Communication centers.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

I post this news item here only because of discussions we have had where people have said that the "future of war" is more accuracy and less collateral damage. In fact this news item has appeared ONLY because the US is an open democracy and will admit errors if it is not politically embarrassing.

http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/10/0 ... 5E20151003
U.S air strikes "may have" hit a hospital run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), a NATO forces spokesman said, after the medical aid group blamed an aerial attack for the destruction in the northern Afghan city of Kunduz that killed three staff.

U.S. forces conducted an air strike in the city at 2:15 a.m. on Saturday, Col. Brian Tribus, a spokesman for the NATO-led coalition, said in a statement on Saturday."The strike may have resulted in collateral damage to a nearby medical facility," he said. "This incident is under investigation."

Dozens of staff were still missing after the attack that partially destroyed its trauma centre, MSF has said.
Yesterday US news outlets were accusing the Russians of hitting a family in Syria (or was it Iraq?)
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

More data

http://ordnancedumdum.nic.in/our_product/tail_unit.php
Tail Unit 1111 / Tail Unit 250 Kg / Tail Unit 450 Kg

Manufacturing :
These are all conical shaped items made from 1.6mm steel sheet , assembled at the rear side of 1000 lb BOMB / BOMB 250kg and BOMB 450Kg respectively. These Tail Units function as stabilizing/balancing unit of the BOMBs while dropping from Air Force Craft. The profile and inner contours of the sheet is cut from CNC operated Laser Beam Machining Machine . This Laser Machining Machine possessed by OFDC can be classified as a rare type machine in Ordnance Organisation. The speciality of this machine is that it can cut outer/inner profile of a sheet upto 7mm thick (max) with zero tolerance dimension and bright finish.
1000 lb BOMB HE can be dropped from heights as high as 15000 metres. It penetrates deep into subsoil and detonates giving earthquake effect. Against concrete runways , it penetrates deep and detonates leaving a crater of approx 6m x 3m deep thus putting them out of commission.
Shiv already linked 1000 HE

http://ordnancedumdum.nic.in/end_produc ... 00_ibs.php
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

So when did OFB start making aircraft bombs?

OFB Dum Dum started making tail units in 2000. Development in 1995.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

Ramana these
http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/am ... n/rb/7.htm
BOMB 250 KG HSLD HIGH SPEED LOW DRAG A/C BOMB
Image

BOMB 450 KG HSLD HIGH SPEED LOW DRAG BOMB
Image
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

shiv, these are newer ones. the older 1000 MC type 11A. When was it made?

Reason is it was used extensively in 1965 and 1971.

ACM PC Lal says 500 lbs were 40 % dud.

So I am hoping that somewhere in 1966 onwards IAF ordered those to be made.
One can hope!

In the chapter on Krishna Menon, PC Lal in his biography says the former started many of the ordnance products mfg in India.
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

X-Post....
Austin wrote:
Sure , Translate is not accurate but highlighted key parts



Object on departure

The bulk of the goals in Syria affected unguided weapons used with high accuracy

The latest Russian developments allow the use of gravity bombs with an accuracy corresponding to the best examples of world . The average for the destruction of one object takes a little more than one sortie - 1.16. This is a very good result, considering the fact that precision weapons are used in Syria, Russia's air force is very limited. The primary means of destruction are unguided weapons systems - Nursi various caliber, and gravity bombs.

Civilian casualties are almost no (we can assume that they are, as militants of the "Islamic State" placed their facilities in towns and cities close to residential buildings). All this makes a particularly close look at the applicable Russian aircraft weapons. After action by US aircraft in similar circumstances in Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, accompanied by significant civilian casualties. Especially great were the application of American air gravity bombs. And the flow of weapons, a technical resource per one defeats the purpose, is significantly higher than it is now at the Russian pilots in Syria. This is due to the fact that the traditional use of the free-fall bombs dispersion is very significant - the deviation of ammunition can range from 150 to 400 meters depending on the height of the discharge and the method call to the target aircraft. This means that the probability of a direct hit by a bomb in the small-sized target (ten by ten meters) is small and is at most half a percentage point. In view of the possible affected areas bomb of medium caliber (250 kg) of ground objects, partially protected in engineering terms, the likelihood of injury increases to two percent. Model strike aircraft, with a bomb load of four tons (16 bombs of 250 kg), is capable of hitting a secure underground facility with a probability of up to eight percent, and the ground, not having protection - with a probability of about 30 percent. Accordingly, for the destruction of a point object with an acceptable probability (0.6-0.8 ) requires a very decent outfit tactical (tactical, assault) aviation - from the managers of the four sides to one or two squadrons of the total composition of 12-24 cars. A defeat for the well-protected underground facilities gravity bombs need to plan for 70-80 or more sorties, as evidenced by the practice of combat employment of aviation in the military conflicts of the XX century, such as Vietnam. In addition, in this case the inevitable huge losses among the civilian population living near military facilities: near a radius of 150-400 meters from the target to fall and explode from 40-45 to 300 and 250-kilogram bombs, and the rest by the law will fall scattering even further. Hardly any of the civilians in the area survive.

The bomb - sight - well done

Russian planes using gravity bombs average (250 kg) and large size (500 kg), solve the problem of destruction point is well protected objects (including underground) small forces - one or two planes. And this at a time when militants of the "Islamic state" for a long time under the blows of the US Air Force and NATO had to take steps to minimize their losses, one of which was the placement of objects of their infrastructure as much as possible within the residential area to hide behind civilians. Meanwhile, about any notable losses among him from the blows of the Russian aircraft has not yet been reported. Military experts attribute this to the fact that the majority directed to Syria Russian aircraft equipped with the latest domestic developments SVP-24. The idea forming the basis for this system is to ensure that no precise homing at the target munition, but the correct conclusion to the point of dumping them unguided weapons carrier. That our system is fundamentally different from the American concept of becoming a high-precision weapons conventional bombs - JDAM. US set to free-fall bomb kits that provide them guidance to the target according to the GPS. That has turned conventional bombs into manageable. It is clear that the cost of such a bomb is significantly increased (kit costs about 26 thousand dollars), although still significantly less than the full precision-guided munitions. SVP-24 provides alignment with the location of the target vehicle adjusted for the trajectory of the bomb, which is calculated on-board computing system based on hydro-meteorological conditions and its ballistics. Thus conventional munition productivity gains commensurate with precision weapons. The developers claim that the accuracy of bombing, even from a height of five to six kilometers away can be extremely high. Tests in field conditions were given standard deviation 250-500-pound bombs on target about four - seven meters.

It is clear that in a war situation imposed additional factors, significantly reduces the accuracy of the bombing. It is above all the errors in determining the coordinates of the target, which can reach several meters. No completeness of the information and hydrometeorological conditions, the state of air quality in the target area. Additional error of several meters will support the definition of the place according to GLONASS in a combat zone. Coordinates somewhat distorted at sharp maneuvers in the target area. Taking into account all these factors, you can assess the accuracy of the combat use unguided bombs using SVP-24 index of 20-25 meters. In this case, the probability of hitting a small-sized protected underground facility could reach 30-40 percent, and the probability of hitting poorly protected ground targets medium-sized and can reach 60 percent. This is sufficient to carry out highly accurate and reliable engagement objectives assigned limited staff strength: even for highly secure small objects is sufficient to apply three or four bombs, and poorly protected will be guaranteed already destroyed two ammunition. This area is close to the devastation of striking targets will not exceed a few tens of meters, which is comparable to the distance between individual buildings in a typical urban environment. Thus, having a 12-16 bombs of medium and large caliber, equipped with a system SVP-24, Su-24M is capable of destroying up to two point infrastructure Islamists in one sortie. Probably for this reason, for each affected object, on average, slightly more than one sortie (do not forget that the attack aircraft accompanied the aircraft to ensure, in particular fighters). The cost of ammunition compared with high-precision weapons and bombs, equipped with a set of JDAM, remains penny. In fairness, we note that the accuracy of the JDAM bomb hit will be higher - five - seven meters. That is, the probability of hitting even in protected underground facility reaches 70-80 percent. But this is not essential influence on improving the efficiency of air operations - for the vast majority of combat missions in Syria, such precision is redundant.

The smoke can not hide

Of particular note is that the impact of bombing using SVP-24 is only slightly dependent on the weather and visibility in the target area, since it is determined GLONASS system and the work aircraft systems. That is, if the target coordinates are reliable, shock protection setting smoke screens or other means of disguise, creating clutter is impossible. However, this system has disadvantages. The most important of which lies in its dignity - the requirement to accurately determine the coordinates of the target, and it correctly classified. This implies a dramatic increase in reaction time - from the moment of detection of the target to strike at it can take from an hour or two (depending on the distance of the target from the base airfield) to a day or more. Which limits the use of these weapons only stationary objects. Probably for this reason, with rare exceptions, our air force in Syria is working to destroy the infrastructure of the "Islamic state." However, the US Air Force in Syria and Iraq are also valid for the most part against similar purposes.

Half Ton Punch

In Syria, the Russian air force uses mostly standard high-explosive bombs of free fall caliber 250 and 500 kilograms, and special concrete-piercing bombs BETAB-500, including active-reactive with increased capacity to overcome obstacles - BETAB-500SHP. High-explosive bombs contain a large amount of explosives - from 150 to 350 kilograms, which provides a reliable target engagement. However, large-caliber explosive bombs have significant damage radius, so they are used in Syria against the relatively large size structurally solid objects located remotely from the urban areas. Concrete-bomb capable of punching up to three or four meters of concrete slabs (depending on the quality of the concrete), are used to destroy underground facilities specially protected. Basically this command centers of strategic and operational management level, as well as large stocks of weapons.

Guided Missile

Apart from gravity bombs in Syria and occasionally used precision-guided weapons. According to reliable sources in the Defense Ministry, during combat operations repeatedly used missiles "air-surface" X-29 and X-25, both with a laser, and a television guidance system. The main carriers of such weapons in Syria is the Su-34 and Su-25. Rockets family of X-29 with a starting weight of 660-680 kg warhead has a weight of 320 kilograms. Their range of fire - 10-15 km depending on the transparency of the atmosphere. Capture target seeker is made from under the wing of the aircraft, so after starting the vehicle can maneuver freely (if the application of missiles with laser homing an external source of illumination purposes), implementing the principle of "fire and forget." Maximum accuracy with a television homing missiles achieved by visually contrasting goals. For the application of laser homing required target illumination laser, which can be carried out from the media (in this case it will be to some extent constrained in maneuver until the moment the missile hitting the target must be in the area of ​​impact) or an external source, such as UAV. It provides a direct hit in a typical small-sized target (two to three meters) with a probability of 80 percent or more. The powerful high-explosive armor-piercing warhead at a speed of a missile in the target area of ​​350-400 meters per second provides virtually guaranteed to destroy it, even if it is protected by one and a half meters of concrete slabs. In this area adjacent to the target destruction of buildings does not exceed 10-15 meters. In Syria, the missiles are used to destroy a particularly protected objects located in dense urban areas, in order to avoid casualties among the local population.

Small missiles X-25, which also find use in Syria, has a launch weight of 300 kg warhead and from 86 to 136 kilograms. Recent modifications of this missile can be equipped with a tandem warhead, punching concrete floors up to a meter thick, providing a complete destruction of the object. The accuracy of - the same two or three meters deviation as that of X-29. Target Lock is also carried out under the wing of the vehicle, so the practical launch range is mainly limited to a range of GOS, which is in a clean atmosphere reaches 7-12 kilometers. High accuracy and a relatively small warhead allow the use of the X-25 in dense areas to destroy facilities located in close proximity to residential buildings without causing them serious damage.

KAB Bombs

In addition to these samples, the Russian videoconferencing in Syria used to a limited extent guided aerial bombs. We know a few facts about the use of KAB-500L and KAB-500Kr. The first one has a laser guidance system, the second - television. Both powerful warheads weighing about 400 kilograms, containing a little less than 280 kilograms of explosives. The accuracy of hitting the target is four - nine meters - at the level of the best world standards. Reset may be performed from a height of 1,500 meters and to a practical ceiling of aircraft operations and tactical attack aircraft. Subject distance and height bomb release limited allowable flight speed and range of the carrier capture target homing (9 km). Chance of defeat even well-protected objects one such munition is 80-85 percent or more. The powerful warhead further increases the probability of destroying the target, however, and imposes restrictions on the use of such weapons in residential areas with dense buildings. Therefore, in Syria half tone KABs are used occasionally for hitting particularly robust facilities located away from residential buildings. In particular, according to reliable sources, just such bombs destroyed fortifications militants in the interests of the Syrian army offensive.

To strike at targets located in close proximity to civilian objects, our aircraft uses the latest development of the Russian defense industry - CC-250. In Syria, a bomb of this type are used with a control system, which provides guidance on stationary target according to GLONASS, like the American JDAM. However, our development has features. Firstly, it permits discharge at supersonic speed, which allows its separation from the carrier at a distance from the target in a few tens of kilometers, and provide high speed bomb of the area of ​​impact. Second, improved aerodynamic shape allowed to achieve higher accuracy of hitting the target, which is estimated at two to three meters. In combination with the relatively small warhead it allows the use of CC-250 on the targets located directly at the objects, the destruction of which is unacceptable for various reasons. For such surgical strikes the munition and is used today in Syria.

Precision-guided munitions systems television and laser guidance can attack mobile and stationary targets without carrying out detailed exploration well in advance. This allows efficient use of CABs to quickly identify sites and fortifications defense fighters.

Of particular note is that the used of Russian tactical weapons and attack aircraft allows our aircraft do not enter the zone of destruction of MANPADS militants. And it is possible to avoid the loss gives our aviation group in Syria.

Konstantin Sivkov, corresponding member RARAN, Doctor of Military Sciences
Shows difference in philosophy/doctrine on bombing.
US likes PGMs
Russia likes better bomb sights and methods for dumb bombs.

Now think about the Mig 27 IAF upgrade which allows 15 m accuracy for dumb bombs from 10 km standoff.
Austin
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by Austin »

ramana wrote:Shows difference in philosophy/doctrine on bombing.
US likes PGMs
Russia likes better bomb sights and methods for dumb bombs.

Now think about the Mig 27 IAF upgrade which allows 15 m accuracy for dumb bombs from 10 km standoff.
Indeed thats the crux of the issue philosophy/doctrine and fundamental approach to solve an issue a base on with technology and weapon system evolves for nations.

Most people would just get bogged down by technology argument without trying to look at the above
ramana
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

Do IAF SU-30s have this SVP-24 system?

If DRDO can integrate a Laser pod with the SVP-24 to correct any errors it would be awesome.
Austin
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by Austin »

ramana wrote:Do IAF SU-30s have this SVP-24 system?

If DRDO can integrate a Laser pod with the SVP-24 to correct any errors it would be awesome.
The Goal of SVP-24 upgrade is different and you can check the same from its Manufacturer link

http://www.aviasalon.com/en/news/item/news_id-334.htm

Also the cockpit picture of Su-24M as part of SVP-24 upgrade

http://img3067.imagevenue.com/images/lo ... _566lo.jpg
ramana
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

So its a computer system for upgrading Su-24 aircraft.

LCA, Jaguar, Mig 27 all have DRDO computer upgrades.
I think they all have laser pods for ranging.

Could also have software to calculate air density which is second order effect.

So all in all bhalle! bhalle!
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by shiv »

ramana wrote:Russia likes better bomb sights and methods for dumb bombs.

Now think about the Mig 27 IAF upgrade which allows 15 m accuracy for dumb bombs from 10 km standoff.
Ramana I wonder if RuAf learned from IAF. This is what was done in Kargil - with only 6 PGMs being used. Rest were dumb
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by ramana »

IAF is very innovative in using the laser pod for ranging targets to input to the release computer.
hnair
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by hnair »

What about poor weather conditions? optical sights and laser ranging might get patchy. I think that is where JDAM concept scores
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by Austin »

One can always use the SAR/ISAR capability of the aircraft to work over the weather issues.
hnair
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Re: Munitions/sub-munitions: accuracy, power and utility

Post by hnair »

That is a good point. Is ranging possible with I/SAR? Or is it just 2D imaging? I guess it should be, with all those digital 3D maps et al from sats.
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