Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

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nam
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

andy B wrote: In your previous post you note about a su30 targetting and an lca firing off an astra. Based on my limited knowledge, once the targets rwr (and obviously there are very sophisticated sets of rwrs available that include esm meausers) detects FCR why would the target not initiate immediate evasive maneuvers? No one would wait to find out. What am i missing here saar?

Also the f16s radars job isnt to identify a bvr munition coming its way. Thats again the job of the rwr/ecm/esm measures. Afaik their antennas are distributed across the airframe in order to avoid blind spots.

Based on public information available we are far away from deploying any capability where awacs start acting as targeting platforms given operating frequencies are different.

I would imagine first we would need to harmonise and deploy a fleet wide data link right?
You would want to detect the BVR as early as possible. BVR seeker gets switched on at around 25KM or less. You have very less time if your relay on RWR to tell you about the BVR. What if the BVR has IR, like Mica-IR? We will soon be having Astra-IR with 2 way datalink 8)

Regarding the FCR, yes the adversary can keep dodging the track, but he is there to fight a war. It would be great to keep the adversary flying around trying to break the lock. You just wait for him to run out of fuel and he will fly back. Nowadays you have TWS(track while scan), to make this dodging business difficult. There is never a perfect BVR hit, you fire one (either yourself or from another platform), at the highest probability of hit based on your training.

The hit probability is the highest, when he doesn't know there is one coming his way..

Netra AWACS with S band can pass on tracking info to Su30/LCA, which can feed constant positional info through the jet in to Astra. Once astra gets close enough to the target, it can switch on it's seeker. I presume in future, Netra can directly guide a BVR.

S band is the same frequency as on MFStar, which Barak8 uses for positional updates. If Barak8 can do it, so can Astra.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

If a pilot is flying with his X band RWR constantly blaring, he will ignore after some time, if there is no indication of a BVR.

It is his Ku band RWR, which will start blaring when the BVR is around 25KM away..
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by andy B »

nam wrote:
You would want to detect the BVR as early as possible. BVR seeker gets switched on at around 25KM or less. You have very less time if your relay on RWR to tell you about the BVR. What if the BVR has IR, like Mica-IR? We will soon be having Astra-IR with 2 way datalink 8)

Regarding the FCR, yes the adversary can keep dodging the track, but he is there to fight a war. It would be great to keep the adversary flying around trying to break the lock. You just wait for him to run out of fuel and he will fly back. Nowadays you have TWS(track while scan), to make this dodging business difficult. There is never a perfect BVR hit, you fire one (either yourself or from another platform), at the highest probability of hit based on your training.

The hit probability is the highest, when he doesn't know there is one coming his way..

Netra AWACS with S band can pass on tracking info to Su30/LCA, which can feed constant positional info through the jet in to Astra. Once astra gets close enough to the target, it can switch on it's seeker. I presume in future, Netra can directly guide a BVR.

S band is the same frequency as on MFStar, which Barak8 uses for positional updates. If Barak8 can do it, so can Astra.

Afaik, TWS is deployed best when you are committed in an engagement for a specific bogey or group and therefore can lose wide area coverage. Aesa's may have a larger deployable TWS envelope here but if you are in a multi engagement scenario this becomes increasingly hazardous.

With regards to netra radar passing actually targetting data rather than locational data, this is the first time I am hearing this. Are there any public links available that provide credence to this capability. I know the barak 8 has demonstrated cooperative engagement similar to what the USN has shown, but I wasnt aware we had already developed this in airborne scenarios.

I only have limited and admittedly older knowledge in this field so wont drag this conversation further.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

AESA are multi beam, so if one beam is tracking a target, the remaining panel will do volume search..
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by andy B »

nam wrote:AESA are multi beam, so if one beam is tracking a target, the remaining panel will do volume search..
I get that but you have finite power generation which is constrained in airborne platforms (awacs aside). There would be performance degradation. Anyhow I tried to search but cannot find any public info on astra or cooperative engagement capability being demonstrated in airborne platforms. If you say it can be done based on access to non public info then fair enough. I will rest my peace as makes no sense to dig up info not in public view.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

It is not publicly available, however Turks recently fired off a Aim120 using the Wedgetail at an Syrian fighter from their own airspace.

So we can be pretty sure IAF would have asked for similar capability, specially with S band and 2 way datalinks on Astra.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Aditya_V »

Meanwhile back at the ranch at Balasore

India successfully test fires Prithvi II ballistic missiles
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

https://twitter.com/TheWolfpackIN/statu ... 66468?s=20 ---> Indian air-to-air BVR missiles and their western equivalents:

Astra Mk-I :: AIM-120C5

Astra Mk-II :: AIM-120D

Astra Mk-III/SFDR :: Meteor/AIM-260
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

https://twitter.com/TheWolfpackIN/statu ... 50081?s=20 ---> Once Astra Mk-2s development trials are completed in mid-2022, there is a large potential for the missile being used for a ground based air defence system similar to USA's NASAMS-II.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by andy B »

nam wrote:It is not publicly available, however Turks recently fired off a Aim120 using the Wedgetail at an Syrian fighter from their own airspace.

So we can be pretty sure IAF would have asked for similar capability, specially with S band and 2 way datalinks on Astra.
Was this executed using link 16? So the wedgetail passed on actual targetting coordinates for the f16 to program into the amraam. Thats pretty nifty will definitely look this up more.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by VickyAvinash »

https://m.timesofindia.com/india/indian ... 742533.cms

Indian Navy to acquire 38 extended range BrahMos missiles for new warships soon
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nachiket »

nam wrote: Yes, his RWR will detect your radar, but what if it is not the one who is tracking him? I will have a Su30 track a F16, while have LCA flying out of F16's radar envelope with a 160KM Astra 2 in some corner.

Su30 datalinks the F16 position to LCA to fire the Astra2. Su30 then provides mid course updates. The F16 jokey wouldn't know a BVR is on his way, while he is busy watching the Su30.

It becomes even more lethal if the LCA manages to fire the astra 2 all the way on the blind side of F16's radar.

Without AWACS cover, you will be ambushed left right and center. Even with AWACS, we have himalayan mountains, which will allow jets to hide...
Boss, the gulf between BRF imagination and actual capability is wide. We don't even have the bread and butter of a fleet wide DL yet and here we are dreaming about LPI radars and Su-30's or AWACS tracking targets and cueing missiles from LCA's. That last capability is not confirmed to have been demonstrated anywhere, Turkish tales aside. The Americans might have that on the F-35, but I will only speculate about such stuff once the IAF comes close to getting any of the technologies.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

nachiket wrote:Boss, the gulf between BRF imagination and actual capability is wide.
:lol:
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by krishna_krishna »

nachiket wrote:
nam wrote: Yes, his RWR will detect your radar, but what if it is not the one who is tracking him? I will have a Su30 track a F16, while have LCA flying out of F16's radar envelope with a 160KM Astra 2 in some corner.

Su30 datalinks the F16 position to LCA to fire the Astra2. Su30 then provides mid course updates. The F16 jokey wouldn't know a BVR is on his way, while he is busy watching the Su30.

It becomes even more lethal if the LCA manages to fire the astra 2 all the way on the blind side of F16's radar.

Without AWACS cover, you will be ambushed left right and center. Even with AWACS, we have himalayan mountains, which will allow jets to hide...
Boss, the gulf between BRF imagination and actual capability is wide. We don't even have the bread and butter of a fleet wide DL yet and here we are dreaming about LPI radars and Su-30's or AWACS tracking targets and cueing missiles from LCA's. That last capability is not confirmed to have been demonstrated anywhere, Turkish tales aside. The Americans might have that on the F-35, but I will only speculate about such stuff once the IAF comes close to getting any of the technologies.
Rakesh wrote:
nachiket wrote:Boss, the gulf between BRF imagination and actual capability is wide.
:lol:

Sir this capability exists on our Su-30MKI since 2010, that was one of the reasons on choosing Israeli Radar for AWACS and not Russia (there were other factors too but this was one of them) as their help with AFNET was valuable. If someone has imagined is definitely someone else also has thought about it. But AFAIK it was limited to Su30MKI only till Mig-29UPG and Mirage upgrades were started, both new upgraded aircraft has that capability with HAL computers used in both. There was a reason for using HAL computers for precisely this reason. We are the only AF capable today to be able to guide western, eastern or indigenous missiles using different radars or aircrafts. Google NCW and IACCS.

And if you google it, PAF also demonstrated this in one of the exercises with SAAB Erieeye and F-16 but it is limited to F-16s only that's it the Pakistan Air Force had been using the ‘Link 70’ since last 15 years.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nachiket »

krishna_krishna wrote: Sir this capability exists on our Su-30MKI since 2010, that was one of the reasons on choosing Israeli Radar for AWACS and not Russia (there were other factors too but this was one of them) as their help with AFNET was valuable. If someone has imagined is definitely someone else also has thought about it. But AFAIK it was limited to Su30MKI only till Mig-29UPG and Mirage upgrades were started, both new upgraded aircraft has that capability with HAL computers used in both. There was a reason for using HAL computers for precisely this reason. We are the only AF capable today to be able to guide western, eastern or indigenous missiles using different radars or aircrafts. Google NCW and IACCS.
Please provide a source for this claim. FYI, nam is talking about a situation where one aircraft with its radar off fires a BVRAAM which is then guided to the target by a different aircraft (AWACS or fighter jet).
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

People are free to believe as they deem. However a good starting point would be to read how IAF employed Su30 with Mig21 during the Cope India exercise. The Americans specifically mentioned how they could not see the Mig21 coming.

Su30 would use Mig21 to ambush USAF jets, by making them stay out of USAF's radar envelope and employ Israeli jammers.

Another point is to have a look at the Astra launcher, with it's two antenna for 2 way data link.

CE using BVR has been demonstrated by Gripen and even Rafale. Su30 cannot do with R77, because that damn thing doesn't have a data link. There is a reason IAF has jumped so gladly on Astra..
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Aditya_V »

Also Swift Retreat how a Mig 21 Bison surprised a PAF F-16. PAF spun it into a propaganda victory for their masses by claiming second aircraft was an Su-30.

But their 4 month closure of Airspace for 4 months and costly Westward flights showed the truth, while the forced 5 Amraams at the Su-30, the Mig 21 Bison sneaked in and got them.

That too only cause of Saab Erieye warning, if only we had missiles which kept these away from battle zones.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by JTull »

It seems 2 Prithvi missiles were tested in salvo mode.

https://twitter.com/TheHemantRout/statu ... 19011?s=20
Hemant Kumar Rout
@TheHemantRout
·
5h
#FirstVisual of Prithvi #missile night trial from ITR off #Odisha coast. #India test fires 2 variants of #Prithvi in quick succession to reconfirm operational readiness. Developed by
@DRDO_India
, the tactical #nuclear capable weapons can strike targets at a range up to 350 km.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by RajaRudra »

Is it really prithvi? I think DRDO is using the prithvi brand to test all other things as a decoy name.
they don't even need to disclose the project name or specific enhancement tried.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by mody »

Do we make the rockets for the Smerch MBRL ourselves or import from Russia? If we can develop guided Smerch rockets similar to the Pinaka, with the 300mm diameter and longer length, the rockets can potentially have a range of upto 125-140 Kms. A precision guided rocket with that range would be great. Plus I guess the indigenous guided rocket might cost about the same as imported unguided rockets from Russia, though this is just speculation. If guided rockets can be produced in India, we can also look to import another 24 Smerch launchers for additional 2 regiments. Just the basic launchers should not cost too much.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by John »

mody wrote:Do we make the rockets for the Smerch MBRL ourselves or import from Russia? If we can develop guided Smerch rockets similar to the Pinaka, with the 300mm diameter and longer length, the rockets can potentially have a range of upto 125-140 Kms. A precision guided rocket with that range would be great. Plus I guess the indigenous guided rocket might cost about the same as imported unguided rockets from Russia, though this is just speculation. If guided rockets can be produced in India, we can also look to import another 24 Smerch launchers for additional 2 regiments. Just the basic launchers should not cost too much.
Russia offers guided missiles and they reach 90 km you aren’t going to get more than what they have achieved. Plus I doubt the Russians would be willing to supply just the launchers any deal would involve rockets and comes with all the political baggage like restrictions on using domestic missiles apart from licensed production.

Considering we already have Pinaka which is lot cheaper why bother. We can scale up and develop a variant that uses 300mm missiles.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by mody »

John wrote:
mody wrote:Do we make the rockets for the Smerch MBRL ourselves or import from Russia? If we can develop guided Smerch rockets similar to the Pinaka, with the 300mm diameter and longer length, the rockets can potentially have a range of upto 125-140 Kms. A precision guided rocket with that range would be great. Plus I guess the indigenous guided rocket might cost about the same as imported unguided rockets from Russia, though this is just speculation. If guided rockets can be produced in India, we can also look to import another 24 Smerch launchers for additional 2 regiments. Just the basic launchers should not cost too much.
Russia offers guided missiles and they reach 90 km you aren’t going to get more than what they have achieved. Plus I doubt the Russians would be willing to supply just the launchers any deal would involve rockets and comes with all the political baggage like restrictions on using domestic missiles apart from licensed production.

Considering we already have Pinaka which is lot cheaper why bother. We can scale up and develop a variant that uses 300mm missiles.
We have achieved 75 Kms with 216 mm rockets and this too is likely to increase to about 80-85 Kms. Achieving 120-125 Kms with 300 mm rockets, which are also longer should definitely be possible.
This would put some of the paki airbases and major military targets easily within reach. Being able to pepper paki airbases from within our own territory, with precision guided rockets, which are much cheaper than ballistic missiles, does have value. The other option would be the Prahaar missiles.
The Smerch rockets weigh around 800-900 Kgs with a 240 Kg warhead. The warhead weight for Pinaka is 100 Kgs. For Prahaar the missile diameter is 420 mm, with a 200-500 Kgs warhead and a total weight of 1,240 Kgs. The length of Smerch rockets and Prahaar is almost the same.
The advantage with Smerch is that its a 12 tube system and can fire in salvo mode. A regiment of 12 launchers can lay down a lot of firepower.
If we have domestically produced rockets, then the cost will definitely be much lower. We are already producing BM-21 rockets locally and these have enhanced range, better accuracy and are cheaper than Russian rockets.
The key would be for India to negotiate a contract with the Russian's that allows India to use its own rockets in the future. The initial order of the launchers can be placed with a token order of say 2-3 reload worth of rockets. If the Russian's don't agree, shelve the proposal.

As it is over the next 10 years, India will buy less and less of Russian military hardware and will increasingly also emerge as a potential competitor to Russia, in the International arms market. A case in point being Indian offer of Astra missiles for Vietnam's Su-27/30 aircrafts. These would be in place of Russian R-77 missiles and if such a sale were to actually go through (not that I expect that it will), Russia would certainly be displeased.

We negotiated for possibility of Indian weapons to be integrated on the Rafael with the French and finally for the govt. to govt. deal they relented. Now, with India's capabilities increasing, the writing is on the wall for all nations wanting to supply weapons systems to India. Be ready to give the best and also customize and also some level of local production or support in other spheres for any sale to be possible.
Russia increasingly doesn't have anything cutting edge to offer to India, as specially in the conventional weapons space.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by brar_w »

mody wrote:We have achieved 75 Kms with 216 mm rockets and this too is likely to increase to about 80-85 Kms. Achieving 120-125 Kms with 300 mm rockets, which are also longer should definitely be possible.
Propulsion tech is changing rapidly and newer solutions are very capable of significant increases in impulse and range. Lockheed managed to squeeze out 150 km range from its GMLRS-ER with negligible change in diameter to the 227mm GMLRS (the change in dia had no impact on the new round needing new launch tubes or effect on magazine size on existing fire units in the field). By comparison the max that the original GMLRS had demonstrated is around 83 km. So over time, extending the existing range without necessarily building a larger diameter rocket is most likely possible and worth pursuing as it has zero impact on how many you can fit within the same launchers and vehicles. It gets expensive because you probably need to add better guidance and perhaps even a seeker to maintain high accuracy at those ranges but since your target set is likely to be different it may still be cheaper than other options.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by YashG »

mody wrote:
Russia increasingly doesn't have anything cutting edge to offer to India, as specially in the conventional weapons space.
While we hope this will be true soon. But still too early to say they have nothing - Our MIC is nowhere near.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by jamwal »

I read somewhere that a new rocket system like Smerch is being considered or under development. There is only so much that one can do with a certain design. So a new product with improved propellants, motors and bigger dimensions is needed.

Prahar and Pragati never got much traction for some reason.

Even Pakis have 50-65 A-100 Chinese rocket systems which they claim to manufacture pindigenously. These have same dimensions as Smerch and better accuracy, as claimed by China.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by ramana »

Jamwal, Is testing complete for the two Ps?
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Karan M »

andy B wrote: I know the barak 8 has demonstrated cooperative engagement similar to what the USN has shown, but I wasnt aware we had already developed this in airborne scenarios.
This is the fundamental point, and there literally has been no technical counter to such a simple and straightforward point. Net, don't be surprised if this capability exists with select AF worldwide and has even been deployed, or will be sooner than later. We should assume likewise and tailor our tactics accordingly.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by jamwal »

ramana wrote:Jamwal, Is testing complete for the two Ps?
I don't think that they even entered user trials phase. Don't remember seeing anything about them in any publication for quite some time.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by andy B »

Karan M wrote:
andy B wrote: I know the barak 8 has demonstrated cooperative engagement similar to what the USN has shown, but I wasnt aware we had already developed this in airborne scenarios.
This is the fundamental point, and there literally has been no technical counter to such a simple and straightforward point. Net, don't be surprised if this capability exists with select AF worldwide and has even been deployed, or will be sooner than later. We should assume likewise and tailor our tactics accordingly.
Thats a very prudent point of view saar best to assume existence and develop our own capabilities/tactics/counters as required.

For me the key thing I feel is that in order to fully exploit and deploy a capability such as co-op engagement, the IAF needs to have a fleet wide DL along with maturity of systems in terms of astra1/2 along with suitable radars. The induction of sdr is also an important data point in this direction. I somehow feel the fleet upgrade of the su30s needs to be completed given their numerical significance. The mki given its size and power of radar aperture makes for an ideal candidate for this capability. Just my two cents!
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by hnair »

jamwal wrote:
I don't think that they even entered user trials phase. Don't remember seeing anything about them in any publication for quite some time.
IIRC, there was a bunch of stories earlier this year about Army wanting extended range beyond Prahaar's (Pragati is the designated export version) called Pranash in the earlier part of this year. Expected range is 200km instead of 150km for Prahaar.

Link

Maybe the max range requirement is so this new missile overlaps the PDV derived Pralay's ranges better and at lower cost.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Prem Kumar »

I have a less charitable theory. The IA has no doctrine for how to use tactical ballistic missiles of the conventional variety. Their only exposure is to the Brahmos & Prithvi (which is under SFC)

They are completely clueless on how to employ the "Pra" series of missiles (Prahaar, Pralay, Pranash, Pragati)

DRDO keeps spinning their wheels to produce one variant or another, while the IA keeps asking for the next variant
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by jamwal »

I have the same view.
Even decades old Prithvi missiles are being tested by SFC even now. Army didn't want to induct them either. It was understandable due to limitations then, can't understand their reluctance with much more advanced and seemingly cheaper new missiles.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

Look what do we have here :D

The label below the transparent radome.

Image
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by shaun »

nam wrote:Look what do we have here :D

The label below the transparent radome.

Ku-band RF Seeker for Anti-Aircraft applications
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by nam »

Given that the AESA Ku band seeker is been kept along with Astra's RPF, it indicates, it is part of Astra. Either Astra 1 or upcoming Astra 2 is having the AESA seeker.

So fundamentally, we are right there with the big boys. 8)
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1339827223566503937?s=20 ---> Defence Minister Rajnath Singh hands over a model of Astra MK-1 BVR air to air missile to IAF Chief RKS Bhadauria. The Astra is the first indigenously developed BVR (Beyond Visual Range) air to air missile; it can be launched from Su-30, LCA & MiG-29K with a range of 100+ km.

Image
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

https://twitter.com/Aryan_warlord/statu ... 38497?s=20 ---> Am seriously intrigued by the large diameter bombs visible starting from "Gautam" to the left of the Defence Minister. Those look like some seriously heavy ordnance, how do we plan on delivering them?

https://twitter.com/Firezstarter1/statu ... 33507?s=20 ---> The Su-30. Our knock-down-the-door with brutal force, asset. Where the Rafale claims to be a scalpel, the Su-30 is a broadsword.

Image
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

I do not see Gautam anywhere on that picture. I think he meant Garuthma.
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

https://twitter.com/rajnathsingh/status ... 93282?s=20 ---> Visited Hyderabad-based DRDO labs today which showcased various indigenously developed systems and advanced technologies. I’m extremely proud of DRDO scientists and technicians who are tirelessly working towards developing technologies for strengthening India’s defence.

Image

Image

Image

Image
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Re: Indian Missiles News & Discussions - 17 Dec 2018

Post by Rakesh »

https://twitter.com/TheHemantRout/statu ... 21665?s=20 ---> Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurates the advanced Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (HWT) test facility at Hyderabad's DRDO complex. Indigenously developed Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) tech demonstrated during the visit.

https://twitter.com/TheHemantRout/statu ... 18465?s=20 ---> The state-of-the-art HWT is pressure vacuum driven enclosed free jet facility having nozzle exit diameter of 1 m & can simulate Mach 5 to 12. After USA & Russia, India is 3rd country to have such a large facility in terms of size & operating capability.

https://twitter.com/Amitraaz/status/134 ... 87105?s=20 ---> Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh inaugurates the indigenously developed, advanced Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (HWT) test facility today in Hyderabad. Development of such tunnel involves intricate engineering, demanded massive fabrication effort, utilized super-precision...

* Flight simulation between Mach 5 - 12.
* Hypersonic tunnel facility is going to assist in the future tests of hypersonic missiles, aircraft and engines.

https://twitter.com/TheWolfpackIN/statu ... 92130?s=20 ---> Advanced Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (HWT) test facility inaugrated today at DRDOs Hyderabad complex. Vital for physical testing of hypersonic missiles, scramjet engines and in future hypersonic aircraft before flight trials.

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