Kaveri & Aero-Engine: News & Discussion

vina · Post by **vina** » 17 Mar 2017 16:13

Indranil wrote:Forget all the information he supplies, I love Mr. Gouda. He reminds me of one of my teachers. He knows a lot, but the way he speaks is very endearing to me. A perfect SDRE.

He was nearly incomprehensible with his thick accent and mind numbingly low on details presentation , resulting I am sure , in the bulk of the folks who watched it barely able to get anything out of it.

A much better presentation one that clearly informs is here Fudamentals of Engine Control by Dr Sanjay Garg, of Nasa Glenn Research - Chief Controls & Dynamics branch as his title says. (his bio says he is from the Kanpur Madrassa, he and the Yak Herder and probably bum chums)

For folks interested, go through the presentation, it lays out everything that Mr Gouda talked about, but lot more clarity with diagrams, details and lot more coherently.

Basically, the problems which Mr Gouda talked about would be fixed by suitably programming the FADEC (rather than the really old fashioned days of giving pilots cue cards). But then, if you go back to the OEM who sold you the plane and engine and start nosing around and start asking them details about component maps, math and performance models, design details and degraded performance details, etc etc, Good Luck ! They are going to give you the birdie and sure as hell are not going to give you a fix .

Nothing like having your own engine to fix these kind of programs (like reprogramming the FADEC for eg..).

Too bad. Let us import from Russia, import from France, but throw chicken feed at our local efforts and for the folks working there, whip them hard, feed them poo , invest in no infra , but expect miracles , AND pour scorn. All Fake News. Bad! Make India Great Again.

habal · Post by **habal** » 17 Mar 2017 16:36

Mr. Gouda did say almost all engine manufacturers they interacted with admitted to the noise flutter at high altitude during high altitude test phase of engine development but different designers had different solutions for the same.

vina · Post by **vina** » 17 Mar 2017 18:25

habal wrote:Mr. Gouda did say almost all engine manufacturers they interacted with admitted to the noise flutter at high altitude during high altitude test phase of engine development but different designers had different solutions for the same.

Perfectly illustrates just how incomprehensible he was. He said, that others too encountered the same compressor rotational stall (we found that one of the compressor stages were stalled when we put it in the altitude test stand at Anecom - Germany , IIRC), and he quotes the example of RD-33 and F-404 as engines that faced the same thing.

And you heard what he said as as "noise" and "flutter" . What can I say , other than , download and read up the presentation I posted the link to.

Indranil · Post by **Indranil** » 17 Mar 2017 23:18

Kalyani is designing a 120 kg class engine. They have a small JPL (10-15 engineers guided by ex GTRE/HAL folks) utilizing manufacturing capability of their Puna facility. In one year, they have designed and manufactured the engine. They are sending it for testing now

.

They are moving on to develop a 350 kg (Manik class engine) and a 900-1200 kW Turboshaft (HTSE-1200 class) engine. Ho ho ho HAL! Watch out! To be fair, HAL has moved very swiftly with the HTFE-25 and HTSE-1200 engines.

Just goes to show what proper funding and institutional structure can manage.

JayS · Post by **JayS** » 18 Mar 2017 00:23

Kudos to Bharat Forge for taking this up. I am really happy to see them doing something great and keeping their word on it.

Rishi Verma · Post by **Rishi Verma** » 18 Mar 2017 00:56

Indranil wrote:

Forget all the information he supplies, I love Mr. Gouda. He reminds me of one of my teachers. He knows a lot, but the way he speaks is very endearing to me. A perfect SDRE.

I am going to send this clip of endearing Mr. Gouda to the PMO office as its extremely poorly delivered in style and substance. And my request would be to refund my tax money. NaMo is known to stop the presentation if serious effort is not made to prepare it. I hope and pray that we are not paying dearly because of the disastrous reservation quota system.

ranjan.rao · Post by **ranjan.rao** » 18 Mar 2017 01:48

JayS wrote:Kudos to Bharat Forge for taking this up. I am really happy to see them doing something great and keeping their word on it.

efforts like these give hope to this nanha but old mujahid that things will only get better from here in future ...

Indranil · Post by **Indranil** » 18 Mar 2017 03:53

Rishi Verma wrote: I am going to send this clip of endearing Mr. Gouda to the PMO office as its extremely poorly delivered in style and substance. And my request would be to refund my tax money. NaMo is known to stop the presentation if serious effort is not made to prepare it. I hope and pray that we are not paying dearly because of the disastrous reservation quota system.

By the same powers of deduction that allows you to arrive at the credentials, capability of Mr. Gouda by how he looks and sounds or what his surname is, I deduce that your tax contributions to India is Rs. 0. By the way, are you from IIT,REC. Because otherwise, you are worthless. And if you are, I hope you would be ready to return the money GoI spent on your education.

P.S. I am reporting my own post for personal attack. But, condescending people like you should be shown a mirror. If I have to pay a price for it, so be it.

Marten · Post by **Marten** » 18 Mar 2017 03:58

Indranil wrote:
Rishi Verma wrote: <SNIP>I hope and pray that we are not paying dearly because of the disastrous reservation quota system.
<SNIP>
P.S. I am reporting my own post for personal attack. But, condescending people like you should be shown a mirror. If I have to pay a price for it, so be it.

Why not simply ban him? I had reported the post for the really low comment made by a really ignorant person who has no business being on Bharat Rakshak while attacking one of Bharat's really hard working sons for his SDRE-ness!

Rakesh · Post by **Rakesh** » 18 Mar 2017 04:00

Rishi Verma wrote:I am going to send this clip of endearing Mr. Gouda to the PMO office as its extremely poorly delivered in style and substance. And my request would be to refund my tax money. NaMo is known to stop the presentation if serious effort is not made to prepare it. I hope and pray that we are not paying dearly because of the disastrous reservation quota system.

So you only drink tea and eat crumpets, is that it? What a racist filled diatribe your post is. The man is knowledgeable and he knows his stuff. What does his accent got anything to do with it? We have a number of you types on BRF.

We Indians speak in varied accents and tones. Get used to it, otherwise leave.

pandyan · Post by **pandyan** » 18 Mar 2017 04:12

NAMO would ask Shri Gouda to present in his mother tongue

and go after our genius here to recover all the investment country made on him

Indranil · Post by **Indranil** » 18 Mar 2017 04:30

Marten wrote: Why not simply ban him? I had reported the post for the really low comment made by a really ignorant person who has no business being on Bharat Rakshak while attacking one of Bharat's really hard working sons for his SDRE-ness!

With power, comes responsibility. I don't want to drown out his voice, because he speaks differently from most of us.

As to his technical knowledge in aero related matters, he has nothing more to offer than opinions. When he tries to show that he "really knows", enthusiasts can easily refute his claims

. But he continues to stick to his guns, and later cry foul. Unfortunately, it is not against forum rules to be a know all, or to wail.

JTull · Post by **JTull** » 18 Mar 2017 05:03

Disappointed by that post. That's below the belt.

Doesn't deserve a second look. So let's all move on quickly.

shiv · Post by **shiv** » 18 Mar 2017 06:08

Rishi Verma wrote:
I am going to send this clip of endearing Mr. Gouda to the PMO office as its extremely poorly delivered in style and substance. And my request would be to refund my tax money. NaMo is known to stop the presentation if serious effort is not made to prepare it. I hope and pray that we are not paying dearly because of the disastrous reservation quota system.

An excellent observation

A good accent in English is essential for good communication. I would rather have a Shashi Tharoor or Manish Tiwari in such a position than this man because their accents and ability to present in a language that I understand and relate to are impeccable. When presented well, the actual content ceases to matter and the magic of language weaves a web of class that mere technical knowledge cannot equal. Diction and erudition more than compensate for any technical deficiencies.. As a citizen who has always valued language skills over the crass "rough hands-foul mouth" types exemplified in this video I wholeheartedly agree that sending this video to the PM would certainly help him to understand who knows good English and who does not and assist him in governing this country to bring up people whose ability to stand shoulder to shoulder to the best in the West is visible from their facile use of the English language - the medium of gentlemen of culture and excellence, I only wish the PM's English had been as good as mine, so he could understand the state of the nation as well as I do. When I stand among my white colleagues - the language of the man in the video embarrasses me. Where has the gentle culture of Nehru gone?

sanjaykumar · Post by **sanjaykumar** » 18 Mar 2017 06:41

Rishi Verma · Post by **Rishi Verma** » 18 Mar 2017 10:30

Hakimji I wasn't going to reply to your OT post. I know you get emotional about this things.

1) I categorically say that his English accent wasn't and isn't part of my post

2) I also know that having polished English (example Burkha Dutt) doesn't mean one has any brains

But...

I am sure DRDO/GTRE have free dental clinics on campus. If a senior educated jet engine designer can't take care of own teeth given a clinic is minutes away - walking distance, then we must end up with the disaster of a program called Kaveri Engine.

This is just one part of the observation.

Soviets got help from British, Chinese reverse engineered, other than that all successful jet engines came from private companies.

Indian government "labs" deliver 1 out of 100 things promised and we do lungy dance.

There is a fundamental need to restructure gobermint labs because they have been lying about deadlines and capabilities to the nation for decades. Their main (and only) customer - our Armed Forces have no faith in them.

Enough of presentations, give a damn date when we will fly the first plane with a kaveri engine!!!

Let me try a graphic example like you do often.
If a technician comes to change the RO filter at your home and keeps scratching his balls, will you let him?

shiv · Post by **shiv** » 18 Mar 2017 12:38

Rishi Verma wrote:Hakimji I wasn't going to reply to your OT post. I know you get emotional about this things.

1) I categorically say that his English accent wasn't and isn't part of my post

Interesting that the only message supportive of your learned viewpoint resulted in a rapid downhill ski from you

But...

Yes but indeed

It also resulted in this hurried shifting of goalpost from you

Rishi Verma wrote: am sure DRDO/GTRE have free dental clinics on campus. If a senior educated jet engine designer can't take care of own teeth given a clinic is minutes away - walking distance, then we must end up with the disaster of a program called Kaveri Engine.

But here I must tip my hat to you.

You have come up with a truly original comment that ranks right up there with "scooter helmet", "chappals" and "peeling paint". No matter what your future relationship with this forum might be "bad teeth" will ensure that you will be immortal on BRF. Rishi Verma amar rahe.

Enough of presentations, give a damn date when we will fly the first plane with a kaveri engine!!!

What engine? You were speaking about reservation.

Let me try a graphic example like you do often.
If a technician comes to change the RO filter at your home and keeps scratching his balls, will you let him?

Graphic rhetoric is a worthless game of diversion from the topic at hand. I can do it too. Do you recall if the primary person who handled your food and fed you when you were a child had washed his or her hands thoroughly after visiting the toilet. This question is as irrelevant as yours.

LokeshC · Post by **LokeshC** » 18 Mar 2017 12:53

So I guess saying "sun rises in the east" in pure, grammatically correct Engleashu makes it more of a fact than saying "sooraj poorab se nikalta hai".

I worked with native Japanese and native Korean Engineers a few years ago, with this attitude if one hears their English (and experience their body odor) one would feel like they are still swinging on trees and living in caves out there.

People with this kind of attitude is a major reason why India is where she is today. They are nothing but colonized minds acting like a bulldog standing watch for a master who is long gone.

GShankar · Post by **GShankar** » 18 Mar 2017 13:19

A great reminder of the attitude that we thought was only from the prior generations. Sepoy-ness does continue in some.

abhijitm · Post by **abhijitm** » 18 Mar 2017 13:46

We need to be bit cautious of judging people's appearance. Like what happened to Shobha De. Teeth could turn yellow due to heavy dosage of antibiotics in their childhood. Also irregular teeth can be hereditary.

LokeshC · Post by **LokeshC** » 18 Mar 2017 13:49

^^ Sir. Bad teeth can change the gas laws in the turbine. Someone with bad teeth and non Britshit Engleash accent must apply a "whitening" equation to their engine model. Or else it wont work. Weird are the ways of this magical world.

/SARC. Last from me on this.

Rakesh · Post by **Rakesh** » 18 Mar 2017 18:21

I can't believe RV (is that even his real name?

) had the temerity to come back and post even more nonsense. The teeth issue really takes the cake. And as Hakeemji said, he wil always have that identity on BRF. As I said before, we have a few of these types on BRF. They address their own countrymen as "You Indians" while they beat the drum of fake patriotism. Rather than India develop her own identity, they will push the identity of other countries on to Her. What a sellout!

abhijitm: Why bother to respond to him? He has embarrased himself enough. Let him scratch his own balls, that will let him think

Suresh S · Post by **Suresh S** » 18 Mar 2017 19:45

This problem is not unique to this character , RV. So someone has a thick accent and few missing teeth and therfore he is to be reported to the PM. Boss put your tail between your legs and run. What a absolutely moronic comment. Boss my experience of life says that when people speak with perfect oxford english like Tharoor and are impeccably dressed more often than not they are full of shit. One of the smartest business brains in all of India and oh and one of the richest guys in India probably no one on BRF will recognize him if they saw him in real life. Why, because many times he wears his dhoti short ending between his knee and ankle and a ordinary chola, and he is short and may have a few missing teeth.But everyone in the Indian film industry barring none will be more than happy to clean his arse if given half a chance. And there are tons of other examples I can give.Hope that explains everything to this buffoon.

If Steve Jobs wore wrinkled Jeans and a cheap T shirt , Oh so cool, If Bill Gates does the same super cool but if a SDRE does that report him to the PM.Get rid of this colonial slave mindset.

PratikDas · Post by **PratikDas** » 18 Mar 2017 23:17

Was anyone else impressed that India's CEMILAC has people of Gouda ji's calibre? I certainly was. CEMILAC has a very difficult mandate - accepting so much responsibility through certification and, perhaps, getting no love from the developer community for being that shrewd examiner.

With the quality of presentation after presentation at AIS 2017, I'm convinced that with an order of magnitude increase in turbofan R&D and facilities, and with mission-mode project management with high-level oversight, like Parrikar ji's more-than-quarterly inquiries into the status of the HTT-40 project, we could build an engine good enough for UCAV and twin-engine AMCA.

Arun.prabhu · Post by **Arun.prabhu** » 19 Mar 2017 01:00

Man, you're something special. In a discussion about our homegrown jet engine project, you raise the spectre of castes and the God awful reservation system. Way to go, genius.

Rishi Verma wrote:
Indranil wrote:

Forget all the information he supplies, I love Mr. Gouda. He reminds me of one of my teachers. He knows a lot, but the way he speaks is very endearing to me. A perfect SDRE.
I am going to send this clip of endearing Mr. Gouda to the PMO office as its extremely poorly delivered in style and substance. And my request would be to refund my tax money. NaMo is known to stop the presentation if serious effort is not made to prepare it. I hope and pray that we are not paying dearly because of the disastrous reservation quota system.

Indranil · Post by **Indranil** » 21 Mar 2017 22:30

Jamwal ji,

That noise if unknown to the reporter. Otherwise it is called screech. It is well known problem in aero engines. It was known to GTRE folks from the tests in Russia. They have been working on it and according to people who spoke to JayS, the problem has been solved.

Your post, a news item does not belong to the Kaveri-"gyan" only thread, hence it has been moved to here.

jamwal wrote:http://www.livefistdefence.com/2017/03/ ... noise.html

Indian Kaveri Turbofan’s Last Mile Problem: A Mystery Noise

Decayed performance at high altitude, insufficient thrust, excessive weight. Some of the problems the DRDO has reported on its Kaveri turbofan engine, a project in development for nearly three decades. It has now emerged that an unexpected ‘noise’ during high power trials has all but stalled the programme in what the team believes is its last mile. Detailed analyses over the last two years have failed to narrow down the nature of cause of the noise, and scientists are also unable to tell if the noise is an influence aerodynamic performance. What Livefist can confirm is that the phenomenon is only the latest in a series of complications that have bedeviled the Kaveri. The noise the five engines specimens make in high throttle regimes is a key issue being placed before France’s Snecma for the remaining path to certification. Apart from the noise in the high throttle spectrum, scientists have also been grappling with a flicker, indicating inconsistent combustion or fuel transmission, when the afterburners is engaged.

On Jan 3 this year, the Safran Group created and advertised for the new position of Director for the Kaveri engine programme.

The good news for the programme is that the DRDO has been given a virtual carte blanche to channelise offsets from the Indian Rafale deal to resurrect the Kaveri. Snecma, a partner in the Rafale programme, builds the Rafale’s twin M88 turbofan engines. Under the terms of the partnership finalised late last year, Snecma is working to modify, certify and integrate the Kaveri on a Light Combat Aircraft airframe before 2020. A later phase in the partnership will involve modifications on the Kaveri for a twin configuration on India’s AMCA fifth generation fighter concept and an altered non-reheat version for the Ghatak UCAV. It is not clear if the Snecma partnership will stretch to the concept Manik mini-turbofan being developed for UAVs and cruise missiles. One of the Kaveri specimens was on display at the recent Aero India show.

VIDEO: India's @DRDO_India Kaveri jet engine at #AeroIndia2017. Now in revival mode with a tech infusion from @SAFRAN Snecma. pic.twitter.com/PR6TzlxN3r

— Livefist (@livefist) February 15, 2017

srai · Post by **srai** » 23 Mar 2017 10:42

Good read.

How manufacturers act as on-ground mechanics for jet engines in the air

...
Sensors, sensors, and more sensors

But even though each of these moving parts is carefully protected from the heat and motion they must endure, that doesn’t mean they will last forever.

So GE recently introduced a new method to monitor their engines once they are in use and attempt to predict how and when they will need repair. The first part of the new system is to create what they call a “digital twin” of every engine they build. During the design and manufacturing phase of the engine, engineers compile thousands of data points specific to each engine, which they use to build a digital model. This allows them to know exactly how hot that engine should be in each of its modules, what the pressure should be, and how fast the airflow should be moving.

In other words, each of the company's jet engines has a digital twin that lets the team back at the research center monitor its condition over time.

As the engine is built, it is equipped with about 100 sensors that measure its essential parts. For example, “The pressure and temperature at the exit of the compressor is a key indicator of the health of the compressor,” says Dean. They also keep an eye on the exhaust temperature, the speed at which the turbines are spinning, and how far the fuel valve opens.

Because his team also acts at the mechanics for each of the engines they build, they can then compare the data gathered by the sensors to the engine’s digital twin (which can be put through the same paces that the engine experiences as it takes off, flies through different types of weather, and undergoes regular wear and tear). If the two data sets don’t match up, then the engine needs servicing because something undesirable is going on.

One of the most useful parts of the digital twin is that it measures a huge number of factors that the engine faces throughout its lifetime -- some flights have more people on them then others (that will put more strain on the engine), some cities (like Abu Dhabi) have a lot of sand in their air, and some pilots push their engines harder than others. “With the twin...I can learn that the pilot is a cowboy and pushes the engine. The fuel burn we see will be different with different pilot. The digital twin remembers every one of those events. You can start to separate the fleet. Each engine has a different life experience,” he says. And that overall understanding of how each different engine lives out its life helps them tweak and change future engine designs. “It’s like personalized medicine. You can start to classify and see what works best for an engine that has a similar life. We’re beginning to use this to inform how we build new engines.”

Looking to the future

Jet engine design will face changes in the future. Right now, the company is beginning to 3D print some of the parts that go into its engine (they’ve recently acquired two 3D printing companies to assist with this). They’re also moving into research and development of hybrid electric engines, which will make jet engines smaller and more efficient. But there’s a limit to how efficient an engine can get when its basic design remains unchanged. So one way that the company is looking at improving the engine is by investing in research that completely rethinks how a jet engine works.

One new potential science, which several companies and research institutions are currently studying, is called the Rotating Detonation Engine. Essentially, this works by creating a series of small detonations and using the supersonic wave that a detonation generates to keep combustion going continuously. Theoretically, if the system works, it would require significantly less fuel to get the engine moving and keep it moving. And even with less fuel the engine would also theoretically produce significantly more energy. “The trick of the engine is containing [the detonation], making it stable, and having it operate at conditions you want,” says Dean. “Will it operate well, will it be durable, can it have low emissions, and what fuel can I burn with such an engine? We’re in the middle of the science phase.”

According to Dean it will be another two to three years before they can answer all of those questions and decide if this complete re-imagining of engine design can become an actual, working product. Until then, jet engine engineers will continue pushing their designs to be more and more efficient. “People talk about rocket science and how hard rockets are,” he says. “We’re running at similar conditions in temperature and pressure that the first Saturn V rocket burned for 3 minutes. We now have to have engines that [do that] for thousands of hours. We have to do rocket science plus.”

In other words, it’s not as hard as rocket science. He says it’s “as hard as jet engine design.”
...

PratikDas · Post by **PratikDas** » 25 Mar 2017 05:56

The TU-142M is retiring and giving way to the P8I. Could it make a Kaveri testbed?

SaiK · Post by **SaiK** » 25 Mar 2017 06:20

possible, but it needs to be geared for that.. or converted. in the budget?

shiv · Post by **shiv** » 25 Mar 2017 09:15

The Tu-142 looks like an aircraft on which you could fit a Kaveri any place and it would not notice the difference - it would probably just feel and itch and scratch itself - just sayin..

Indranil · Post by **Indranil** » 25 Mar 2017 09:27

I was thinking about exactly this. Probably, it's too expensive to keep in the air.

This machine is one of kind. A true enigma. everything about it is unique. It amazes every aero nut I know.

Pratyush · Post by **Pratyush** » 25 Mar 2017 10:51

All this is well and good but from 2008 onward I have been reading about the imminent success of Kaveri. But it remains no where near completion.

So the question that I have is this. A clean slate design for a similar jet engine that can have applications for the AMCA is initiated today. How long will it take to realise and mature. Can it be on line and certified by 2025, or will it take longer than that. If it is taken as a national mission with no resource held back.

Indranil · Post by **Indranil** » 25 Mar 2017 11:01

What's holding us back is not design. It is the materials.

habal · Post by **habal** » 25 Mar 2017 11:43

Chinese have already shoehorned their J-11B in 1:1 config.

1 ws-10a and 1 AL-31, by the time we get our safran approved model up for flight tests, the chinese already have thousands of flight hours on their model, with lot of flight data to play with.

Except in case of imported planes and engines when all flight parameters are tested by end user,

desi maal has to be 100% from get go.

habal · Post by **habal** » 25 Mar 2017 11:48

Is there anyway BRF can arrange a meeting with Modi, ek white paper submit karna hain, and top of list should be flight testing platforms for kaveri. 2 each for cemilac and GTRE should be provided for further development of aero turbines. Also high altitude flight test centres built brand new from ground up, with technical inputs from ISRO. If we commit to something then ho jayega.

ramana · Post by **ramana** » 25 Mar 2017 12:12

Is it written?

habal · Post by **habal** » 25 Mar 2017 13:35

We can open thread for white paper, with contributions from all, end product should be compact, not more than 1 page. And facilitation & procurement of flight test platforms for indigenous turbine should be priority # 1.

Gagan · Post by **Gagan** » 25 Mar 2017 14:21

Have people seen Baba Kalyani's talk at AIS?
He has set up a 'Jet Propulsion Lab' in Bangalore and Pune, for jet engines.
His 25 kgf small jet engine is ready and is going for trials in the next few months. This is a small engine for UAV applications per him.
He is working on a bigger engine with 350 kgf
And a Helicopter engine too in pune.

He has employed ex-GTRE folks in Bangalore. The Bharat Forge group is even 3D orinting parts for them. This company works with all sorts of materials and alloys, including titanium. Pretty impressive presentation. There is another video of him with Shekhar Goopta, where he showcases the artillary systems he's built.
They have an ultralight Aluminium barrel 105mm truck mounted field gun too. He is making a 155 mm Titanium field howitzer also!

kit · Post by **kit** » 25 Mar 2017 15:53

Gagan wrote:Have people seen Baba Kalyani's talk at AIS?
He has set up a 'Jet Propulsion Lab' in Bangalore and Pune, for jet engines.
His 25 kgf small jet engine is ready and is going for trials in the next few months. This is a small engine for UAV applications per him.
He is working on a bigger engine with 350 kgf
And a Helicopter engine too in pune.

He has employed ex-GTRE folks in Bangalore. The Bharat Forge group is even 3D orinting parts for them. This company works with all sorts of materials and alloys, including titanium. Pretty impressive presentation. There is another video of him with Shekhar Goopta, where he showcases the artillary systems he's built.
They have an ultralight Aluminium barrel 105mm truck mounted field gun too. He is making a 155 mm Titanium field howitzer also!

more than anyone Bharat Forge does look like the one that is most promising !!

just see what Kalyani s credentials are as per wiki

""Babasaheb Kalyani was born in a Lingayat family on 7 January 1949 to Sulochana and Neelakanth Kalyani, a Pune-based technocrat and maker of auto components. He completed his high school from Rashtriya Military School Belgaum/Belgavi, formerly King George Royal Indian Military College. He attended BITS Pilani, from where he earned a BE(Hons.) in Mechanical Engineering in 1970,[6] and later Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he earned an MS degree""

small wonder !

pandyan · Post by **pandyan** » 25 Mar 2017 18:45

And he had to wait 2.5years to get approval for testing his gun. Approval never came so he flew it US to test it. Required ITAR and variety of other clearances. Thats 2.5 years lost. Only after seeing the video of gun test did local MOD and Army guys took him seriously

It will be interesting to see what flying testbed they would use. God speed!