UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

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deejay
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by deejay »

brar_w wrote:I am not familiar with how they wish to deploy this or how the three Indian services desire to integrate unmanned combat systems into their doctrine. Perhaps others like Deejay or Rohit could speak better to that end.
Loiter time is the best reason, Brar. Also, lower cost per hour of flying. IOR is massive. Even the regions we wish to patrol is massive. Effectively can't patrol every place (I will defer to T Sarkar ji here). Makes sense cutting operational costs for increased surveillance times.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by brar_w »

Thanks Deejay, I was referring to IAF and Indian Army doctrine and planned use of UCAVs and UASs of various classes over land.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by deejay »

brar_w wrote:Thanks Deejay, I was referring to IAF and Indian Army doctrine and planned use of UCAVs and UASs of various classes over land.
Nothing much that I have read in public domain. So that's how it is. Study of payloads should give some ideas.
ramana
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by ramana »

Wiki article on MQ-9 predator Drone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_A ... Q-9_Reaper

Relevant specs:
General characteristics
Crew: 0 onboard, 2 in ground station
Length: 36 ft 1 in (11 m)
Wingspan: 65 ft 7 in (20 m)
Height: 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)
Empty weight: 4,901 lb (2,223 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 10,494 lb (4,760 kg)
Fuel capacity: 4,000 lb (1,800 kg)
Payload: 3,800 lb (1,700 kg) Internal: 800 lb (360 kg)
External: 3,000 lb (1,400 kg)

Powerplant: 1 × Honeywell TPE331-10 turboprop, 900 hp (671 kW) with Digital Electronic Engine Control (DEEC)[163]

Performance
Maximum speed: 300 mph; 260 kn (482 km/h)
Cruise speed: 194 mph; 169 kn (313 km/h) [164]
Range: 1,151 mi; 1,852 km (1,000 nmi)
Endurance: 14 hours fully loaded[165]
Service ceiling: 50,000 ft (15,000 m)
Operational altitude: 25,000 ft (7.5 km)[166]


Avionics

AN/DAS-1 MTS-B Multi-Spectral Targeting System[169]
AN/APY-8 Lynx II radar[170]
Raytheon SeaVue Marine Search Radar (Guardian variants)[72]
The refs especially 72 -74 have details of the Guardian version.
22 Drones is a very large order based on other nations.

I think the Saras pusher prop technology can be integrated with a new airframe with LCA flight computer and INS to come up with Indian predator class UAV.

Key here is the turboprop availability.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by brar_w »

DSCA dropped a couple of FMS notifications today, one for India and another for Australia. Nothing on the Guardian sale to India as of yet but Trump administration has been announcing deals prior to FMS notifications so they could still announce the deal in this trip and formalize the notification later before moving toward negotiation.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Amber G. »

India is getting Heron TP armed drones.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Zynda »

It looks like export version of Heron TP drones will be limited by external payload capacity to 450 Kg while the Israeli version is capable of carrying up to 1000 Kg. I hope the Indian birds will not be subjected to restrictions that come with export variant given the bear hugs between the two PMs :) Also another fact is that Heron-TP complies with MTCR 2 and since India is now a member of MTCR, hopefully those restrictions won't apply!

Edit: The export variant is designated as Heron-TP XP by IAI and is limited by 450 Kg payload. Since the press reports mention of Heron-TP drone and not TP-XP, it is possible that we may be getting 1000 Kg payload variant.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by srin »

Talking about Herons (and forget the armed Heron TP), how are the unarmed Herons different from unarmed Guardian drones ? IN has been using Herons for a while, no ?
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by sum »

As we splurge huge money on UAVs in current Modi trip in Israel, zero news(progress) on the 2 projects from ADE:
Rustom and Nirbhay?
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Philip »

http://www.defencenews.in/article/MoD-k ... eal-263164
MoD kicks-off procurement of more than 5000 UAVs after IAI deal
Thursday, July 13, 2017
By: The Hindu Business Line

A Defence Ministry blueprint to procure more than 5,000 UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) for about $3 billion over the next 10 years, appears to have got off the mark, with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) teaming up with Bengaluru-based Dynamatic Technologies and Elcom Systems, in a deal that will cater to the production, assembly and support of UAVs in India.

UAVs have become a staple for surveillance activities at India’s border, and have been identified as an essential tool for the three military services. At present, the defence forces operate Israeli-made Searcher Mark I, Searcher Mark II, Heron and Herop UAVs, as well as the Indian-made Nishant.

In order to fill an immediate requirement, the Defence Ministry had, in July 2016, issued a combined tri-service requirement for the acquisition of 150 medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) UAVs. The request for information called for the UAVs to be procured under the Make in India initiative, with sources indicating the tenders would be restricted to domestic companies that teamed up with foreign firms.

Shalom Revivo, Director, Sales and Marketing, IAI, told BusinessLine that the collaboration agreements “are based on the transfer of technology for the benefit of local production, as part of the Indian government’s Make in India policy.”

Given the long, historical ties between IAI and India, and India being IAI’s “main strategic customer for 25 years”, he said it is the company’s intention to transfer a significant part of its UAV activity to India in the near future.

This would bode well for the forces, with sources indicating that the Indian Army proposes to equip UAVs to its battalion, while the Air Force plans to have fully operational squadrons of surveillance UAVs. The Navy, too, has a huge demand demand for MALE and tactical UAVs.

IAI has said: “The combination of DTL’s superior aerospace production technologies and experience with UAVs in India, Elcom’s technology platforms in the fields of electronics and communications, and IAI’s UAV technologies and experience..” would be able to usher in the best of products for the Indian market.

The deal envisages creation of a UAV-manufacturing facility in India, as also a training centre to provide the requisite talent pool.

Though the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is developing a variety of UAVs, sources indicated that more tenders will be soon floated for a variety of UAVs, given the huge requirement by the forces.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by sum »

^^ 5000 UAVs?

If such local setups with Israelis are being created for these imported guys, will there be takers for the DRDO ones whenever they are ready ( and it looks pretty grim going by the slipping timelines). Usually, once the Israelis get into something, tough to dislodge them later!
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Manish_P »

5000.. a majority percentage of them would be squad level mini-UAVs and trooper level micro-UAVs like the IAI birdeye, the IAI mosquito etc
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by sum »

^^ These are the ones we should have built a large desi base of by now( in the mould of Cheen) and could then slowly perfect ourselves in the more complex UCAVs, Long Endurance UAVs etc.
But, by what was posted on BRF, even the only one decent product in this category: Netra had a horrible reputation among forces and doesnt look to be having too bright future ahead( other than the initial push due to indigenisation drive from top brass of forces). The Rustom and other programmes are complete mysteries regarding their status and slipping deadlines and so would assume they are not in the best of shape

With the IAI getting a tight grip on this large volumes market ( micro and mini UAVs), wonder if any desi solution will ever be able to develop due to existing solution already being there.
UlanBatori
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by UlanBatori »

The UAV Drone is typically a high aspect ratio, fairly slow-flying, high-altitude, long-endurance gizmo that maybe carries 1 or 2 missiles to deliver when the momeen say "AOA!" from the ground.

"UCAV" AFAIK is a highly-maneuverable high-speed gizmo with no human inside. IIRC, F-16s have been flown in that mode, but that is a waste of all the space and weight and subsystems needed because there is a human pilot. Otherwise the front would be pointy and low-drag, and the UCAV designs are coming out as flying wings. No reason at all why India can't start testing the basic LCA platform remote-piloted or autonomous (OK, over the Pakistan ocean onlee pls) with Super-Kaveri injins. Except lack of Fire in Da Belly.

Manufacturing quality on a UCAV can be a lot worse than on a human-piloted vehicle. Engine MTBF can be a lot shorter (a UCAV falling down can probably do more Islamagood than a missile launched by the same UCAV). Why not use this to jump-start mass-production of both UCAVs AND SuperKaveri injins?

The main issue is Credible Deterrence. Plus the occasional Surge-e-Kill ishtrike into PakJab.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Rishi_Tri »

Should DRDO or any other govt entity even spend time on smaller drones? Shouldn't private sector be given the contracts? Remember seeing pictures in ToI of a few young guns (all of us here too are young guns :)) carrying drones at some Policing Exhibition in Delhi. Dont know if people have been tried or given a chance?

Surprised at our slow pace on Tapas (rechristened from Rustom) given that Rustom 1 flew years back. In fact, why are we not using Rustom 1 for apt missions. Even Saudis, Iranis have similar birds, though not sure they can fly.

OT:
Still remember the first flight video of Rustom 1 when it almost took out the curious dog. Would have validated kill characteristics. :) All in jest.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Indranil »

The market is fully wide open for everybody. Now Indian private sector hasn't come up with something significant yet.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by srai »

^^^
Anyone know which Indian private companies are working on UAVs? Which kinds?
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by UlanBatori »

Does anyone know about UAV flight rules in desh, pls? (yes, i know: No one shall phly without permission. No permission). Or what agency to approach to get permission by working with them on requirements? Will tell you why, up front.

We want to leapfrog infrastructure by enabling UAV deliver/pickup in all 660,000 villages. UAVs taking off from trains and trucks while they are in motion (eventually) so that the hub/spoke model is not the only way to go.

But long before that, one demo say at an engg college cricket ground, showing what can be done by slinging the load on a tether below the UAV instead of holding it like a spider. The latter is what causes risk to/from dogs, kids, FOD, windows breaking due to downwash picking up pebbles, etc etc.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by schinnas »

UlanBatori wrote:
But long before that, one demo say at an engg college cricket ground, showing what can be done by slinging the load on a tether below the UAV instead of holding it like a spider. The latter is what causes risk to/from dogs, kids, FOD, windows breaking due to downwash picking up pebbles, etc etc.
Google (or rather Alphabet's moonshot division) has a working model that is being tested with real customers in Australia to deliver drugs to rural areas that uses the concept of slinging the load on a tether below. Google chacha will throw up enough details for those interested. So not posting here.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by UlanBatori »

We know...

So how do we get baboon interested in desh is the pooch. Not necessarily Googal, in fact we don't have any foot under door there (if anyone can help in that, MUCH obliged, may your goats feed on the richest tulip crop in IslamaGood).

But u c the breakthrough potential? 2-hr delivery anywhere, don't even mess with the roads. More ppl in India need lifesaving drugs and other gizmos, than in the Kangaroostan boonies.
Last edited by UlanBatori on 16 Jul 2017 06:15, edited 1 time in total.
schinnas
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by schinnas »

UlanBatori wrote:We know...

So how do we get baboon interested in desh is the pooch. Not necessarily Googal, in fact we don't have any foot under door there (if anyone can help in that, MUCH obliged, may your goats feed on the richest tulip crop in IslamaGood). We do have a technology that can do this much better than imagined. Developed for u-no-hu to transport humvees much quicker over aarpeegeestan. Googal IMO winches the load down, for which we have no need.

But u c the breakthrough potential? 2-hr delivery anywhere, don't even mess with the roads. More ppl in India need lifesaving drugs and other gizmos, than in the Kangaroostan boonies.
Absolutely, I see the potential.. but I am not sure it is the job of baboons. Private industry needs to step up. The start up eco system and private ventures are mostly focussed on service industries and software products. Very rarely we get to see private industry investing in R&D in electronic and mechanical industry. Any exceptions here only prove this observation.

Government baboons do try to help by coming up with ideas such as aerospace tech park, etc., but they are still aimed at fostering a service industry and ecosystem for commoditised spare parts to MNC majors. Nothing that truly incentivises R&D and manufacture of drones or robots. Government can do much to change this sorry state of affairs. It can provide cost effective infrastructure for the private industry to incubate new ideas in this area and providing tax sops and some mechanism to provide guaranteed purchase once the technical requirements are met by private parties. This would involve some out of the box arrangement and risk taking. For example, instead of buying all the micro and mini drones from Israel, we can just buy the most urgent need from Israel and fund few Indian private players with a development contract to develop similar drones within a stipulated time. In this case, government can release money gradually upon seeing progress with penalty for slowness in delivery compared to agreed upon SLAs. This would be very different than a tender process, and has scope for corruption, but there arent many options to quickly bootstrap a private industry.

Private players may import the needed talent from any country and put things together quickly and establish a manufacturing base which will bring the costs down for bottom of the drone pyramid. Govt also may not have much objections to expats working on low and medium end of drones as long as certain conditions are met.

..........

When I visited Sikkim recently, especially areas near the border, it was obvious that in several areas in mountainous regions there is only one road which acts as the lifeline. Any enemy action during wartime or landslides anytime can make those places unreachable except through air support. Helicopters are a risky and expensive way of providing logistics at high altitudes. Drones are the best bet.

India can only ignore drones and robots to its own peril. Instead of asking DRDO to solve the vast gap that exists, government needs to further encourage and incentivise private industry to do more here. DRDO can work on higher end of the drone pyramid once there is enough eco system and good pool of human resources with enough knowledge and experience in that area. The pace of innovation and scope for creativity and application in this area can only be handled by a very thriving and hyper competitive private industry. There is no chance for any government monopolies to do anything worthwhile in this space. It would be just a wrong strategy.

Just my 2c.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Indranil »

srai wrote:^^^
Anyone know which Indian private companies are working on UAVs? Which kinds?
Tata acquired a variety of startups and collaborated with many more. The largest UAS that they have showcased is the Magline Cruiser II series. Through acquisition of Aurora, they also have access to some balloon based systems.

Kadet Systems have talked about scaling all the way up to UAV version of Hansa.

Then there is Piramal, Ideaforge, Johnnette etc.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by UlanBatori »

Schinnas: In the case of UAVs the problem is that there is no "FAA-equivalent" regulation, other than that if you fly anything we will shoot it down and certainly arrest you. Even in the US the FAA bans UAVs. This is why Googal etc are testing everything in phoren countries such as Australia and Rwanda (and UK, surprisingly - maybe they actually test in the Falklands). This is the question that I have - how to get to the appropriate Indian Baboon to discuss how to bring about the regulatory environment that makes sense.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by UlanBatori »

Through acquisition of Aurora
Tata has acquired THE Aurora systems which used to be a DARPA favored baby? :eek:
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Gyan »

UlanBatori wrote:The UAV Drone is typically a high aspect ratio, fairly slow-flying, high-altitude, long-endurance gizmo that maybe carries 1 or 2 missiles to deliver when the momeen say "AOA!" from the ground.

"UCAV" AFAIK is a highly-maneuverable high-speed gizmo with no human inside. IIRC, F-16s have been flown in that mode, but that is a waste of all the space and weight and subsystems needed because there is a human pilot. Otherwise the front would be pointy and low-drag, and the UCAV designs are coming out as flying wings. No reason at all why India can't start testing the basic LCA platform remote-piloted or autonomous (OK, over the Pakistan ocean onlee pls) with Super-Kaveri injins. Except lack of Fire in Da Belly.

Manufacturing quality on a UCAV can be a lot worse than on a human-piloted vehicle. Engine MTBF can be a lot shorter (a UCAV falling down can probably do more Islamagood than a missile launched by the same UCAV). Why not use this to jump-start mass-production of both UCAVs AND SuperKaveri injins?

The main issue is Credible Deterrence. Plus the occasional Surge-e-Kill ishtrike into PakJab.
Pls don't give sane commonsense suggestions like an Indian. MoD does not need you. Better say, let's import from USA, ISRAEL etc. Sounds better.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by deejay »

UlanBatori wrote:Does anyone know about UAV flight rules in desh, pls? (yes, i know: No one shall phly without permission. No permission). Or what agency to approach to get permission by working with them on requirements? Will tell you why, up front.

We want to leapfrog infrastructure by enabling UAV deliver/pickup in all 660,000 villages. UAVs taking off from trains and trucks while they are in motion (eventually) so that the hub/spoke model is not the only way to go.

But long before that, one demo say at an engg college cricket ground, showing what can be done by slinging the load on a tether below the UAV instead of holding it like a spider. The latter is what causes risk to/from dogs, kids, FOD, windows breaking due to downwash picking up pebbles, etc etc.
Best agencies to contact for permissions are willing State Govts. You see, Govts can fly UAVs as per regulation.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Zynda »

DGCA was supposed to come out with rules for civilian UAV operation in India. This info is around a year old. Not sure if they have made any progress on this.

Edit: It seems like DGCA has issued directives on commercial/civilian drone operations rules in Indian airspace. Will post relevant articles/sections as I find them.

Here is a DNA India article about the same from a year ago!

Own a drone? Here’s what you need to know about the DGCA’s guidelines for operating them

Posting excerpts:
So if you already own a drone, or are thinking of buying one, here’s are the key takeaways from the document:

Obtain a UIN for the craft: “All unmanned aircraft intended to be operated in India will require an Unique Identification Number (UIN) issued from DGCA.”

This applies to all types of UA owner, from the smallest to the largest, and will only be granted to a citizen of India. In the case of a company or body, it has to be registered and his its principal place of business within India, its chairman and at least two-thirds of its directors are citizens of India and its substantial ownership and effective control is vested in Indian nationals.)

To obtain this UIN, the following will need to be submitted to the DGCA:

Address of Operator along with contact details with valid identity proof (or in the case of a company, the TIN.)

Purpose of UA operation.

Specification of the UAS (manufacturer name, type, model number, year of manufacture, weight and size, type of propulsion system, flying capabilities in terms of maximum endurance, range and height, etc. including details of equipment.)

Police verification of the drone operator from the local sub-divisional police office.

Permission for all frequencies used in UAS operations from Department of Telecommunication. Note: It is unclear whether this is required even for unlicensed frequencies such as WiFi.

Copy of Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual.

Copy of manufacturer’s maintenance guidelines.

Craft identification plate: Every craft will need to have an identification plate (made of fire proof material) inscribed with UIN and RFID tag or SIM, which shall be affixed to the UA for identifying ownership.

Obtain a UA operator permit (UAOP): This will only be required where the drone is operated at or above 200 feet in uncontrolled airspace. So if a drone is used for recreation purposes below this altitude indoors or in an open area where air traffic is not provided via a control service (such as a control tower,) an operator permit would not be required. The craft UIN and the identification plate would still be required though.
Sorry for absence of formatting...

A link to the original draft PDF copy on DGCA's website: PDF
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by UlanBatori »

Terrific! That is immensely helpful onlee. Seems well-considered esp. polis verif. reqmt.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by nash »

http://www.financialexpress.com/india-n ... al/772379/
The US has confirmed that the critical Category One UAV technology from US-based General Atomics has been released, acceding to India’s strong request. Also, the Indian Air Force has requested for 100 units of Predator C Avenger aircraft worth $8 bn.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Cybaru »

Way better purchase than F-16/Crapen.. Where is the TM symbol? :twisted:
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by ldev »

nash wrote:http://www.financialexpress.com/india-n ... al/772379/
The US has confirmed that the critical Category One UAV technology from US-based General Atomics has been released, acceding to India’s strong request. Also, the Indian Air Force has requested for 100 units of Predator C Avenger aircraft worth $8 bn.
From this article:
Earlier this year, the Indian Air Force (IAF) had also officially requested the US government for General Atomics Predator C Avenger aircraft. This request is being actively considered by the White House as a second step after operationalising the 22 Guardian aircraft for the Indian Navy.
As military aviation transforms globally to autonomous systems, US and India have a great opportunity to collaborate at the highest levels of technology and innovation. Overall Indian requirement for UAVs is approximately 650 units.
That's a lot of UCAVs, almost a parallel UCAV IAF.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by srai »

nash wrote:http://www.financialexpress.com/india-n ... al/772379/
The US has confirmed that the critical Category One UAV technology from US-based General Atomics has been released, acceding to India’s strong request. Also, the Indian Air Force has requested for 100 units of Predator C Avenger aircraft worth $8 bn.
Where will the money come from for MII single-engine fighter too? Shopping list is long and expensive but there is only so much money in the pot.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Cybaru »

Given the long loiter time, real time surveillance capabilities and possibly missile capability which we need to prevent incursions on both borders, this is more valuable than the MIISingleEngined acquisition. 8 billion spent here brings more to the table than buying an older platform thats at the end of shelf life.
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Manish_Sharma »

nash wrote:http://www.financialexpress.com/india-n ... al/772379/
The US has confirmed that the critical Category One UAV technology from US-based General Atomics has been released, acceding to India’s strong request. Also, the Indian Air Force has requested for 100 units of Predator C Avenger aircraft worth $8 bn.
Specifications From Wikipedia :
General characteristics

Crew: 2 (ground control)
Length: 44 ft (13 m)
Wingspan: 66 ft (20 m) sweep angle 17°
Max takeoff weight: 18,200 lb (8,255 kg)
Fuel capacity: 7,900 pounds (3,600 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW545B turbofan, 3,991[30] lbf (17.75 kN) thrust
Performance

Maximum speed: 460 mph (740 km/h; 400 kn)
Cruise speed: 402 mph (647 km/h; 349 kn)
Endurance: 18 hours
Service ceiling: 50,000 ft (15,000 m)
Armament

Internal weapons bay with 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg) capacity. 6 external hardpoints. 6,500 pounds (2,900 kg) payload total.

AGM-114 Hellfire missiles
GBU-39 SDB – 250 lb bombs
GBU-12 Paveway II, GBU-38 JDAM – 500 lb bombs
GBU-16 Paveway II, GBU-32 JDAM – 1000 lb bombs
GBU-31 JDAM – 2000 lb bombs
HELLADS 150 kW directed energy weapon[31]


Avionics

Lynx Synthetic Aperture Radar

AESA Wide-area surveillance sensor

MS-177 multi-spectral imaging sensor
[15]
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Karan M »

USAF doesnt want it. Says not good enough. But we want 100 of them.
Austin
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Austin »

srai wrote: Where will the money come from for MII single-engine fighter too? Shopping list is long and expensive but there is only so much money in the pot.
We will have Indian style QE , print as much as one wants
VinodTK
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by VinodTK »

Karan M wrote:USAF doesnt want it. Says not good enough. But we want 100 of them.
USAF might not need them; however what is wrong in procuring them if IAF really needs them!
Karan M
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Karan M »

If the primary customer refuses them, then how sure are we they will meet IAF needs?? 8 Billion is not chump change. There has been no MMRCA style evaluation of them either!!
Karan M
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Re: UAVs, Drones, Remote Surveillance Tech

Post by Karan M »

I am surprised why 100 units! IAF only has 36 Rafales, cant some part of that money go to buy 18 more Rafales? Where will the GOI get 8 Billion from?
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