LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

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Viv S
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Viv S »

JayS wrote:Well, Capacity and length of one cycle are both related to each other, don't they..?? And they would be in some stage of production already for all we know. Do we have any reason to believe they are not..?
Not really. For example, the build cycle for the F-35 & Rafale/SH/F-16 is similar but there's a vast difference in the production capacity of programs.
Basically the "9 month" info is useless to make any definite assertions because it does not specify what it refers to exactly.
Like I said, IMO its mostly likely the assembly work done at HAL. The timing fits the work profile. From the piece by Ajai Shukla -

HAL plans to eventually outsource 69 per cent of the production of Tejas structural modules, with just 31 per cent of the work done in-house – consisting mainly of assembly and equipping work.

But yes, there may be other functions being temporarily performed by HAL during the transition to the new production model that have been excluded from that timetable.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Zynda »

Completely OT but Dynamatics was selected to manf & supply flap tracks for A350 I think. Some of these small time folks are slowly rising up the value chain in aerospace.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Viv S »

AlphaTocol's been tasked with manufacturing the rear fuselage. From its products page -

Image

Can someone decipher this?
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Viv S »

Zynda wrote:Completely OT but Dynamatics was selected to manf & supply flap tracks for A350 I think. Some of these small time folks are slowly rising up the value chain in aerospace.
They certainly deserve to be a preferential vendor for HAL/MoD (along with TASL) more than the likes of Reliance or Adani that supposedly 'racing for a slice of the big defence pie'.

An Ajai Shukla article from last year. Worth a full read.

Dynamatic and the long road to “Make in India” - Feb 2016
Dynamatic started out in licence-raj India as a manufacturer of hydraulics pumps. Still in that business, the company’s revenue now comes mostly from automotive components built in Chennai and Germany for a range of carmakers, including BMW, Mercedes Benz and Audi. Meanwhile it moves steadily towards becoming a large fabricator of aerospace components and systems --- the gold standard of precision manufacturing.

While the National Democratic Alliance talks up the “Make in India” project as a quick fix for galvanising indigenisation, it has taken Dynamatic thirty years to build this capability.

Today, Dynamatic builds “flap track beam assemblies” for every one of the 54 single-aisle airliners that Airbus assembles each month. If this assembly --- critical for an airliner’s balance, lift and turn --- were not delivered on time and to precise specifications, the assembly of A-318, A-319, A-320 and A-321 aircraft in France (50 per month) and China (four per month) would grind to a halt.

Dynamatic is also a growing supplier to Boeing. Starting with an offset-linked order for mission and power cabinets for the Indian Navy’s eight Boeing P8-I multi-mission maritime aircraft, Boeing quickly expanded the order to encompass every P8 aircraft being built for the US and Australian navies. Pleased with what they saw, Boeing then placed orders on Dynamatic for the Chinook CH-47E helicopters that India is buying. The Chinook’s main pylon and ramp, which will start being delivered next month, are the most sophisticated aero structures being exported from India.

For the Indian aerospace market, Dynamatics builds one-sixth of the airframe of the Sukhoi-30MKI fighter, shipping part to Nashik where Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) integrates them into the fighter. In November, HAL presented the company its “best supplier” award.
Instead of providing foreign vendors with a sweatshop for reducing costs through low-wage labour, Dynamatic has fashioned a multi-national capability based on comparative advantage. In 2008, Dynamatics bought over a Bristol-based, family-owned concern called Oldland. In 2011, it acquired a 630-year-old German automotive components manufacturer, Eisenwerke Erla GmbH, gaining access to a world-class foundry and cutting-edge research and development facilities.

“In fabricating aerospace and high-tech automotive components, each part of us does what they are best at. We machine the most complex parts in Bristol; and ship those to India, where we do the final assembly. Western Europe is the best place for complex, five-axis robotic machining. So we use robotic machining facilities there, since labour is expensive, while capital is cheap --- just 2 per cent, compared to 12 per cent here. Then we transport those machined components to India, where our strength is artisanal manufacture, and assemble them here. This global delivery model is winning us business against global competition”, says Malhoutra.
Dynamatic lays emphasis on doing more for their customers than just providing manufacturing and assembly capacity. This is highlighted to me at the Bell-407 helicopter cabin assembly unit, which was set up after a $243 million deal in 2013 for building cabins over the succeeding ten years.

I learn that a bevy of Bell Helicopter technicians hovering over the assembly line are overseeing the conversion by Dynamatic of two-dimension paper blueprints that Bell Helicopter provided, into three-dimension computer models that are far more precise, and have tighter tolerances than the old paper drawings. Digitising the drawings creates a baseline configuration for greater accuracy. This streamlines manufacture, while also benefiting the customer.

Malhoutra recounts that, when Dynamatic first began digitising a drawing, his overseas customer cautioned that this was not part of the contract and would not be paid for. But when the digitisation was complete, it was evident that manufacturing according to the two-dimensional paper blueprint would leave tiny gaps between the different components in the assembly. Earlier, as per twentieth-century manufacturing practice, the tiny gaps between components were filled with shims. But by digitising blueprints, those tiny gaps could be entirely eliminated during manufacture.
Malhoutra claims to run Dynamatic as a meritocracy across 3,000 employees, including 600 engineers and 60 scientists. The company runs the largest aerospace skills development programme outside of HAL; and has adopted the Industrial Training Institute at nearby Devanhalli, aiming to turn it into India’s first aerospace ITI.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Gyan »

ramana wrote:Gyan, Do we know the definitive changes in Mk1A? I don't think there are any structural changes.

To my knowledge there is no definitive information or public release about MK-1A changes. But There was lot of talk of weight reduction and internal re-arrangement of internal components which are both non-trivial task. Frankly I don't even think that Air to Air refueling will be given for LCA Mark-1A. If LCA Mk-1A is to roll out as per the schedule indicated by Ajai Shukla then the components for the first 16-32 aircraft MK-1A should have been ordered by now.

So the Schedule for Mk-1A is slightly realistic if the only major change is drop in AESA radar and other things like weight reduction & re-arrangement of internal components is left out till 2022. As per CAG report substantial amount of money for second batch of 20 LCA (ie after first 20) had been already spend by 2015, so I think that there is 50/50 chance that LCA will not be Arjun 2 and will go ahead on schedule but I don't think order for AESA radar & jammer has been issued yet.

https://www.livefistdefence.com/2016/06 ... hosen.html
On maintainability alone, the Tejas Mk.1A will have the 43 improvements out of 57 planned on the bigger, more powerful Tejas Mk.2:
http://idrw.org/roadmap-for-200-lca-mk- ... -update-2/
HAL plans to field first LCA-I P by 2017 and plans are in place to improve aircraft’s weight by shaving off 800 kilograms and reduce dead weight in the aircraft. HAL also has promised to reduce downtime on the serviceability of the aircraft by making them much more maintenance friendly at the depot level.
http://idrw.org/hal-pushes-for-orders-o ... -aircraft/
Sources close to idrw.org earlier had confirmed that IAF agreed to HAL request to allow it to develop Tejas MK-I + which will factor in EW and AESA but also incorporate weight reduction along with easier service maintainability which will thus reduce downtime of each aircraft.
http://ajaishukla.blogspot.in/2017/07/a ... tejas.html
Of the four upgrades, the most operationally crucial involved equipping the Tejas with AESA radar, in place of the Tejas’ mechanically scanned Israeli Elta EL/M 2032 radar; and a “self-protection jammer” (SPJ) carried in an external pod under the Tejas’ wing.

Two other upgrades – improving the “maintainability” of the fighter, and fitting it with external refueling capability are already well in hand.
We have discussed Air to Air refueling probe on BRF quite extensively. I think the last news was that the placement might need to be improved. Maintainability issue is very subjective and I am not aware of any open source information.

Now coming to very Basics the AESA radar and Jammer, IIRC the tender was issued in Dec 2016 and there no reports if it was awarded. As such if next batch after 20 is going to be Mk 1A then I am skeptical about time lines. I think that it would be better to go with LCA Mk1 Configuration with first 40 aircraft as originally planned and then switch to AESA etc ie MK1A after that from 2021 onwards. After all super duper costly Mirage 2000 upgrade will continue and get conventional radars right Upto 2022.
Last edited by Gyan on 17 Aug 2017 20:09, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by JayS »

VivS,

HAL has been making most if not all of those sub-assemblies in-house which will be given out to these four companies now (remember the LCA assembly line tour dine by some local news channel - news9 was it..? We could see sub-assembly jigs. Not all of them will disappear but a lot less work now at every station). Dynamatic for example is just recently selected as a supplier, other being selected over last 1yr. It will take a while for them to get started. We should see even less time than 9months until MK1A comes for MFG. TSR has mentioned earlier that the target for HAL is 80% outsourcing (which would enable HAL to produce 25/yr LCAs). Currently they are reaching 69%. So some more scope is there.

I liked the way Dynamatic Tech is growing. They have acquired some plants in Europe which give them good chance to work for Airbus and other OEMs. Currently there is consolidation happening in the Aerospace industry where a large number of Tier-II/III companies are being taken over by a handful of Tier-I companies. I hope these upcoming Indian Tier-I companies put some thought in acquiring some of these small suppliers to grow inorganically before the chance runs out. GOI should sit down with these companies make a roadmap and throw its weight behind these companies for acquisitions. Had people like Ambanis or Adanis really wanted to get in defense sector with a proper mindset and not to just get a piece of pie just for the sake of it no-one had stopped them from acquiring a handful of companies and start building a portfolio in Global supply chain. Very good companies like Volvo Aero, Fokker were on sale in last decade and no one bothered to acquire them.

PS: I am willing to bet that the final assembly and Equipment stage takes about 3-4 months currently and not 9 months, based on the capacity of the secondary line that HAL has opened.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Indranil »

^^^ Currently the equipping stage is at 2 months giving the 6 aircraft per year capacity.

Viv,

If you order a fighter today, you are not likely to get it before 3 years. That part is correct because of the lead times of the subassemblies. But the aircrafts themselves spend a fraction of that time on the assembly floor. How much is obviously dependent on the assembly line in question. At the height of the production (early 80s), a single F-16 spent days on the line, not months. The same is going to be true of F-35s soon. The same goes for airliners today with large orders.

In the simplest view, an assembly line is like any pipeline. The more the number of stages, the finer the level of parallelism. So given infinite freedom, you want to break down the work to the smallest atomic piece of work. An ideal pipeline would break the stages such that each stage takes the same amount of time. But, in the real world, there is one bottleneck stage which takes the largest amount of time and becomes the rate determining stage. The time an aircraft sits on the assembly line is the time spent in this stage multiplied by the number of stages.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Rakesh »

^^^ And 3 years is the industry standard. Lockheed Martin, Boeing, MiG, Sukhoi, Dassault, Saab, etc all take around the same time.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Cain Marko »

sum wrote:End of the naval fighter dream then. The statements by CNS are as clear and definitive as possible with no scope of ambiguity
That the Navy even signed up for the mk1 was surprising. As the nlca developed, it became quite clear that it would not fit the bill. They realized this early enough for the mk2, that's all
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by JayS »

Indranil wrote:^^^ Currently the equipping stage is at 2 months giving the 6 aircraft per year capacity.
.
Which means they have only one jig/station for equipping phase..? I thought they have 2 at least.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by ramana »

Usually 18 months is taken for getting the long lead components and next 12 months are for structures and last 6 months for final assembly and test.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Marten »

One of Ajai Shukla's articles mentioned 45 days for the final equipping stage.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Indranil »

JayS wrote:
Indranil wrote:^^^ Currently the equipping stage is at 2 months giving the 6 aircraft per year capacity.
.
Which means they have only one jig/station for equipping phase..? I thought they have 2 at least.
ah! That's a good catch. Now, I am not sure. Have to go in for some fresh chai. Anyhow, that duration is being shortened. It is really heartening to see all this Tier 1 suppliers coming up. The more they mature the more this subassemblies will be complete, and the lesser will be the time require during and after mating!

1. This is the path. Not the single engine aircraft nonsense.
2. Please make VK Saraswat sir or VK Singh sahab the DM.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by ramana »

Marten,
It still has to go through final electrical and system tests. It takes a while.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Karan M »

Viv S wrote:AlphaTocol's been tasked with manufacturing the rear fuselage. From its products page -

Image

Can someone decipher this?
Pylons - Inboard
Outboard
Under fuselage
Laser Designation pod
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Karan M »

there are seven + 1 special (LDP) stores on the LCA
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by JayS »

Indranil wrote:
JayS wrote:
Which means they have only one jig/station for equipping phase..? I thought they have 2 at least.
ah! That's a good catch. Now, I am not sure. Have to go in for some fresh chai. Anyhow, that duration is being shortened. It is really heartening to see all this Tier 1 suppliers coming up. The more they mature the more this subassemblies will be complete, and the lesser will be the time require during and after mating!

1. This is the path. Not the single engine aircraft nonsense.
2. Please make VK Saraswat sir or VK Singh sahab the DM.
couldnt agree more on both 1 & 2.

I have tried to figure out how many sets they have from various videos of LCA MFG facility, but I couldn't. Its very much possible that they have set up the line such that the equipment phase has only one station. As per plan if the target is 45days for the bottleneck stage then for 8/yr rate it makes sense. Only thing is it was high risk proposition. But now they have another secondary line, so some slack is there on that 45 day target.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by shiv »

From a private list:
Prasun Sengupta writes on technical issues about IN, IAF and Army. I chanced upon this recent (dated 15/8/17) 'appraisal of future IAF requirements' as penned by said individual. Interesting details picked up from publicly available sources have been cleverly interwoven as if he were creating an ASR for future aircraft acquisitions - To his credit, the author has gone to great lengths to obtain information and images. Forwarded because it has been presented in a form that seems to be aimed at influencing decision makers, within and outside outside the IAF. The bias towards certain technologies and suppliers is evident.

https://trishul-trident.blogspot.in/201 ... ality.html

One interesting aspect is that a largely imported series of engines will be given the moniker "Kaveri' so that these appear to be a products of indigenous R&D and manufacture!
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by NRao »

shiv wrote: One interesting aspect is that a largely imported series of engines will be given the moniker "Kaveri' so that these appear to be a products of indigenous R&D and manufacture!
Perhaps meant for the Kaveri thread.

I have never understood this. IF India is paying for the *development* of AN engine OR a part of an engine, what is wrong in calling it an Indian engine?

Why is the French effort WRT the Kaveri "imported"? India has willingly paid for it, it is part of a game plan devised with the express knowledge of all teh players and yet people seem to treat it as a plague!!!!! What do people who oppose this think are the alternatives?

Heck the delta between a GE F414 and the GE F414 INS6 is INDIAN!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Indian IP!!!!! ( I am aware that someone had an emoticon for me stating "India IP").

So too is the GE engine meant for the AMCA - Indian IP.

The French effort for the Kaveri is Indian. India paid for it, the French worked on it - granted. At the end of the of the day it is Indian. India can do as it pleases with that engine.

:evil:
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Aditya_V »

Nrao-> You cannot buy your way here, unless you have the capability to produce the Engine, learn to develop more advanced engines or develop a family of engines, it is still an import. It is like F-16 Blk 60 UAE ownign IP, no matter what happens UAE cannot modify the system without US nod. US can make a few minor changes and call it F-16 Blk 70 and sell it.

So unless we have IP to manufacture, modify it, we don't own the real IP. it is like the ALH skathi engines, we have should be owning and manufacturing doing everything with the Engine now but in reality it is the French who own it.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Rakesh »

Well said Aditya. The only relief with the French is that they have no scruples. They will sell to anyone with cash. The HAL Shakti is the Turbomeca Ardiden 1H onlee. Giving it an Indian name does not make it Indian. But we know how to do cut-and-paste with that engine. Basically screwdrivergiri. The same will happen with the Kaveri, **IF** Snecma-Safran succeeds. They have the technical know-how, whether they actually want to do it...is a totally different story.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by ramana »

You know you guys are being neti! neti!

Dr. S. Christopher garu is a different kind of DRDO chief.
Quiet efficient person. No flamboyance or out of context flashes.
He said in the end it will be ours and so it shall be.
I trust him.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Rakesh »

Ramana ji, I would love to believe that. I really would. but evidence states otherwise.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Rakesh »

Cross Posting from the Su-30MKI: News & Discussion thread...

As Sukhoi-30MKI production nears end, HAL worries about future orders
http://ajaishukla.blogspot.ca/2017/08/a ... s-end.html
Meanwhile, in Bengaluru, HAL is ramping up the production line for building the Tejas Mark-1 fighter, but has orders in hand for only 20 aircraft. The defence ministry has cleared the purchase of another 83 Tejas Mark 1A, but an actual contract would most likely be years away.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Cybaru »

This is kind of interesting.

If we do make AMCA and we need 115-120KN engine, would working with snecma get us such an engine? Yes.
a. Can we export this engine or a product containing this engine to other countries without signing Cismoa and beca etc? Yes.
b. Is it all French content? No, significant Indian component - the easy stuff, but still it is Indian stuff. Way better than screwdriver girl of AL-31F
c. can we further improve the engine as time goes by with French collaboration by paying for R&D in India? Yes
d. can we create a class of engines based on the same tech UAV/NLCAMarine/Railways? Yes

Will we ever get to a full Indian engine? Maybe 20 years later than expected, but this is a product in the right direction.

Does not producing shakti engine fully in India stop us from exporting ALH/LCH/LUH to other countries? NO
Can we do the same had we gone with LTECH 700? probably not.

When china follows this script we say 'waah waah'. When India does it we say it brings no value. How come the double standard?
It is good enough for now. We can change the definition of good enough once we get here.
Last edited by Cybaru on 22 Aug 2017 02:06, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Rakesh »

Thanks CY for spelling it out so clearly. I would rather go down this route than with the Amreekis. With the latter, policies change when administrations change. The definition of strategic partner changes from one administration to the next. Nothing evil about it. It is just the way the American system is set up.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by sudeepj »

Rakesh wrote:Thanks CY for spelling it out so clearly. I would rather go down this route than with the Amreekis. With the latter, policies change when administrations change. The definition of strategic partner changes from one administration to the next. Nothing evil about it. It is just the way the American system is set up.
Really? American alliances have been remarkably stable. Japan, S Korea, Taiwan, Israel, Saudi Arabia ...
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Rakesh »

You are referring to nations that have a strategic relationship/partnership with the United States for decades. India and the US are still figuring each other out. Still very much a buyer-seller relationship despite all the verbal statements. We do not have a relationship **currently** with America like Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Israel or Saudi Arabia enjoy. Apples & Oranges comparison.

And the alliances that the US enjoys with these countries has value for the American citizenry or for American interests.

Saudi Arabia: Oil.
Israel: Bible Belt America.
Japan, South Korea & Taiwan: China
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Cybaru »

sudeepj wrote: Really? American alliances have been remarkably stable. Japan, S Korea, Taiwan, Israel, Saudi Arabia ...
But it's not an alliance. It is a buyer-seller relationship and not a real partnership at the moment.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Kashi »

sudeepj wrote:Really? American alliances have been remarkably stable. Japan, S Korea, Taiwan, Israel, Saudi Arabia ...
You forgot Iran and Pakistan...
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Kakarat »

Cybaru wrote:This is kind of interesting.

If we do make AMCA and we need 115-120KN engine, would working with snecma get us such an engine? Yes.
a. Can we export this engine or a product containing this engine to other countries without signing Cismoa and beca etc? Yes.
b. Is it all French content? No, significant Indian component - the easy stuff, but still it is Indian stuff. Way better than screwdriver girl of AL-31F
c. can we further improve the engine as time goes by with French collaboration by paying for R&D in India? Yes
d. can we create a class of engines based on the same tech UAV/NLCAMarine/Railways? Yes

Will we ever get to a full Indian engine? Maybe 20 years later than expected, but this is a product in the right direction.

Does not producing shakti engine fully in India stop us from exporting ALH/LCH/LUH to other countries? NO
Can we do the same had we gone with LTECH 700? probably not.

When china follows this script we say 'waah waah'. When India does it we say it brings no value. How come the double standard?
It is good enough for now. We can change the definition of good enough once we get here.
Like I have always believed A part French Indian engine is always better than a complete American engine, In the same time we should continue to research and develop a 100% Indian engine
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Austin »

Rakesh wrote:Well said Aditya. The only relief with the French is that they have no scruples. They will sell to anyone with cash. The HAL Shakti is the Turbomeca Ardiden 1H onlee. Giving it an Indian name does not make it Indian. But we know how to do cut-and-paste with that engine. Basically screwdrivergiri. The same will happen with the Kaveri, **IF** Snecma-Safran succeeds. They have the technical know-how, whether they actually want to do it...is a totally different story.
That is not correct , Shakhi is JV between French and India and as per agreed deal we make 80 % of components in India and own their rights to it and 20 % is from French , As per the impression I got from AI speaking with HAl engine div folks even the 20 % could be made here but they are sticking to JV terms and it is a JV so it will be that way.

IF Kaveri is made in India with French JV and if Dr Christi says 60% of Kaveri will be Indian by content and IP and the french will have the core then there is no reason to dis-believe it , He would know better than any one out here not sure why there is so much cynicism in that we have JV on many program with French Israel Russian
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Vidur »

Hello all,

This is my first post on BR. I am an IAS officer and have had experience in district/state administration and at the centre at the Raksha Mantralya. Am currently on deputation to the centre. My interest and experyise in military issues is strategic, procurement, defence production. What I would like to learn is more on tactics, operations and training.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Vidur »

I found the discussion on LCA Tejas range and tactics very interesting.
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by JayS »

Vidur90 wrote:Hello all,

This is my first post on BR. I am an IAS officer and have had experience in district/state administration and at the centre at the Raksha Mantralya. Am currently on deputation to the centre. My interest and experyise in military issues is strategic, procurement, defence production. What I would like to learn is more on tactics, operations and training.
Welcome.

Please don't mind me wondering about this but shouldn't you be having access to the "real and authentic stuff" directly from our Armed Forces and DRDO/HAL, as an MoD officer..?

Hopefully you can give some perspective from your side on the decision making process in MoD on various processes such as Procurement and Program Management.
Vidur
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Vidur »

Yes one can and does to an extent in the areas one is directly responsible for, or what crosses one's desk or has had previous stints in. But the subject is very vast with different perceptions driven by the organizations and individuals. It is good for a student with genuine interest to explore other places. In the day to day job there is very little time for discussions or exploring outside comfort zones or the rules of the service. Generally we have a good understanding of Defence Production and R&D but interaction with and understanding of with armed forces is I feel rather limited. Of course if you wish you can have many contacts and personal relationships and I do.
Vidur
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Vidur »

Just hoping for a different perspective and to share what I reasonably can.
Marten
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Marten »

Vidur90 wrote:Just hoping for a different perspective and to share what I reasonably can.
Welcome and brace yourself! :)
JayS
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by JayS »

Marten wrote:
Vidur90 wrote:Just hoping for a different perspective and to share what I reasonably can.
Welcome and brace yourself! :)
:lol: I was refraining myself from saying that.
Vidur
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Re: LCA: News & Discussions: 15 August 2017

Post by Vidur »

I have had to deal with local MPs and MLAs, mafia and assorted hooligans. I'm sure this forum cannot be much worse !
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