Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

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kit
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by kit »

https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/ ... bcontinent

While India could hit Islamabad's land- and air-based nuclear forces with comparative ease in any initial strike, it would struggle to neutralize Pakistan's sea-based nuclear missiles because of the difficulty in locating and destroying the vessels transporting them. And because ballistic missile defense systems can effectively only counter incoming projectiles that fly a high, arching trajectory, a stronger Indian defense would offer little protection against Pakistan's sea-based cruise missiles, which would arrive low. Because of the advantages inherent in developing a sea-based deterrent, Islamabad has proceeded to test the Babur-3 submarine-launched cruise missile, conducting an initial trial in January 2017 and a subsequent one last month.

Nevertheless, Islamabad's pursuit of maritime capabilities is not without risk: Because Pakistan relies on diesel-electric submarines, India could unwittingly trigger a nuclear conflict by firing on vessels carrying atomic weapons as part of a conventional conflict. Additionally, because crews must prepare the nuclear-tipped cruise missiles on Pakistani submarines for launch before setting sail, commanders piloting the watercraft would have their finger on the trigger — meaning any breakdown in the chain of command could result in the unsanctioned use of nuclear weapons.

The other aspect of Pakistan's plans to counter India's missile defenses is to equip its Ababeel missiles with MIRV payloads. Such action would not only increase the effectiveness of Pakistan's hits on invading Indian units but also enhance Islamabad's second-strike capabilities by overwhelming India's strategic ballistic missile defense network.

As Islamabad develops a better second-strike capability, New Delhi has little chance of deterring the former from using tactical nuclear weapons on the battlefield against invading Indian forces. In response, calls in India will grow for the development of the country's own tactical nuclear weaponry to take better aim at Pakistan's military targets. If India's military planners elect to go down that road, the consequences could be enormous, as the prioritization of such arms tends to pressure belligerents to strike while the iron is hot. Accordingly, nuclear conflict in South Asia could become inescapable if there's a major war between India and Pakistan.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Austin »

https://www.defensenews.com/air/2018/04 ... m-sort-of/
“The ToT requirement is very exhaustive and also includes ToT of avionics, electronic warfare systems including missile approach warner, active electronically scanned array radar, engine and also for setting up the manufacturing unit in India,” retired IAF air marshal and defense analyst Daljit Singh said. “It is indeed a tall order for the OEM to provide so much of ToT.”

“The extent of ToT sought through the new RFI is completely unrealistic,” said Vijainder K Thakur, a retired IAF squadron leader and defense analyst. “The OEM will demand a lot of money for the ToT pushing up unit costs to unrealistic levels, limiting our ability to buy more.”

Singh noted that the Indian defense industry has a long way to go before it can start building its own planes. The service wants new fighters to have multiple mission capabilities, including air-to-air combat, striking ground targets, reconnaissance, electronic warfare and air-to-air refuelling — not to mention all weather capabilities.
nam
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by nam »

Given that the FDI rules now allow 74% ownership, aircraft manufacturer can setup shop and manufacture the jets. So it will be a direct subsidiary.

So the question then arises. Whom will they provide ToT to?
ramana
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by ramana »

kit wrote:https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/ ... bcontinent

While India could hit Islamabad's land- and air-based nuclear forces with comparative ease in any initial strike, it would struggle to neutralize Pakistan's sea-based nuclear missiles because of the difficulty in locating and destroying the vessels transporting them. And because ballistic missile defense systems can effectively only counter incoming projectiles that fly a high, arching trajectory, a stronger Indian defense would offer little protection against Pakistan's sea-based cruise missiles, which would arrive low. Because of the advantages inherent in developing a sea-based deterrent, Islamabad has proceeded to test the Babur-3 submarine-launched cruise missile, conducting an initial trial in January 2017 and a subsequent one last month.

Nevertheless, Islamabad's pursuit of maritime capabilities is not without risk: Because Pakistan relies on diesel-electric submarines, India could unwittingly trigger a nuclear conflict by firing on vessels carrying atomic weapons as part of a conventional conflict. Additionally, because crews must prepare the nuclear-tipped cruise missiles on Pakistani submarines for launch before setting sail, commanders piloting the watercraft would have their finger on the trigger — meaning any breakdown in the chain of command could result in the unsanctioned use of nuclear weapons.

The other aspect of Pakistan's plans to counter India's missile defenses is to equip its Ababeel missiles with MIRV payloads. Such action would not only increase the effectiveness of Pakistan's hits on invading Indian units but also enhance Islamabad's second-strike capabilities by overwhelming India's strategic ballistic missile defense network.

As Islamabad develops a better second-strike capability, New Delhi has little chance of deterring the former from using tactical nuclear weapons on the battlefield against invading Indian forces. In response, calls in India will grow for the development of the country's own tactical nuclear weaponry to take better aim at Pakistan's military targets. If India's military planners elect to go down that road, the consequences could be enormous, as the prioritization of such arms tends to pressure belligerents to strike while the iron is hot. Accordingly, nuclear conflict in South Asia could become inescapable if there's a major war between India and Pakistan.

Only thing unwitting is Stratfor analysis.


If he thinks Pakistan can get away with a nuke cruise missile attack on India.

Too much of BS from US analysts now jobless after Trump checkmate of North Korea.

Total nonsense being passed on as analysis.
kit
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by kit »

Anyway one cant negate the fact that submarine launched cruise missiles are hard to detect and intercept unless India keeps tabs on "all submarines" in its backyard
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Manish_P »

Amphibious plane, shipborne UAV to join military fleet
An amphibious plane that can land on and take off from a river and a UAV which can be launched and retrieved from warships will now be made in India with the help of technology transfer. Joint venture agreements to this effect with foreign firms were announced by the Mahindra Group at the DefExpo 2018 on Wednesday.
Mahindra signed an MoU with ShinMaywa Industries Limited, Japan, to manufacture and assemble the US-2 amphibious aircraft in the country. Mahindra will also set up MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) units for the aircraft. The MoU has come at a time when India and Japan are discussing the methodology for the procurement of US-2 by the Indian Navy
In another development, Mahindra Defence and Israeli firm Aeronautics signed an MoU to partner for naval shipborne UAVs for the Indian Navy. Aeronautics, a leading manufacturer of UAVs, is an Israeli public listed company and its Orbiter series of UAVs has been sold to many countries.
The Orbiter 4 is an advanced multi-mission UAV that can carry and operate two different payloads simultaneously. It can carry advanced radar and cellular interception sensors and fly for up to 24 hours at 18,000 feet with a maximum take-off weight of 50kg.
Thakur_B
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Thakur_B »

NS said this? Or has she been misquoted.
nam
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by nam »

Usual headline tampering.

She said, you cannot force forces to buy all Indian, because it is not practical to build everything in house.

Blasted reporters for claiming government was filling up space by promoting DRDO, HAL & BEL. Where else they should go to promote themselves? she asked.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by arun »

X Posted from the Indian Military Aviation thread to the Military Acquisitions, Indian Navy and the India and Japan threads.

Mahindra Defence press release regards joining hands with Shinmaywa Industries Limited to “set up MRO services / manufacturing and assembling of structural parts & components” for the US-2 Amphibious Aircraft :
Mahindra Defence and Shinmaywa Industries Limited Join Hands for US-2 Amphibious Aircraft

Tokyo / Chennai, April 11, 2018: Mahindra Defence’s Memorandum of Understanding with ShinMaywa Industries Limited, Japan, manufacturer of Amphibious Aircraft US-2 is one of the key events at Defexpo 2018, Chennai. Signing this MOU on the side lines of this event offers both the companies to join forces in order to set up MRO services / manufacturing and assembling of structural parts & components for US-2 amphibian aircraft.

ShinMaywa US-2, manufactured by Japan-based ShinMaywa Industries, is a modern amphibious aircraft is a veritable force multiplier since it fulfils a multitude of missions in a single platform. It is an unique aircraft and the only ‘in service’ open sea capable amphibian aircraft with state of art equipment, very rough sea operations (Sea state 5 up to 3m wave height), riverine/lake landing capability, STOL features, long endurance and extended radius of operations with large payload capacity. With such unique features, US-2 may be considered as an effective platform to carry out ‘Benign’ missions such as SAR, CASEVAC, Humanitarian Relief and Disaster Management, and ‘Constabulary’ missions such as extended EEZ surveillance,Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) missions of the Indian Navy etc. The ShinMaywa US-2 fleet is deployed by Japanese Maritime Self Defence Forces across their remote islands chain for Exclusive Economic Zones protection, surveillance and Search & rescue operations.

India and Japan are now discussing the methodology of procurement of Amphibian Aircraft US-2 requirements of the Indian Navy. Both nations are working on the way forward to induct this aircraft in India.

Both ShinMaywa and Mahindra Defence have entered into this partnership with a view to set up MRO services in India and also undertake manufacturing, assembling of structural parts & components for US-2 amphibian aircraft etc. Mahindra is the only Indian private sector OEM for small aircraft which sold in many countries globally. Given their joint capabilities it is only natural that both companies have come together and are confident of delivering solutions for this aircraft as mandated by the Indian Ministry of Defence.

Mr SP Shukla, Group President, Aerospace & Defence Sector, Mahindra Group and Chairman, Mahindra Defence, said that “This partnership between two companies familiar with the aviation business is positive especially for MRO and maintenance services in the Indian defence aerospace sector. We are committed to absorbing maintenance TOT for this large amphibious aircraft in India. Our partnership will enable us to leverage our strengths and consequently this will contribute to growing Indian aerospace ecosystem.”

Mr Yasuo Kawanishi, Director, ShinMaywa Industries Limited said, “This is a versatile aircraft ideally suited for Indian conditions. The US-2 with its unmatched capability is considered to be extremely useful for strengthening the safety and security of SLOCs, long range Fleet Support and Island/Off shore assets (both overseas and coastal) support functions. These missions when combined in a single multimodal platform such as the US-2 can earn for India the precious goodwill of nations of the Indian Ocean region commensurate with its identity as a responsible rising power. Japan Maritime Defence Force have extensively used this aircraft for many years now”

This MOU also envisages both the companies to build up a strategic partnership for future versions of US-2 amphibian aircraft.

About ShinMaywa Industries

The ShinMaywa group has a product range of Aircraft, Industrial Machinery, Environmental Systems, Special Purpose Trucks and Passenger Boarding Bridges. ShinMaywa products are exported to over 100 countries around the globe, including India. Among the defence products, it manufactures the Amphibious Aircraft US-2. The ShinMaywa Group statement “Brighten Your Future” expresses the resolve of the company to contribute to a better tomorrow and the earnest desire to play an indispensable role in society.

ShinMaywa Industries Limited: website: http://www.shinmaywa.co.jp/english/

About Mahindra Defence

Mahindra Defence has companies engaged in catering to needs of all three wings of Defence forces – Army, Air Force and Navy. Their product range includes armoured vehicles, underwater warfare equipment, avionics and surveillance equipment’s etc. Mahindra Defence is also poised to enter the field of defence aviation and has interest in building helicopters and aircraft for the armed forces. Through Land Systems units in India and UAE, Mahindra Defence has been supplying customized armoured vehicles to the Indian Army, Para Military Forces and overseas customers. Naval Systems unit based in Pune has been supplying decoy & torpedo launchers, large composite structures for defence applications to the Indian Navy etc. Mahindra Defence is also engaged in Defence Electronics and Avionics through a JV with Telephonics.

Clicky
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by arun »

X Posted from the UAV’s thread to the Military Acquisitions, Indian Navy and the Indo-Israel threads.

Mahindra Defence press release regards joining hands with Aeronautics Ltd of Israel “to offer the maritime version of Orbiter 4 for the Indian Navy”, The Orbiter 4 is a Naval Shipborne UAV:
Mahindra Defence and Aeronautics Limited Israel to Partner for Shipborne UAVs
Chennai, April 11, 2018: Mahindra Defence and Aeronautics of Israel signed a Memorandum of Understanding to partner for Naval Shipborne UAVs. Aeronautics and Mahindra will offer a UAV system which can be launched and recovered from Indian warships.

Aeronautics, a leading manufacturer of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), is an Israeli public listed company, and is a key player in the defence domain. Aeronautics is the OEM of Orbiter series of UAVs which has been sold in many countries globally.

The Aeronautics Orbiter 4 is an advanced multi-mission platform with an ability to carry and operate two different payloads simultaneously. With an open architecture, the Orbiter 4 can be specially adjusted to the needs of each mission. Among the different payloads the Orbiter 4 can carry are Maritime patrol radar (MPR), Cellular interception sensor, Satellite communication, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Automatic Identification System (AIS) and advanced electro-optic payload. Orbiter 4 capabilities include maximum endurance of up to 24 hours, maximum take-off weight of 50 Kgs, maximum flight altitude of 18,000 feet while operating different payloads.

Mahindra Defence and Aeronautics have entered into this partnership to offer the maritime version of Orbiter 4 for the Indian Navy. The UAV will carry state of the art sensor payloads as required by Indian Navy. The UAV will be capable of being launched and recovered from small warships that do not have a helicopter deck including small warships which are around 50 m in length. This UAV will be a force multiplier for the Indian Navy.

Mr Amos Mathan, CEO Aeronautics LTD said, “Aeronautics has entered into this partnership to offer the maritime version of Orbiter 4 to Indian Navy. We will work together with Mahindra Defence to manufacture Orbiter UAVs in India. We are ready for transfer of technology and transfer of production line in India. This is a sign of Aeronautics’ commitment to India by offering our newest and most advanced aerial solutions for operations by Indian Navy - one of the best navies in the world.”

Mr SP Shukla, Group President, Aerospace & Defence Sector, Mahindra Group and Chairman, Mahindra Defence, said that “Mahindra group has been supporting Make in India initiative whole heartedly. We always identify high quality products and enter into partnerships that we believe will bring maximum value to our defence forces. We believe that Indian armed forces should get the state of the art products while we develop skill and competency for defence manufacturing indigenously. Specifically, we have entered into this partnership to address a range of possibilities from offsets to manufacturing in India which includes transfer of technology and life time support of the product.”

About Aeronautics LTD

With its UAS’s deployed by over 75 defense, military, and homeland security forces in more than 50 different countries around the world, Aeronautics group provides unmanned aerial solutions for the most advanced Defense Para-military and HLS missions. Integrating surveillance equipment with network information, Aeronautics’ unmanned aerial systems are ideal for land, sea and air operations, and have already accumulated hundreds of thousands of operational flight hours worldwide.

Learn more about Aeronautics Group on www.aeronautics-sys.com

About Mahindra Defence

Mahindra Defence has companies engaged in catering to needs of all three wings of Defence forces – Army, Air Force and Navy. Their product range includes armoured vehicles, underwater warfare equipment, avionics and surveillance equipment’s etc. Mahindra Defence is also poised to enter the field of defence aviation and has interest in building helicopters and aircraft for the armed forces. Through Land Systems units in India and UAE, Mahindra Defence has been supplying customized armoured vehicles to the Indian Army, Para Military Forces and overseas customers. Naval Systems unit based in Pune has been supplying decoy & torpedo launchers, large composite structures for defence applications to the Indian Navy etc. Mahindra Defence is also engaged in Defence Electronics and Avionics through a JV with Telephonics.

Clicky
kit
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by kit »

nam wrote:Usual headline tampering.

She said, you cannot force forces to buy all Indian, because it is not practical to build everything in house.

Blasted reporters for claiming government was filling up space by promoting DRDO, HAL & BEL. Where else they should go to promote themselves? she asked.
:mrgreen:
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Vips »

Goa Shipyard in MoUs with Naval Grp, Rolls-Royce.

Goa Shipyard (GSL), functioning under the administrative control of the ministry of defence, has inked two MoUs with Germany-based MTU, part of Rolls-Royce, and French company Naval Group. GSL will manufacture MTU’s new-generation 8000 engines, which are fitted onboard offshore patrol vessels (OPV) at a Rs 1-billion greenfield facility at Goa for both domestic and export markets. The MoUs were signed at the ongoing DefExpo 2018.

GSL will be the first company anywhere in the world, outside MTU’s home, to produce these engines, said Praveen Mohan, director and CEO, MTU India. These engines will be supplied to OPVs, which are under construction at Reliance Defence, L&T and GSL Shipyard. The partners are planning to localise the engine to the tune of 20% initially and this will be increased to 45-50% in the coming seven years.

GSL also signed an agreement with Naval Group to design and produce shore-based submarine simulators for the Scorpene submarine project, and all future submarine simulator requirements of the Indian Navy.

The UK-based Griffon Hoverwork and Goa Shipyard have collaborated to design, develop and produce hovercrafts in India to cater to the defence and various states needs. Both the partners have bid for light and heavy hovercrafts tenders called by the government.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by arun »

^^^ X Posted from the Indian Navy thread to the Military Acquisitions and Indian Coast Guard threads.

Rolls Royce press release announcing agreement with Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) for transfer of technology related to localising of engine components, engine assembly, testing, painting and major overhauls of 16-cylinder and 20-cylinder MTU Series 8000 engines :
Rolls-Royce and Goa Shipyard Limited agree to manufacture MTU engines in India

Thursday, 12 April 2018

Goa Shipyard Limited will assemble MTU Series 8000 engines in India
Agreement covers assembly of 16- and 20-cylinder engines in new facility in Goa
Agreement is part of Rolls-Royce’s commitment to “Make in India”


Pune, India

Rolls-Royce and Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), a premier defence shipbuilding yard in India under the Ministry of Defence, have agreed to cooperate in the local manufacturing of technologically-advanced MTU Series 8000 engines in India. Under the agreement, which was signed today at India’s leading defense trade show Defexpo, the companies will assemble the 16-cylinder and 20-cylinder MTU Series 8000 engines at GSL’s new facility in Goa. The MTU brand is a worldwide leader in large diesel and gas engines and complete propulsion systems and part of Rolls-Royce Power Systems.

The agreement includes transfer of MTU technology related to localising of engine components, engine assembly, testing, painting and major overhauls. MTU Series 8000 engines are the largest and most powerful MTU diesel engines with a power output of up to 10 MW. They are fitted onboard all Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) recently constructed or currently under construction in India. This includes eleven Coast Guard OPVs by GSL (six completed and five under construction), five Naval OPVs under construction at Reliance Defence Engineering and seven Coast Guard OPVs by L&T.

RAdm (Retd) Shekhar Mital, NM, Chairman & Managing Director of GSL said: “In line with the thrust on indigenization and ‘Make in India’ initiative of the MoD, Government of India, GSL has been on the forefront for increasing the indigenous content onboard vessels constructed at GSL. Since main diesel engines constitute the heart of a ship and are among the major high value imported equipment items onboard ships, the collaboration will aid to significantly increase the indigenous content onboard ships constructed in India. It will also provide a strategic edge to Indian Defence Sector as know-how and infrastructure for such niche technology will now be available with a PSU Shipyard, which can be gainfully utilised by the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard. For some time we have been on the lookout for acquiring such technology of marine propulsion engines and we are thankful to our partners Rolls-Royce and MTU Friedrichshafen for choosing us as collaborator. Under the agreement we will be catering for marine propulsion requirements within the country in the range of 7 to 10 MW. The new facility being created by GSL will also undertake all major overhauls of these engines.

This venture will be a game changer. Plans are in place to progressively increase the indigenous content and with a strong manufacturing base in India, we are confident of achieving significant indigenous content in these engines. Besides creating self-reliance for India, it will usher in new opportunities for the local industry for indigenisation. I’m sure that with favourable Government policies and thrust on indigenisation, this collaboration will be highly successful.”

Praveen Mohan, Director & CEO, MTU India, said: “The agreement with GSL to manufacture MTU’s most-advanced Series 8000 engines in India is a significant milestone and further reinforces our commitment to ‘Make in India.’ We have been working with the Indian defence sector for several decades and our well-proven MTU engines propel and power many vessels of both the Indian Coast Guard and Indian Navy. We are committed to collaborating with our stakeholders to help support the country’s vision of indigenisation and self-reliance.”

MTU Series 8000 engines are the top-selling propulsion engines in their power class for naval vessels. They are also proven in ferries and yachts and have altogether completed over one million operating hours. Series 8000 engines are available in the power range from 7 to 10 MW. They feature low overall operating costs, high power density and environmental compatibility. Common rail fuel injection combined with the electronic engine control system make it possible to achieve fuel consumption levels of less than 200 g/kWh and very low exhaust emissions. Series 8000 engines are certified as marine engines in accordance with all accepted classification standards worldwide. They were also awarded Naval Vessel Rules (NVR) certification by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) in 2014 and are subsequently the first advanced technology engines in this power class to meet the stringent requirements of this certification.

Rolls-Royce Press Release
A Sharma
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by A Sharma »

Austin
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Austin »

DRDO outlines Rs 18,000 crore investment plans
The DRDO has earmarked Rs 18,000 crore as investment plans for the current fiscal, which includes developing the next generation lighter Brahmos missile, a top official said today.

The country's premier defence research institute has allocated about 25-30 per cent for developing new projects during the current financial year, Defence Research and Development Organisation Chairman S Christopher said.

BrahMos Aerospace, CEO and Managing Director, Sudhir Mishra said, "We have a proposal to develop BrahMos next generation missiles which will be termed as BrahMos NG missile." "This missile would be lighter than existing BrahMos and will have almost similar kind of ranges and would be able to lauched from various platforms," he said.

DRDO, Director General, Electronics and Communication Systems, J Manjula said DRDO was working on long range radars that can cover over 1,000 kilometres.


"We are also working on developing self-protection suites for fighter aircrafts and also working on electro-optic surveillance systems for submarines," she said.

DRDO Scientific Advisor to Raksha Mantri, G Satheesh Reddy, said they were working on "anti-tank missiles" which can be launched both from helicopter and the ground. ..

Some of the projects that we have in the pipeline is developing long range version of surface-to-air missile (SAM)," he added.


The DRDO chairman said the organisation was also planning to take up "high endurance autonomous under water vehicle" for surveillance applications and also developing "autonomous surface ship".
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Austin »

India must look towards US, not Russia & China:US Under Secretary Mark Menezes
“I think India should start looking in the direction of the United States. Look at us, look at what we are offering and then choose us over other countries. I am not saying it will happen overnight, but start looking in our direction,” he told ET.

When asked on concerns that US may be less cost effective to Russia and China, he said: “If countries begin to choose for economic reasons only to go to countries like China and Russia, which frankly do not share the values of democracy, free markets, religious tolerance… (then) I would suggest we need to think very carefully.”

The US, Menezes emphasized, offers a more reliable option now that it’s a net exporter of oil and natural gas. “This allows countries which share our values to choose between a country that can threaten to cut off supply or extort because you are dependent on them.”

The US is keen that India signals its strategic inclination towards the US in the energy sector, adding that the Trump Administration will ensure Westinghouse builds new nuclear reactors in India.

“Be careful of those countries which come in and say price should be the determinative factor when you enter into a co-partnership with them. We want that when countries like India, with whom we have shared values, look for nuclear partners…they want to be with countries like the US.”
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Kartik »

Nucon and Alkan form JV to manufacture weapons carriage and ejection systems in India
NUCON Aerospace, an Indian aerospace company, and ALKAN, a French manufacturer of carriage, release and ejection systems for military aircraft, are creating a Joint Venture for the manufacturing and supply of ‘Weapon Carriage Systems’ on the Indian military market.

The proposed Joint Venture is under incorporation and will soon be registered under the India Laws. Under the agreement, NUCON and ALKAN will share financial and technological resources to jointly operate a world-scale manufacturing facility in Hyderabad.

Through this manufacturing, the JV will deliver to the Aero Defense Industry in India, such as Indian Air Force (IAF), DRDO, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) organizations etc. various equipment for their military aircraft the carriage of any type of airborne store such as bombs, missiles, pods, tanks.

Customers will benefit from ‘Made in India’ equipment at the latest world class quality standard. Proximity is a key success factor to support Customers in their operations, by providing Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) in a quick and efficient manner.

Lots of Indian projects from helicopters to fighters will benefit from Indian-made Weapon Carriage System. The JV will give to foreign OEM as well opportunities of meeting their effort contractual obligation by the procurement of Indian made equipment.

NUCON is a pioneer in control systems applicable for missiles, aircraft and space and is already present in the weapon carriage system through a contract with DRDO for Brahmos missile ejection devices. NUCON will bring their manufacturing facility and high skilled Engineering team.

ALKAN, the world’s leading companies in this sector, already equip Rudra (ALH-WSI) and LCH attack helicopters through ToT with HAL, but also various aircraft in use in the IAF (Mirage 2000) or to be acquired soon (Rafale).
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by arun »

X Posted from the Indian Navy thread.

REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI) FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THREE CADET TRAINING SHIPS (CTS) FOR INDIAN NAVY:

Clicky


The specifications are pretty detailed and the RFI runs into 78 pages. The broad specifications are as follows.


Primary Role: Provide basic sea training to Naval Cadets

Secondary Role: Hospital Ship, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR), Non-Combatant Evacuation Ops (NEO), SAR

Complement: 20 officers, 200 Cadets and 150 sailors

Accommodation: 110 percent of crew strength

Tonnage: 4000 (±15%) tons

Length: As per design

Beam: As per design

Draught: Not more than 4.5 m

Propulsion: 2 Diesel Engines, Twin Shaft with CPP with Bow Thruster

Max Speed: 20 kn

Eco Speed: 12-15 kn

Endurance: More than 60 days

Range: More than 7500 nm at 15 kn, without fuelling

ASW: Maareech (NA) . XBT with Sonic Ray Plotter

Gunnery: 01 x SRGM integrated with Lynx U2, 02 x AK 630 integrated with Lynx U2, 02 x Lynx U2, 02 x EOIRST integrated with CMS and capable of providing TD to Lynx U2 and SRCG

LIMO Capability: 02 x 12.7 mm SRCG, Acoustic Warning Device, Pedestal Mounted High Power Binoculars
Radar: 02 x ‘I’ Band COTS Navigation Radars

IFF: Mk XII (A) (or later) Transponder

ESM: 01 x ESM Suite (0.175 GHz to 40 GHz)

Communication: Communication equipment for radio and SATCOM in all bands operated by IN CMS Mod CMS with Link II Mod III Data Link System (Small Ship Version)/ NG Data Link

Aviation: 1 x NUH in Hangar and 1 x NUH on deck. Helo Deck to cater for Stage Through Operations of MRH

Classification Standard: The ship should be built under the rules and regulations of IHQ MoD (N) approved Classification Societies.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Vips »

Defence ministry clears procurement proposals worth Rs 3,700 crore.

The defence ministry on Thursday approved procurement proposals worth around Rs 3,700 crore, which included the indigenous “Nag” anti-tank guided missile systems and 127mm caliber naval guns for warships from the US.

The Defence Acquisitions Council (DAC), chaired by minister Nirmala Sitharaman, gave the go-ahead for the acquisition of around 300 Nag third-generation anti-tank guided missiles and 25 tracked carrier vehicles called “Namica”, together worth Rs 524 crore.

“These Nag missiles, with a 4-km range, have top-attack capabilities that can effectively engage and destroy all known enemy tanks during day and night. This will give a quantum boost to the Army's capability against enemy armour,” said a MoD official.

The DAC also approved the procurement of 13 127mm calibre guns from BAE Systems of the US for over Rs 3,000 crore. “These guns, which have a 24-km range that can be further extended by using ERGMs (extended range gun munitions), will be fitted on board newly- constructed warships to provide fire support and engagement of targets on the land,” he added.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Chinmay »

Why did the IN decide to shift from Oto Melara to BAE? Isit due to blacklisting of Finmeccanica?
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by jaysimha »

same news in PIB

Ministry of Defence
DAC Approves Capital Acquisition Proposals Worth Rs 3,687 Crore
Posted On: 27 APR 2018 6:49PM by PIB Delhi
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by the Raksha Mantri Smt Nirmala Sitharaman, met today and accorded approval to Capital Acquisition Proposals of the Services valued at over Rs 3,687 crore.

In a boost to indigenisation and in realisation of India's growing technological prowess, the DAC approved procurement of Defence Research and Development Organisation’s (DRDO’s) designed and developed NAG Missile System (NAMIS) at the cost of Rs 524 crore. The system includes a third generation Anti-Tank Guided Missile, the NAG, along with the Missile Carrier Vehicle (NAMICA). The NAG missile is a third generation anti-tank guided missile, which has top attack capabilities that can effectively engage and destroy all known enemy tanks during day and night. This will give a quantum boost to the Army's capability against enemy armour.

The DAC also approved procurement of thirteen 127 mm calibre guns for the Navy. These guns will be fitted on-board new construction ships for undertaking surface engagements including Naval Gunfire Support Operations. The guns will enable Naval ships to provide fire support and engagement of targets on the land. These guns have engagement range of 24 kilometres, which could be extended further by using Extended Range Gun Munitions (ERGM). These guns, a long outstanding requirement of the Navy would be procured from BAE Systems of the United States of America under the categorisation of Buy (Global) at an approximate cost of over Rs 3,000 crore.

The DAC also reviewed the progress of the DRDO programme to develop indigenous Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS).

SRR/NAo/Nampi/DK/Rajib



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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by jaysimha »

https://mod.gov.in/dod/sites/default/fi ... 202018.pdf
Major activities of Department of Defence for the month of March, 2018
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Austin »

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Rajat Pandit Alert
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Post by Patni »

In its maiden meet, NSA Ajit Doval-led defence panel decides to fast-track military purchases
The meeting was held under the chairmanship of NSA Ajit Doval and was also attended by the three Service Chiefs.


NEW DELHI: The newly constituted all-powerful defence panel for defence planning headed by National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval for chalking out the country's military and security strategy has decided to chart a time-bound action plan for accelerating military purchases, in its inaugural meeting here on Thursday.

According to a statement issued by the Defence Ministry, ''the meeting of the Defence Planning Committee 'deliberated upon the geo-strategic landscape' and agreed to chart a time-bound action plan in keeping with its broad mandate".

The meeting was held under the chairmanship of Doval and was attended by the three Service Chiefs.

The members of the newly-constituted defence panel which included Defence Secretary Sanjay Mitra, Expenditure Secretary Ajay Narayan Jha, Foreign Secretary Vijay Keshav Gokhale and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff, Lt. Gen. Satish Dua, who is the Member Secretary, also attended the meeting.

The overarching Defence Planning Committee, which was set up by the government last month, has been mandated to drive the country's military and security strategy, draft capability development plans and guide and accelerate defence equipment acquisitions in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ambitious plans to modernize the country's armed forces and their ageing war machines.

Led by NSA Ajit Doval, the all-powerful defence panel comes under the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and works with an aim to make decisions on military purchases much faster.

The panel has been tasked to prepare military doctrines and define the Indian military objectives for the future amid rising internal and external security challenges in a heavily militarized neighbourhood.

The panel was constituted by the Government in light of reports that the armed forces were unhappy with the Defence Budget 2018-19.and held an opinion that more money should have been allocated for military modernisation.

In the recent defence budget, a sum of Rs 2.95 lakh crore was earmarked, which is approximately 1.58 percent of the country's GDP. This was the lowest share in terms of percentage vis-a-vis India's GDP since 1962.

Vice Chief of Army Staff, Lt Gen Sarath Chand, had told the Parliamentary Panel on Defence that the budget is insufficient and that it may bring an end to several 'Make in India' projects.

"Allocation of Rs 21,388 crore for modernisation is insufficient even to cater for committed payments of Rs 29.033 crore for 125 ongoing schemes, emergency procurement and other requirements," the Army's Vice Chief deposed.

"The Budget 2018-19 has dashed our hopes and most of what has been achieved has actually received a little setback," he said.

Lt Gen Chand also raised several other budget-related concerns like the prospect of Future Ready Combat Vehicles and upgradation of existing equipment.

In view of the Army's long pending demand for urgent procurement of weapons considering the threats from Pakistan and China, the Defence Ministry, during a meeting of the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), had earlier cleared the proposal to buy 7.40 lakh assault rifles for the three services and procure light machine guns worth Rs 1,819 crore.

The Narendra Modi government also cleared the proposal for the purchase of 5,719 sniper rifles for the Army at the cost of Rs 982 crore.

The Defence Ministry said the DAC chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman cleared capital acquisition proposals which were valued at Rs 15,935 crore.

(With IANS inputs)

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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by JE Menon »

Since it is May, I just wanted to jog memories a little on the 20th anniversary of the event that changed the game for India: Shakthi I & II. Remember how "the world was coming to an end", with threats of wholesale sanctions etc?

See where we are now.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by RoyG »

JE Menon wrote:Since it is May, I just wanted to jog memories a little on the 20th anniversary of the event that changed the game for India: Shakthi I & II. Remember how "the world was coming to an end", with threats of wholesale sanctions etc?

See where we are now.
We still occupy a very poor position wrt R&D and manufacturing. Things have only started changing in the last 3-4 years.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Austin »

@SandeepUnnithan

Revenue monster is eating up capital allocations 73:27 ratio. Will only get worse. Which explains why the world’s 5th largest Defence spender is broke. (Adding $15 bn Defence pensions, we cud possibly be #3 spender)


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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Katare »

Above is my higgest disappointment from this government. For such a hawkish rhetoric before election, decline of defense budget as percentage of the GDP for ladt 4 years in a row, performance is truly sad. Come on Modi ji kick that Vakeel’s behind so he would cough up some dough for armed forces.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Deans »

I don't think pensions are included in defense spend (they are in other countries). Including pensions, we'd be 2% though that is still grossly insufficient since we have a lot of catching up do to. China's 1.9% is as misleading as the rest of its economic stats.

One point we do need to work on is the disproportionate share of salary and pension in our defence spend, (which will only grow, as people live
longer). Perhaps it would mean more aggressively reducing manpower that is not in combat roles and increasing people on short service commissions.
We have to a target a higher capital expenditure as a percentage of the defence budget.
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Post by Austin »

The previous government used to show high def exp on paper but end of financial year mof would ask services to return the money to fill up the deficit and pay for social exp.

Current government though may spend equal amount but all money get utilised by service for capex.

It has to do with juggling of figures the current goi is more efficient in spending and has given more powers to armed forces to spend and make decisions on their own.

Most of the capex is spent on imports or paying for previous ones , once import stopes the same money cam buy 2-3 times more of indigenous systems, the share is increasing though steadily but pace is too slow
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by kit »

Austin wrote:
It has to do with juggling of figures the current goi is more efficient in spending and has given more powers to armed forces to spend and make decisions on their own.

Most of the capex is spent on imports or paying for previous ones , once import stopes the same money cam buy 2-3 times more of indigenous systems, the share is increasing though steadily but pace is too slow
You said it.. spot on
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Post by nam »

The defense budget comparison with other countries is absolute nonsense. UK with 51 billion has a army of 120k. What would be it's budget if it has to maintain 1.2 million with two adversary of 450k and 850k on it's two borders? Which other country faces such adversaries?

The only two nation who maintain a million plus or close to million is US & China, who are 12 trillion+ GDP. Comparing to their budget, we have done fabulously well.

On the question of maintaining a million, we have no option. We have massive mountains borders with adversaries for who number of fighting men is not a problem. It should improve teeth to tail ratio, however the number will probably stay.

Increasing budget is no use, if MoD procurement process is no fixed.

Fix the procurement process,
use money for local solutions,
give greater opportunity for NCO to become officers
more SSC
outsource support work, specially peace time to private sector where ever possible.

Reality is there is lot of wastage among services during their peace time needs. Need to make them more efficient.


There also needs to be clarity on what Army wants out of modernization. If Army wants to stop BMS in order to fund import of rifles, wants Apaches because Airforce has it , then all the discussion about modernization is all talk.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Singha »

https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/stor ... 2018-04-26

Joint logistics cmd for andamans

We can do more of this for home shore theaters
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Austin »

‘Make in India’ in defence sector: A distant dream

DALIP BHARDWAJ

To ensure self reliance, the government is emphasising on “Make in India”. It is undoubtedly in the right direction, however, implementation needs to be fine tuned.
During the recently concluded Defexpo 2018 near Chennai, Prime Minister Narendra Modi re⎯emphasised the urgent need for indigenisation in the manufacture of weapon systems and the government’s commitment to transform India into a defence industry hub. However, he acknowledged the complexity of the task and the slow progress in “Make in India” projects. Defence Minister Nirmala Sitaraman said: “India will not only manufacture for purpose of import substitution but will also boost defence production to export Indian made defence products to other countries.”

The reality, however, is quite different. India despite having the fifth largest defence budget in the world procures 60% of its weapon systems from foreign markets while Pakistan has sold more weapon systems to foreign customers than India. The defence budget for 2018⎯19 has shown just a marginal increase to cater for inflation and the revenue portion of the budget. However, capital expenditure which is of import has shown a downward trend and as the VCOAS Lt. Gen. Sarath Chand stated to the Parliamentary Committee that the amount allotted was just sufficient to meet the committed expenditure, implying that no new weapon system can be procured. This no doubt is alarming, especially the low levels of ammunition held in stock which is insufficient even to fight a 10⎯day war at intense rate.

Despite having the fifth largest defence budget in the world, India procures 60% of its weapon systems from foreign markets.

India’s lumbering bureaucracy and complex procurement procedures are primarily to blame. The Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) have been enunciated in great detail to cover every contingency and since the turn of the century they have revised at least three times. I have been personally associated with four of the DPPs published in this millennium. Each one no doubt is an improvement on the previous edition. However, the fault lies in the interpretation and implementation. In DPP 2007 a new category of “Make in India” was introduced and was hailed as a panacea of all ills. It was a path breaking move and only two projects were initially selected as test cases for this new venture. The first was “Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV)” and the second “Battlefield Management Systems (BMS).” The planning and preparation for the ICV was meticulously done and the committee set up by HQ Integrated Defence Staff led by a major general and members from the technical services, scientists and bureaucrats after an extensive survey shortlisted four firms who had the capability to complete this maiden scheme viz. TATA, L&T, Mahindra & OFB. The General Staff Qualitative Requirement was given to them and they were to submit their Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) based on which two firms were to be shortlisted for award of the contract. The Govt. would fund 80% of the development expenditure and the firms were to produce the prototypes for trials by 2014⎯15.

When the DPRs were submitted, the MoD found fault with the evaluation procedure and with pressure being built by the private companies not having been initially shortlisted the entire process was junked in 2012⎯13 after a lapse of four valuable years. When it was reintroduced, 11 firms were given the offer to submit their DPRs. If the evaluation machinery could not handle four firms, it was well nigh impossible to tackle 11 firms.

After a delay of another a couple of years the reality dawned on the authorities and the idea to form conglomerates with a few lead integrators selected and the rest forming part of the sub⎯system manufacturers. Suffice is to say that after a lapse of nine years we are yet to finalise and shortlist the potential two contractors to whom the responsibility to manufacture the prototypes are given. Thereafter time will be required to develop the prototypes (3⎯4 years) trial and evaluation (2 years) and finally concluding the contract (one year) if all goes well and the initial shortlisting is done in 2018, being an optimist we should expect the award of the contract by 2025 and commencement of manufacture in a trickle to begin in 2027! A delay of 18 years!! The only sufferers are the users who will have to operate and maintain the outdated equipment currently held, BMP 2, duly upgraded at an additional cost.

Make in India, manufacturing, import substitution, defence production, institutional capacity, indigenisation, defence manufacturing, Indian defence
The defence budget for 2018⎯19 has shown just a marginal increase to cater for inflation and the revenue portion of the budget. | File Photo
In June 2017, the government appreciating the inherent problems related to procurement of defence equipment evolved the “Strategic Partnership Model” based on the suggestions of the 2015 report submitted by the Dhirendra Singh Committee. By this method, a few private sector firms would be declared as systems integrators based on their proven capability and they would tie up with foreign OEMs with the aim of laying down a strong defence industrial foundation. The firms would make long term investments to develop a base for R&D and production facilities. Initially four segments were chosen, fighter aircrafts, helicopters, submarines and armoured fighting vehicles. This no doubt was another good idea, but the devil is in the execution, some of the areas of concern are:

Lack of an institutional capacity and capability to take it to its logical conclusion.

As indicated earlier the “Make” procedure for ICVs failed to achieve the results with just four companies competing for one weapon system. Here all three services are involved with a plethora of weapon systems and the opportunities limitless.

The decision making bodies need greater autonomy and authority. There is an urgent need of a permanent arbitration committee which can settle disputes expeditiously. In USA, the procurement agency DRAPA has a permanent arbitration committee which resolves such issues amicably and their decision is final.

There is a lingering fear that the Indian strategic partners having committed their funds to infrastructure and getting the initial order would lose out to the DPSUs in the long run. This would sound the death knell of this well intentioned idea.

Amongst the three services, the Navy has progressed well on the path of indigenisation primarily because of the in⎯house design capability, the Naval Design Bureau. Hence, they do not have to depend on the DRDO for the design & development of the complete ship, but outsource the sub⎯systems for them to develop. In addition, inevitably the ship yards manufacturing the battle ships are headed by a serving naval officer. Therefore, from inception the Navy has full control over all activities.

Amongst the three services, the Navy has progressed well on the path of indigenisation primarily because of the in⎯house design capability, the Naval Design Bureau.

The Army and Air Force are dependent on the DRDO and DPSUs/OFB. A pioneering move was initiated by the Army in 2016 and set up the Army Design Bureau as the nodal agency which acts as a repository of technical knowledge and procedures and assist in formulating operational requirement and General Staff Quality Requirement (GSQR) as also a link between the Army and the private sector. Within a year of its inception, the private sector has responded with 26 solutions to the problems raised by the Army to include development of palm sized drones, drones carrying 50 kg loads and light weight bullet proof jackets. Therefore, the capability exists in abundance but has to be matched with the will and the risk taking ability.

The way forward

To ensure self reliance, the government no doubt is heading in the right direction by laying emphasis on “Make in India”. It is the implementation that needs to be fine tuned and some of the recommendations are:

Expedite the formation of the Strategic Partnership in the four sectors identified. There would be objections galore against the four fortunate companies which get this privilege, therefore the decision making process must be transparent and the decision taken non negotiable.

Set up a permanent arbitration cell to whom all objections are addressed and whose decisions are final and not subjected to review.
The private sector must be allotted big ticket contracts to boost their confidence and morale.

If the aim is to achieve export capability, then the weapon system must first be in service with our armed forces.

Bridge a long standing trust gap between the private industry and the Govt. Therefore the Govt. to ensure a level playing field for the private industry, DRDO, DPSUs and OFB.

In view of India’s strength in software greater emphasis be laid in fields such as AI and cyber security. A concerted effort be made to develop and manufacture the “chip” indigenously.

To enhance the confidence and authority of DRDO greater financial and administrative autonomy to be given.

The offset programme has not fructified as envisaged. Hence the restrictions need to be identified and removed and offsets extended to the civil sector too for implementation.

The staff at the Department of Defence Production need to be trained and given longer tenures to ensure continuity.

Mobilisation on war footing

The defence manufacturing sector needs to be mobilised on a “war footing” and every department, agency or individual connected with the procurement or manufacture has to be held accountable. Electrifying all villages in India seems an easier proposition than achieving self sufficiency in the defence sector. If after all these voluminous instructions the armed forces do not receive the weapon systems they can repose confidence to defend the security of the nation, then the fault lies with every citizen who raises hurdles to ensure we remain dependent on foreign nations for our security and independence.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Kakkaji »

A familiar story (of corruption) is repeated, and another procurement, this time for the Coast Guard, is in jeopardy: :(

Airbus whistleblower's graft leak scuppered chopper deal?
The Economic Times on Friday reported that Airbus Group has informed the Defence Ministry of an internal investigation into the allegations of the whistleblower over the tender for 14 twin-engine EC725 helicopters for the Indian Coast Guard. The deal is estimated to be worth Rs 2,000 crore.

According to the report, what has alarmed the government is that the whistleblower's letter making the allegation of graft had several highly classified documents attached to it

According to the ET report, the anonymous letter sent to the Defence Ministry alleged that "benchmarking norms were changed and spare engine price calculations were hidden to favour Airbus and named three top coast guard officers as beneficiaries
In several cases now, classified Government documents have been found in possession of vendors and arms agents. Hard to stop the leaks, if the top officials themselves leak them out. :evil:
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Vips »

Unless and until you have an anti-graft fanatic and out and out nationalisic official/s making acquisition decision, you simply cannot stop this.For a soon retiring official lure of few tens of crores is hard to resist.
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by Ankit Desai »

Indian Army’s new Rs 15,000 crore ammunition production project is a big leg up for Make In India
After years of deliberations, the Army has finalised a mega Rs 15,000-crore project under which a range of ammunition for its critical weapons and tanks will be produced indigenously to overcome long delays in imports and address the problem of a dwindling stockpile. Official sources told PTI that 11 private firms would be involved in the ambitious project, the implementation of which is being monitored by the top brass of the Army and the Defence Ministry. The immediate aim of the closely guarded project — said to be the biggest ever initiative for the indigenisation of ammunition — is to create an inventory for all major weapons to enable the forces to fight a 30-day war while the long-term objective is to cut dependence on imports.

“The overall cost of the project has been pegged at Rs 15,000 crore and we have set a specific target for the next 10 years in terms of the volume of ammunition to be produced,” a senior government official involved in the project said, refusing to elaborate further. Initially, ammunition for a range of rockets, air defence system, artillery guns, infantry combat vehicles, grenade launchers and various other field weapons would be produced under “strict timelines”, a source said.

The production targets would be revised based on the result of the first phase of the implementation of the programme. The sources indicated the broad contours of the project were discussed at a conference of the Army’s top commanders here last month. The initiative is seen as the first serious attempt by the government to address growing concerns voiced over the last many years by defence forces over the fast dwindling stockpile of key ammunition when China has been significantly ramping up its military capability, an issue that has been discussed by successive governments.

Army Chief General Bipin Rawat has been pushing for fast tracking the procurement of weapons and ammunition for the world’s second largest standing Army, considering the evolving security threats in the region. “The indigenisation of the ammunition project will be biggest such programme in decades,” said the official. In July last year, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), in a report tabled in Parliament, said a stock of only 61 types of ammunition out of 152 varieties was available, and these would only last for 10 days in the event of a war.

According to laid down security protocol, the stockpile should be adequate for a month-long war. The sources said long delays in negotiations and subsequent procedural hurdles in the import of ammunition had adversely impacted the country’s defence preparedness and that was why the indigenisation programme had been initiated.

Last year, the government had empowered the Army to directly procure ammunition and spares for 10 types of weapon systems and equipment after an internal review found the optimum level of “war stores” was not being maintained. Considering the Army’s demand, the government has already finalised one of the biggest procurement plans for infantry modernisation under which large numbers of light machine guns, battle carbines and assault rifles are being purchased at a cost of nearly Rs 40,000 crore.
-Ankit
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by fanne »

quick question gurus, I saw this number on Sjha article as well. chine number of 850k soldiers is its overall strength or only the strength of is land army facing us?
TIA
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Re: Military Acquisitions, Partnerships & Developments

Post by nam »

fanne wrote:quick question gurus, I saw this number on Sjha article as well. chine number of 850k soldiers is its overall strength or only the strength of is land army facing us?
TIA
Overall pla strength. Facing us was 3-4 brigades in Tibet.
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