Indian Navy News & Discussion - 12 April 2021

[RoyG]

The navy is pressing ahead with an indigenous ssk (super kalvari?) if the reports are true. With this, like on the fighter aircraft front, no more major foreign purchases. Stabilization of platform will be achieved with SSN and SSBN as well.

[Tanaji]

Is P-18 class a real plan for IN or is it some wishful thinking by fanbois? Reason I ask is that the tonnage is almost double than the ships that we currently possess with every missile under the Sun being planned for it

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_18

If it is then has the keel even been laid down?

[Rakesh]

Fanboi specs. The actual vessel is still on the drawing board at the Naval Design Bureau.

[Pratyush]

The form factor is from a Navy promotional video.

It's not necessary for the ships to have the same from factor.



Promotional clip along with analysis from some you tube channel.

[hgupta]

Of course we would all want to have every one of our ships to have 78 missiles or even 96 or more. But you will quickly realize how expensive these missiles are and they require systematic upkeep and upgrades which add to the cost. And when you carry the missiles at sea, you are really accelerating the deterioration of the missiles due to the salty air and elements. So during peacetime, you may only want to carry 16 missiles or so to preserve your budget and if war commences, you will quickly load up to the brim from existing stocks

[ernest]

But you will quickly realize how expensive these missiles are and they require systematic upkeep and upgrades which add to the cost. And when you carry the missiles at sea, you are really accelerating the deterioration of the missiles due to the salty air and elements. So during peacetime, you may only want to carry 16 missiles or so to preserve your budget and if war commences, you will quickly load up to the brim from existing stocks

Noob question: how much does canisterization (which is with every new missile entering production) mitigate these issues. I have a feeling (no fact based conclusions) from reading diverse media sources that it is a lot. If someone has any good material on that, it would be helpful

[drnayar]

Of course we would all want to have every one of our ships to have 78 missiles or even 96 or more. But you will quickly realize how expensive these missiles are and they require systematic upkeep and upgrades which add to the cost. And when you carry the missiles at sea, you are really accelerating the deterioration of the missiles due to the salty air and elements. So during peacetime, you may only want to carry 16 missiles or so to preserve your budget and if war commences, you will quickly load up to the brim from existing stocks

Having a 96 missile capacity does not mean you need to carry all.of it in peacetime but come war its a load out that will make a difference. Besides I think, and maybe guru log can explain missiles are hermetically sealed in their canisters not exposed to the elements.

[Pratyush]

We seem to be having blind men of Hindustan moment wrt, munitions on ship and deployment.

A warship when on operational deployment is not at peace time. It has to be ready to go to war at a moments notice. Therefore, it deploys with the maximum possible available munitions.

WRT, the unique environment of the seas and the corrosive effects of sea spray on ammunition;

1) the storage locations are sealed against the elements.

2) The naval varients of missiles are designed in such a way that, they are not adversely effected by the operating environment.

3) a modern missile when kept stored is only plugged in the ships weapon system. But is in storage for all intents and purposes. So can be kept in storage for the duration of the shelf life of the missiles. Such systems only have to be removed, when the ship enters a maintenance period.

[BajKhedawal]

Indian Navy discontinues ‘colonial legacy’ of carrying batons with immediate effect

In line with the government’s direction to shed colonial legacy, the Indian Navy has ended the practice of carrying batons by all its personnel with immediate effect.

In a communication issued by the force, the Indian Navy said: “With the passage of time, carrying of batons by naval personnel has become a norm. The symbolism of authority or power pot heated through the holding of a baton is a colonial legacy that is out of place in a transformed navy of Amrit Kaal.”

In light of this, “Carrying of batons by all personnel including those from the provost be discontinued with immediate effect,” the letter said.

The Navy has now instructed that a ceremonial baton be placed appropriately in the office of the head of the organisation of every unit.......

[Kersi]

We seem to be having blind men of Hindustan moment wrt, munitions on ship and deployment.

A warship when on operational deployment is not at peace time. It has to be ready to go to war at a moments notice. Therefore, it deploys with the maximum possible available munitions.

WRT, the unique environment of the seas and the corrosive effects of sea spray on ammunition;

1) the storage locations are sealed against the elements.

2) The naval varients of missiles are designed in such a way that, they are not adversely effected by the operating environment.

3) a modern missile when kept stored is only plugged in the ships weapon system. But is in storage for all intents and purposes. So can be kept in storage for the duration of the shelf life of the missiles. Such systems only have to be removed, when the ship enters a maintenance period.

Thats what I was told by an ex IN person that for a planned deployment a warship is generally fully armed . This was many many years ago. Not aware of current doctrine

[hgupta]

We seem to be having blind men of Hindustan moment wrt, munitions on ship and deployment.

A warship when on operational deployment is not at peace time. It has to be ready to go to war at a moments notice. Therefore, it deploys with the maximum possible available munitions.

WRT, the unique environment of the seas and the corrosive effects of sea spray on ammunition;

1) the storage locations are sealed against the elements.

2) The naval varients of missiles are designed in such a way that, they are not adversely effected by the operating environment.

3) a modern missile when kept stored is only plugged in the ships weapon system. But is in storage for all intents and purposes. So can be kept in storage for the duration of the shelf life of the missiles. Such systems only have to be removed, when the ship enters a maintenance period.

Thats what I was told by an ex IN person that for a planned deployment a warship is generally fully armed . This was many many years ago. Not aware of current doctrine

That would be possible if the munitions were cheap to begin with. But as the costs of advanced missiles go up with each generation, I do not think that it is possible to be fully armed on a peaceful deployment. Heck, even the Royal Navy don't go out fully armed. They cannot afford it.

[Pratyush]

UK military procurement is not an example to good practices. If you want to quote someone, USN, French, and even the Japanese, or South Korea are correct examples.

Comming to the main thrust of the argument. Let's see,

1) you think, that the ship on deployment is going to return 1000s of knots to base for rearmament and then return back to operations.

2) weapons designers don't understand how to design munitions protected from sea salt and humidity.

3) ships don't have water tight or air tight compartments?

4) if modern navies of the world are genuinely worried about salt and sea water corrosion. That is the reason why they are not deploying with full munitions load.

How do you know that they are confident that the munitions contact points within the VLS will not be damaged beyond repair during deployment.

5) Conversely, if the Navy is confident of having VLS contact points protected from elements. Then why can't they protect munitions from same?

[hgupta]

It is not just the salty air. It is also the bobbing up and down and moving sideways due to waves impacting the ships. Those have a deteriorating effect on the missiles over periods of time.

As for resupply, you have resupply ships that can carry munitions back and forth. The fleet does not necessarily have to travel back to port when you got resupply ships that can do it for you.

IIRC, USN destroyers & frigates do not carry a full complement of missiles. After all, USN only has about 10k missile in its stocks and USN has over 72 guided destroyers, 30 LCS and 17 guided cruisers. Each destroyer carries about 96 missiles and each cruiser carries about 122 missiles. Each LCS carry about 24 missiles. Altogether it is about 10k missiles. The USN would want to keep some missiles in stock instead of carrying them out on the sea all the time.

[Pratyush]

1) Not having VLS filled because the force don't have sufficient munitions is seperate from not filling VLS because of concern regarding the longevity of munitions.

2) the munitions that you imply reloaded at sea are aircraft munitions and not VLS munitions.

Speaking specifically for the USN. They had planned to use a VLS stowed crane to load VLS at seas with the DDG 51 FLIGHT 1. But practical experience made them delete the crane. That deletion in turn gave them space for 6 additional missiles. .

The crane in question was made by a sweedish company and was capable of being installed in the VLS system, in the space for 3 VLS compartments and would have extended out from the cells for loading munitions into the seperate cells.

http://cdrsalamander.blogspot.com/2017/ ... s-big.html

The link has an image of the crane that I am referring to above. The first 25 ships of USN DDG51 class were fitted with the crane.

Quoting from the link above

However, unlike other Navy striking arms like the carrier air wing, vertical launch systems cannot, at present, be practicably resupplied and reloaded while at sea. Once a VLS-equipped ship or submarine expends its missiles, it must withdraw to an equipped friendly port to replenish. This represents a significant operational liability, especially in high-intensity combat scenarios against peer adversaries.

https://news.usni.org/2022/10/18/navy-t ... ugher-task

Navy Tests Reloading Missiles on Destroyer in San Diego Bay, Open Ocean Tests Tougher Task

Published October 18, 2022 12:09 AM

The article linked above is referring to an experiment conducted by the USN about loading missiles in VLS in open seas and not at Port. Reading more on the topic will be helpful.

3) the munitions designed for sea employment are designed for the motions and environmental presented by the seas. Therefore, are not effected in the way you think that they are. For all intents and purposes they are hermatically sealed cylinders.

[drnayar]

The article linked above is referring to an experiment conducted by the USN about loading missiles in VLS in open seas and not at Port. Reading more on the topic will be helpful.

3) the munitions designed for sea employment are designed for the motions and environmental presented by the seas. Therefore, are not effected in the way you think that they are. For all intents and purposes they are hermatically sealed cylinders.

and yes ., something more here
https://www.navalreview.ca/2023/03/miss ... big-thing/

Expert opinion today suggests that even much more heavily armed warships than the CSC would not last more than one or two engagements before they would be either sunk, damaged, or forced to withdraw to port or to a safe harbour for more missiles.

[Roop]

... to return 1000s of knots to base for rearmament and then return back to operations.

At the risk of sounding nitpicky, I have to point out here that "knots" is a measure of speed, not distance. A knot is, by definition, one nautical mile per hour. What you meant to say was "to return thousands of nautical miles ...".

Sorry to do this, but this is BRF and such errors are always pointed out, sooner or later.

[Pratyush]

[Rakesh]

https://twitter.com/thisdayin_IN/status ... 64576?s=20 ---> At the mouth of the Malacca Straits, INS Baaz was commissioned on 31 July 2012 by Commander SK Singh Deo, in the presence of Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma, then CNS. Located at Campbell Bay, near the six degrees channel, INS Baaz is a strategic base due its location.

[Kersi]

Am i asking for too much but how about some HAS atleast 5-6 for SU-30 and a couple for P-8I and another couple for MH-60R or the Indian equivalent under development

[srin]

^^ Per wiki, the runway seems to be just 1km long. Before you think of fighter jets or P-8Is, forget the HAS, you first need to lengthen the runway. Most airbases in mainland have atleast 2.5-3 km long runways.

[Barath]

https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/sate ... cca-strait

Open source pic in 2021 showing india may have extended the runway from 3500 to 4300 feet. The plan had been to increase it progressively to 6000 feet (heavy airplanes like P8 could operate,) and then to 10,000 feet but land acquisition and environmental issues had it stuck for many years

[Kersi]

^^ Per wiki, the runway seems to be just 1km long. Before you think of fighter jets or P-8Is, forget the HAS, you first need to lengthen the runway. Most airbases in mainland have atleast 2.5-3 km long runways.

Point Taken

[Rakesh]

Exclusive: Indian Navy’s Technology Development Acceleration Cell pushing the pedal on self reliance
https://www.financialexpress.com/busine ... e-3202404/
07 Aug 2023

The challenges aimed at developing at least 75 indigenous products for the Indian Navy as a part of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.

[Rakesh]

India Launches Hunt For New MCM Vessels
https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/20 ... m-vessels/
09 Aug 2023

India is currently without a single MCM vessel after multiple attempts to procure such ships failed. The Indian Navy has now set its eyes on the new concept of MCM mothership.

https://twitter.com/AdithyaKM_/status/1 ... 69184?s=20 ---> My article on the Navy's latest RFI for MCMVs: Mothership based standoff MCM using unmanned assets is the future & the Navy has done well moving towards it instead of insisting on composite hulls and ToT. Instead, Make-2 projects CASCADE, ASV-MCM & others are crucial now.

https://twitter.com/AdithyaKM_/status/1 ... 42624?s=20 ---> GSL with its prior MCMV experience & L&T whose larger MPVs are capable of MCM are likely to participate. True IDDM likely to be the route, but the RFI specs are rather similar to Naval Group's rMCM for Belgium & Netherlands.

https://twitter.com/AdithyaKM_/status/1 ... 99841?s=20 ---> Future of MCM. IN wouldn't be far behind in going this route thanks to the MCMV mess.

[Pratyush]

Responding to sanman's post from the UAV and drones thread.

So as we've been discussing in the Ukraine thread, they're using drones to attack Russian naval ships, as well as bridges and fixed infrastructure targets.

What is the benefit of a ship-drone over a torpedo in this context?
Is a ship-drone the water-borne version of a cruise-missile or long-loiter munition?

Could similar ship-drones be used against Chinese naval ships around Malacca Straits, Andamans, etc?

China likes to make use of its maritime militias ("LIttle Blue Men") to harass shipping in South China Sea.
Can ship-drones be used against them?

Drones of this type are a desperation weapon.

That nothing is working, so let's try something.

Against a navy with the ability to conduct broad band jamming operations. The drone boat will not be able to conduct any successful operation.

1) If the objective is to deal with the PLAN or a conduct non lethal operations other than war. Then your best choice is to have a robust cost guard and a strong force of coastal and petrol combatants for the Navy.

So that your principal surface combatants are free to conduct other high value operations.

2)

If you watch this video and try to understand what exactly happened to the a navy equipped with a similar level of force as the so called peoples militia. You will understand the utter futility of such force during operations other than war. Against an enemy capable of bringing serious pain.

The DRDO is developing a light weight Anti Ship missile for such an eventuality. The key is to have several thousands of those. Not built them in khadi gram udyog numbers.

[prashantsharma]

To answer the questions
1. Advantage of a surface drone boat is that it is cheaper than a torpedo and doesnt require complex and costly seeker /guidance systems. You are not strictly limited by size or dimensions/diameter as in the case of a torpedo. Doesn't require you to risk a ship/sub to launch it. Can be launched from your shore (as ukr is probably doing) and can have a longer range than a torpedo. With satcom, gps and cameras you can steer it from huge distance away. Small size and low profile make them tougher to detect. They can be difficult to distinguish from fishing vessels and pleasure craft in crowded coastal / harbour type areas (uss cole type scrnario). The rationale for Drone and suicide boats is quite similar.

2. Questions about Andaman/ chn militia - its not clear if you are talking about peacetime or during conflict. You can not use these drones in peacetime against someone like china without seriously risking esclation / retaliation. During a conflict, yes they could be useful for reasons mentioned above in point 1. Having said that, actors (iran) in the gulf have used them/suicide boats and gotten away with it, probably because of plausible deniability and lack of evidence. In some parts of the south china sea, where multiple nations like Vietnam, philippines have claims on the same spot, it might actually be possible for one of them to use it against a Chinese vessel, and deny it since there are multiple nations who contest that part. But highly highly risky.

[sanman]

To answer the questions
1. Advantage of a surface drone boat is that it is cheaper than a torpedo and doesnt require complex and costly seeker /guidance systems. You are not strictly limited by size or dimensions/diameter as in the case of a torpedo. Doesn't require you to risk a ship/sub to launch it. Can be launched from your shore (as ukr is probably doing) and can have a longer range than a torpedo. With satcom, gps and cameras you can steer it from huge distance away. Small size and low profile make them tougher to detect. They can be difficult to distinguish from fishing vessels and pleasure craft in crowded coastal / harbour type areas (uss cole type scrnario). The rationale for Drone and suicide boats is quite similar.

2. Questions about Andaman/ chn militia - its not clear if you are talking about peacetime or during conflict. You can not use these drones in peacetime against someone like china without seriously risking esclation / retaliation. During a conflict, yes they could be useful for reasons mentioned above in point 1. Having said that, actors (iran) in the gulf have used them/suicide boats and gotten away with it, probably because of plausible deniability and lack of evidence. In some parts of the south china sea, where multiple nations like Vietnam, philippines have claims on the same spot, it might actually be possible for one of them to use it against a Chinese vessel, and deny it since there are multiple nations who contest that part. But highly highly risky.

Chinese vessels, both naval and coast guard, are operating quite far from Chinese shores when patrolling disputed areas of South China Sea, and certainly if they went into Malacca Straits. Direct hit from drone-boat could mean loss of entire ship. China's tiny island bases in South China Sea are static targets and infrastructure that could also be vulnerable to sneak attack from drone-boats. Finally, their civilian maritime militias ("Little Blue Men") could also be similarly vulnerable to attack by these methods.

As you say, particularly when there is other civilian traffic in the vicinity, the drone-boat could be suitably disguised to blend in and strike at opportune moment.

Can be a cheap ad-hoc munition delivery system with custom/unknown characteristics to catch enemy off-guard.
Like the difference between an IED and a mine.

[Pratyush]

1) In a war with a competent Navy, sucide drone boats are of limited utility at best. Because, of the inherent limitations of such designs.

Such as need for remote control steer/ guide such a craft. That can be jammed by a simple expedient of broad band jamming.

2) If you put guidance and targeting capacity on board. Then it's technology becomes on par with either a torpedo or Anti Ship missiles.

In which case a targeted task force with trained sonar operators will be able to identify a fast moving near surface or surface contact as a sucide boat and kill it using CWIS. Or jam the targeting radar the boat is using for guidance. Thereby defeating the threat.

3) I am not saying that such boats are completely useless. They have a utility when used in conjunction with other assets. In that, they complicate the threat environment.

[Rakesh]

Progress on Indian Naval Projects
https://www.thedefencematrix.in/progres ... l-projects
13 August 2023

India Proceeds With New Submarines, Surface Ships Development
https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/20 ... velopment/
13 August 2023

[Rakesh]

Naval Innovations: ‘SPRINT-ing’ Ahead
https://bharatshakti.in/naval-innovatio ... ing-ahead/
14 August 2023

By: Captain DK Sharma VSM (Retd.)

[Rakesh]

President Droupadi Murmu To Launch Frigate ‘Vindhyagiri’ On 17th August 2023 In Kolkata
https://www.entertales.com/president-dr ... n-kolkata/
17 August 2023

[sanman]

1) In a war with a competent Navy, sucide drone boats are of limited utility at best. Because, of the inherent limitations of such designs.

Such as need for remote control steer/ guide such a craft. That can be jammed by a simple expedient of broad band jamming.

2) If you put guidance and targeting capacity on board. Then it's technology becomes on par with either a torpedo or Anti Ship missiles.

In which case a targeted task force with trained sonar operators will be able to identify a fast moving near surface or surface contact as a sucide boat and kill it using CWIS. Or jam the targeting radar the boat is using for guidance. Thereby defeating the threat.

3) I am not saying that such boats are completely useless. They have a utility when used in conjunction with other assets. In that, they complicate the threat environment.

But what about in a low-intensity conflict against something less than a proper navy?
Like "Little Blue Men", who are quite real and quite active:





Otherwise, what is the solution to them?

[Pratyush]

But what about in a low-intensity conflict against something less than a proper navy?
Like "Little Blue Men", who are quite real and quite active:





Otherwise, what is the solution to them?

The moment you start ramming them with your sucide boats. You are declaring a war against the PRC.

The real solution to them is to have a large fleet within the coast guard. Fleet consisting of fast attack crafts and Off shore patrol crafts and very high endurance UAV.

They will have to be backed up by a strong patrol and coastal combatants fleet of the Navy.

If the objective is to deal with the little blue men. Then the sea going elements of your Navy has to have 3 seperate components.

1) large coast guard to keep the little blue men out of your areas of interest during peace time.

2) strong force of patrol and costal combatants for the Navy, such as, fast attack crafts with light Anti Ship missiles. Patrol ships with large helicopter capacity ( more than 4 Romeo type helos) along with the ability to deploy a company of men from small crafts. Think capacity that INS Jalashwa would bring if she was under 5000 tons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INS_Jalashwa_(L41)

Or for that matter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C ... ss_frigate

3) the blue water component of the fleet for high end applications.

[sanman]

The moment you start ramming them with your sucide boats. You are declaring a war against the PRC.

The real solution to them is to have a large fleet within the coast guard. Fleet consisting of fast attack crafts and Off shore patrol crafts and very high endurance UAV.

They will have to be backed up by a strong patrol and coastal combatants fleet of the Navy.

If the objective is to deal with the little blue men. Then the sea going elements of your Navy has to have 3 seperate components.

1) large coast guard to keep the little blue men out of your areas of interest during peace time.

2) strong force of patrol and costal combatants for the Navy, such as, fast attack crafts with light Anti Ship missiles. Patrol ships with large helicopter capacity ( more than 4 Romeo type helos) along with the ability to deploy a company of men from small crafts. Think capacity that INS Jalashwa would bring if she was under 5000 tons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INS_Jalashwa_(L41)

Or for that matter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C ... ss_frigate

3) the blue water component of the fleet for high end applications.

So China accomplishes its goals on the cheap, with its "Little Blue Men" - just like how Pakistan accomplishes its goals on the cheap with jihadis.

But Indians like yourself always come up with expensive response. It's very telling.

I see Filipinos talking about creating their own armed fishing fleets, which would probably not be as expensive.

[Pratyush]

So China accomplishes its goals on the cheap, with its "Little Blue Men" - just like how Pakistan accomplishes its goals on the cheap with jihadis.

But Indians like yourself always come up with expensive response. It's very telling.

I see Filipinos talking about creating their own armed fishing fleets, which would probably not be as expensive.

1) Why should India create a seperate organisation for what is a core function of the Indian coast guard?

2) The expenses that you are thinking are already baked into the budget for the coast guard.

3) The little blue men are not going to able to do anything about a nation that decides to deal with them using coast guard.

The next step for them is always climbing up the escalation ladder.

So it's vital to be able to tell the PRC that you don't want to go there. That task will be accomplished by a robust naval fleet and not a mirroring of a little blue men fleet.

4) Phillipines and other nations of the south China sea littoral have a different operating environment from India's operating environment in the Indian Ocean. Therefore our response cannot be the same as what is considered by Phillipines or Vietnam.

[Pratyush]

I think I understand what you want to accomplish.

However, a response to grey zone warfare is not mirroring.

It's demonstration of a will to climb up the escalation ladder.

My post from this point is not going to fit the mandate of this thread.

India is not the police man of the Indian Ocean. An Indian little blue men fleet will have to be an enforcement agency from the fisheries ministry. An agency designed and built to enforce compliance from an Indian fishing fleet in open oceans. If that fleet decides to go around the world fishing, then the agency has to follow them. But the primary responsibility of that agency cannot be confrontation with other nations enforcement agencies.

The other arrows in your quiver are the issues of environmental protection and prevention of over exploitation of natural resources in the Indian Ocean.

The best way to accomplish that is to operate in cooperation with other Indian Ocean littoral nation.

Once you have an agreement with those nations in terms of fishing quotas and in other areas with a clear demarcation of areas of responsibility.

Your ability to deal with PRC fishing fleet within the Indian Ocean goes up substantially.

But building any agency just because PRC has that agency is not going to the most optimum use of resources.

[MeshaVishwas]

Some updates on the fleet:

1) INS Mumbai with her MLU fit:
Images shared by P.R.O Defense, Mumbai on X.





2)

Project 1135.6/Talwar Batch III-class guided missile frigate Tushil is preparing for mooring trials at Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad.
Tushil was originally laid down as a 4th Project 11356 Admiral Grigorovich/Krivak V-class frigate in July 2013, and was intended to join the Black Sea Fleet, but the construction was halted when Ukraine refused to supply the engines for the frigates.
"Russia and India signed contracts in November 2018 for the delivery of four frigates of project 11356. Two frigates will be built by Yantar and another two by Goa Shipyard Limited." - http://navalnews.com, November 2022.

-@Saturnax1 on X
Swatantrata divas ki haardik shubhkamnayen!

[Ashokk]

After A Long Wait, Indian Navy To Finally Get Five Fleet Support Ships As Government Approves Contract Worth ₹20,000 Crore

In a significant capability boost for the Indian Navy, the Central Government has given approval for the procurement of five fleet support ships (FSS) worth ₹20,000 crore, reported ANI.

These vessels will help in the replenishment of naval warships, at sea by supplying them essential items like fuel, food, and ammunition.

These five FSS will be manufactured by Visakhapatnam-based state-run Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL).

According to the ANI report, the Central government gave final clearance to this project during a high-level meeting held on Wednesday. The estimated cost of the project is around Rs 20,000 crore.

“Around Rs 20,000 crore project was given final clearance by the Central government in a high-level meeting on Wednesday. The five fleet support ships will be built by the HSL with the support of multiple Indian private sector small and medium enterprises,” the report quoted an official as saying.

This approval comes after repeated delays of more than 9 years. The FSS project was initially proposed in 2014.

However, the project encountered persistent delays.

Firstly, due to differences between HSL and the Korean design consultant Hyundai Heavy Industries, and secondly, with the Turkish shipyard TAIS due to Turkey's stance on Jammu and Kashmir after the amendment in Article 370.

The project is anticipated to generate thousands of new jobs over an extended period and enhance the capabilities of industries aligned with the project, the report stated.

Each of these ships will weigh approximately 45,000 tonnes, and will be delivered within eight years.

[Rakesh]

India To Build 5 Fleet Support Ships Worth 20,000 Crore, A Major Boost To Its Naval Capacity
https://www.marineinsight.com/shipping- ... -capacity/
17 August 2023

[wig]

Submarine INS Vagir , deploys to Fremantle, Australia

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePa ... ID=1950460
extracted

INS Vagir, the fifth of the Scorpene or Kalvari-class diesel-electric submarines that was commissioned in January this year, will participate in various exercises with Royal Australian Navy (RAN) units on the west coast of Australia after arriving at Fremantle on Sunday.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ind ... 861277.cms