The pain of China's Tibet! Sino-Indian war, why can not guard the People's Liberation Army after the possession of the South?
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1962 Sino-Indian border war, after the victory of our army, was ordered to withdraw in 1959 Japan and China and India on November 7 the actual line of control the two sides. In the western part of the Sino-Indian border, this "line in November 1959" is the traditional Sino-Indian boundary line, but does not include about 450 square kilometers area巴里加斯.巴里加斯withdrawal of the post-war army.
In the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border, "in November 1959 lines" is McMahon Line. Our army at the beginning of December 1962 to withdraw its troops to withdraw early in 1963 to 7 November, 1959 lines (that is, McMahon Line), and also back a 20 km. Then again all of Indian wheat lines occupied 90 thousand square kilometers south of the Tibetan region. Our military in post-war Sino-Indian border in the eastern section of the withdrawal, much controversy in recent years.
1. All of our military to defend the post-war southern Tibet areas?
For the East after the war the army should not withdraw the issue of domestic controversy in recent years have been. A think we should withdraw, and the other that should not be withdrawn, should adhere to the local immigration southern Tibet, the two sides each have their own reason.
Then, in 1962 after the war, what our military can hold them all the Tibetan region?
The answer is: certainly not!
Why? The reason is simple, if to do so, we had all left to its own disadvantage, given all the advantages of India. India's overwhelming superiority in the case of a confrontation with them. In this way, we absolutely can not be sustained.
Let us look at some of our army in possession of a truce before the progress of the region:
The eastern section of the Sino-Indian border area of our military operations is the main line of the western end of the grams of Mr Day Long - Tawang - Xishan mouth - so that in Germany -邦迪拉areas, where the Sino-Indian border is the main battlefield of the war; the other is the Michael Line Lane area at the eastern end of the tile. In these two regions, close to the traditions and customs of our army lines. Wheat lines in the central region, both China and India are not in force, and removal of Indian army has 16 positions, from wheat to promote a number of the south line. Chairman Mao ordered that the time of the armistice, not all of our military to recover the disputed area south of wheat.
Of course, if not a cease-fire orders to our military posture at the time of the operations and the total collapse of the Indian situation, all of our military continue to move forward to recover possession of the Southern region, and even into the plains of Assam, India, Brahmaputra饮马It is no problem.
However, we must see that as a result of possession of Nanshan District, the special geographical environment, the enemy in possession of Nanshan District, the two sides can not put large-scale forces.
Our military offensive, the main battlefield in the valley along the two corridors to move forward, that is, the western end of the Tawang corridor and the eastern end of the corridor get watts. In these places, the struggle between the two sides can not be carried out battle involving large corps. Our army into smaller forces, will be able to reach the vicinity of the traditional customary line.
Los corner in the region, our military is moving forward along the Brahmaputra valley and the region, high mountains and dense lam, the two sides of the force into fewer, there is no battle worth mentioning.
When the input of our military forces back about 3 million people, the Indian Army has also invested roughly equal strength.
However, if the intention of our army occupied the full possession of the post-war Yugoslavia, it must be along the 650 kilometers in length and have no insurance can be used to observe the traditional line of deployment. Behind our military, is uninhabited, high mountains, the possession of transport facilities, Nanshan District,一马平川front is, highways, railway network complete, fertile plains of Assam, India.
650 km-long defense of traditional customary line, our military will certainly have to invest at least 200,000 troops barely enough. So many forces, logistical supplies, weapons and ammunition supplies to meet? Moreover, because of traffic inconvenience to the mouth of our military can only分兵, passive security. And the Indian plains of Assam on the contrary can be used to facilitate the traffic conditions, free movement of troops, gathering strength, in their view that the right time, location, superior force to spread to me Shoujun attack, and not have to worry about what the Indian Army logistics问题.
As a result, we had all left to its own disadvantage, given all the advantages of India. India's overwhelming superiority in the case of a confrontation with them, we can do lasting? Of our military, this is definitely a disaster!
Shou守不住we are also talking about immigration?
Internet users now have the first place we should be put forward into the plains of Assam, India blocked the road to the Ganges plain of the Assam plains less than 40 km wide channel to enter Assam from the Indian army, so that we can keep possession of the Southern region. Assam plains can use to fight custody battle.
In fact, even without this program feasibility. At that time, there might of our military occupation of the plains of Assam, but the long-term, it maintains it is simply impossible. But this program involves an extremely complicated international issue, so, if not all-out war between the two countries China and India, this program can not be considered.
Therefore, the Sino-Indian border in 1962 After the war, our army is not possible to hold the entire region of southern Tibet. Since守不住, of course, should be back, but it must withdraw our military McMahon line?
The answer is: do not have to withdraw our military McMahon Line!
二. Marshal Liu Bocheng retracement has suggested that the possibility of withdrawal less ......
For the post-war army back, my personal view is: the Sino-Indian border in the East, our military can not easily stick to give up some of the region, due back, but we should withdraw to the McMahon Line.
Many users may not know, from the traditional customary line to the McMahon Line between possession of Nanshan District, there are dozens of dozens of kilometers to 100 kilometers in depth, our military is not only the traditions and customs of the two lines and McMahon Line选择.
前文已above, the army only in Tawang, tile, etc. get the three regions to move forward, not occupied all of southern Tibet. The so-called post-war troops, in fact, three regions in the above-mentioned question of withdrawal did not withdraw its troops.
1. I still Shou Shou Xishan邦迪拉?
Grams of the first section we look at Lang - Tawang - Nishiyama I (salad) - and Germany to allow cases -邦迪拉the direction of the south in the direction of our military inventory has hit close to the traditional customary line. Well, our armed forces can adhere to the spot and inventory, to defend the fruits of this victory? Certainly not! The reason is simple, too close to here from the plains of India, not easy to adhere to, definitely need to back our military. So, is it really necessary to withdraw Michael line? Do not need! Our military will have two options: 1.邦迪拉Shou Yamaguchi, II. I observe the Western Hills.
Shou-邦迪拉Yamaguchi will be in Germany so that, Nishiyama I, Tawang in our hands to control. Recovered more and more territory from the point of view, this was the best option. However, from a military perspective, Shou邦迪拉not say how much chance of winning.
Shou Nishiyama I (salad), you can keep Tawang, speaking from the area to recover the territory, it is better to observe邦迪拉. But here is a natural barrier from wheat near, in favor of our military defense. Western Hills south of the mouth so that the German case is a transportation hub, no risk can observe, the Indian Army can not be here long-term Tuen heavily. Therefore, I can also observe the Western Hills "look live" so that in Germany. From the logistics perspective, Shou Shou Mai Nishiyama line the mouth and not very different from the use of resources in terms of Tawang, I might be better to observe the Western Hills. Therefore, this program should be the best option.
2. Shou-watt should do?
We take a look at Watts Lane area, to counter war, our military occupation of tile alley, soldiers arrived in the traditional customary line front. However, in the traditional customary line, our military can not risk Shou, will certainly be back. Watt Mountain region Gaolin get close, with an average altitude above 4,000 meters, steep cliff, cross the river, fast-flowing, easily defensible. Michael Watt from the line get very far, can adhere to.
3. Mr central line,稍退can!
Wheat lines in the middle years of our army occupied only Meakin, Metsu cards, such as more-jen by Michael promote a number of south line, from the traditional practice still have a long-distance lines. In the region, mountain Gaolin Micronesia, the Indian Army can not force me into great battle, our army can retreat under the circumstances a little, in the south of wheat can hold several positions, no need to withdraw to a line of wheat.
Marshal Liu Bocheng said to have suggested the possibility of lower back a little withdrawal, indicating the matter back for high-level government officials have a different view.
Some articles online now that the troops in our country is not easy to give up when the local firm, but it is important pass, did not give up the high ground. Unfortunately, it is just good!
三. Things are not the battlefield, it can never expect to be the negotiating table
Mr army does not withdraw to the line, starting in fact deny the legitimacy of the wheat lines, but also for the future and lay a good basis for talks on border issues. Korean War armistice talks, we had a famous saying: things are not the battlefield, it can never expect to be the negotiating table. We are in the battlefield of the Sino-Indian border land, give it up after the war, only that we do not allow India to keep its strength. We can also re-negotiated to come back?
四. Snow mountain, logistical difficulties in the withdrawal of the McMahon Line is the reason?
Currently online support withdrawal of troops after the war is nothing but the following reasons:
1. Strategic focus of the problem
2. Snow mountain
3. Indian ready to counterattack
4. Transportation lines long, difficult logistics support
5. Three years of economic difficulties
6. Good international environment
For these reasons we can not say that does not make sense, but not of our army to withdraw a sufficient basis for wheat lines.
1. China's strategic focus is indeed not in the Sino-Indian border areas, but the strategic focus of India in the region on it? May not be right. It focused on the Indian Ocean, in Pakistan, southern Tibet, I am afraid it is not the strategic focus of the first, right?
2. Snow mountain, this argument has been mentioned numerous times. But few people seriously think about what happened in the snow mountain where?
The answer is: mountain snow line occurred mainly in the north of wheat (including wheat line) mountain.
Mr areas south of the disputed by China's administrative divisions, mainly in the wrong and that, Takako, Medog, etc. Chayu County. Several counties that have a snow-capped mountains of the north. For example, the Medog County, north of the famous Snowy Mountains Namjagbarwa; Chayu County, north of the east has snow-capped mountains; north of the wrong that has snow-capped mountains. (See Figure 5)
Therefore, our military withdraw Mak line, just north of the line will be Michael's troubled mountain mountain snow, heavy snow from the mountain if you want to only wheat lines from the north and then retreat back over snow-capped mountains area. Is it possible?
The most laughable thing is, wheat south of the Xishan mountain I also have heavy snow. In other words, if the Western Hills North Indian population do not, they do not have snow mountain problems, but if they enter the Tawang, they also have a snow mountain behind the problem. Indian occupation to Tawang but the!
3. Indian ready to counterattack, this is not true. Indian army to wipe out the trump card division units No. 4 and 10, however in a few days before and after the time of摧枯拉朽like one defeat. At that time, a panic in India, the Indian state of Assam Government has even made will be China's worst long-term occupation. What organizations where they will counterattack. We can Imagine if our country's 38 army in ten days but the time and equipment by a number of advantages of not accounting for the number of complete defeat of the Indian army, we will be what kind of shock, we will immediately think of the army to counterattack ? At that time India has done a national mobilization, but that is to continue to attack our army in order to prevent the plains of India, New Delhi hit.
4. Transportation lines long, difficult logistical support to three years of economic difficulties, poor international environment, these problems do exist, but these problems if China's leaders want to resolve, but also can be resolved completely.
Many people now believe that southern Tibet near the Indian plains, India logistics easily, in fact, it is not aware of the situation at that time. India was fighting in southern Tibet, it is very difficult logistics.
In this paper, Figure III, cited in the border war in 1962, India No. 4 Division尼兰詹. Prasad book The Fall of Towang (Chinese translation of "an Indian general confession of aggression against China"). Is how we look at the Prasad said:
...... Pictogram contrast, China's preparations are far better than we are. With its unique style of the Chinese in Tibet, the eastern part of the large-scale construction of roads and the airport plans, which have a profound impact on India's. Enable China to focus on road network and maintenance of the border大兵团Direct. This is China, it is not difficult; because of the topography of Tibet there is a plateau, very flat in many places for military vehicles. The ground in this road, will not be a big problem. Department of Tawang highlighted area to the north, is a typical example. In contrast, in our side, we must cross the jungle clouds, rain fell across several mountains, the main line to reach the region, while China may be the front line along the Brahmaputra has run almost through our borders. Limited as long as they work, the donkey would enable the existing horse trail vehicles. Obviously, this is an unequal confrontation ...."
Prasad said, do not rule out seeking an excuse for the defeat of Indian elements, but the actual experience as a border war in 1962 the senior commanders of the Indian line, he concluded to be more realistic.
If our army in the traditional customary line Shou, the Indian Army did not logistical problems. But if we retreat to the hinterland of southern Tibet, the Indian Army was in possession of Nanshan District, I am afraid of the logistical problems less than our military. By Prasad said the anti-people to think it is more possession logistical support of our military superiority.
In fact, even if our military back to wheat lines, but also there is still a long transport, logistical support problems.
In 1969, China and the Soviet Union due to the conflict Zhenbao Island, suddenly tense relations, war cloud processes, the CPC Central Committee had found the Soviet Union on China's military offensive in the country to carry out the evacuation, the army entered the months of emergency preparedness. Since then a few years, the state financial expenditure 1 / 4 or more for military projects, total number of troops has risen to more than six million people and huge amounts of long-term expenditures, readiness to spend big is the founding of New China unprecedented.
We can imagine a time when our country was WG, economy, please? In the south, China's support for Vietnam against the United States, thousands of kilometers in the north of the border, a full-scale military confrontation with the Soviet Union, which is what the international environment?
This bad economy, the international environment is so bad, so much readiness to spend, did not collapse in our country is not it?
五. Our military to withdraw the real reason for McMahon Line
1. Our government in the fifties and sixties to address the issue of Sino-Indian border ideas
After the founding of our country to deal with border issues with neighboring countries is the principle:
(1). Left over from old China to the boundaries of reality to take the attitude of respect and recognize the line of actual control, not to use force to change the status quo has been the border.
(2). Recognition of the Line of Actual Control in the basis of the delineation of the boundary through negotiations.
For various reasons, the Sino-Indian border dispute between the two governments on a formal showdown in 1959. In March 1959, Nehru wrote to Zhou Enlai, requested that the disputed territory of 125,000 square km of all classified India. And in August the same year in October, the Indian Army's Eastern Long long provoked the incident and the West line of the conflict in the mouth air Kazan. November 7, Zhou Enlai formally proposed the two sides to the Indian Line of Actual Control in the border 20 kilometers of the retreat in order to avoid conflicts. This is the November 7, 1959 Line of Control in the history of the two sides.
This line of control in the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border is the McMahon Line; in the western section is the traditional Sino-Indian boundary line. THEY Accept this///
1960, Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi's visit to India when the Indian side to the "east for the West" or "abandoned East Paul West" program, also November 7, 1959 the two sides based on the actual line of control proposed. Under this program, our government has abandoned the actual area to the south line of the wheat.
However, the western section of Nehru insisted claim Aksai Chin region, the Chinese government makes no concessions to achieve this great result.
After the border war in 1962, while our military occupation of part of the disputed area south of wheat, but the region is China's government has approved the implementation of India-controlled areas, we do not intend to change the status quo by force. Thus, the total withdrawal of our military will be announced by our own November 7, 1959 both the actual line of control. And intended as the basis of the Sino-Indian border talks re-opened as soon as possible to resolve the border issue.
2. India, the principle of
But it is a pity that India does not recognize, we do not intend to comply with this proposed line of actual control. India's principles are:
India believes that where the boundary line drawn in their favor, it should be designated where no need to consult with China;
Indian advance where there is the actual line of control in India;
The actual occupation of the sovereign, 80% will be international recognition.
From the 80's began to erode after Mr India north of the line of view of China's territory, India has not changed its treatment of the principles of the disputed territory.
I personally think that our government's package to solve the Sino-Indian border dispute, not necessarily in conformity with international law and international practice, not necessarily valid. There are three reasons: 1. The territory of an area of much controversy; 2. 1 October, 1949, both China and India did not form a relatively stable, the actual line of control; 3. India has its own code of conduct.
Because India is acting in accordance with the other codes of conduct, does not accept China's "law of the actual line of control", we do not have the effect of not only, but also convey the wrong message to the other side, and finally counter-productive. Not solve the problem we suffer heavy losses.
We proposed to the east in the pre-war and post-war West for the unconditional withdrawal of the wheat lines, which are sent the wrong message to the Indian approach. Maxwell in "India China war," wrote the book: This is not so much so that the whole world breathed a sigh of relief, as that is to let the whole world is stunned. The history of world war has never been such a thing, the victory party in the losers there is no commitment case, unilaterally and unconditionally withdraw its troops, in fact, that is, pay a high price so that their hard-won gains of the victory. Like when the Qing Government in the Sino-French War in Vietnam, the French victory over the anti-Qing States anti-abortion unbeaten.