Indian Military Aviation

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sum
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by sum »

Contenders include the Embraer EMB-312 Tucano, EADS PZL-130 Orlik, Grob G120, Hawker Beechcraft T-6, Pilatus PC-7A, Korea’s KT-1 and Daher-Socata TB30 — with the last three having the same basic platform and engine. Once a decision is made, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) will float a bid for the design of 104 aircraft.
Sad day that we have to start importing even basic trainers when we are looking forward to MCAs etc...
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by merlin »

shiv wrote:
indranilroy wrote:But they are not the top gun kind of guys who do acts of bravado. In fact for each flight they have a strict flight manual which they strictly adhere to, they would not start a roll a sec early, nor would they exceed set speed for the flight.

Absolutely true and some BRFites may recall a BRF Aero India meet where there was a joke about this. We had invited the pilot of a particular aircraft and he joked about how the test pilot flying the same aircraft for the display did nothing exciting and in fact did a chukker around the whole of Karnataka just to turn around before returning after each fly-by/display in front of the audience. No names will be mentioned.
Yes, both pilots were there and a study in contrast. The regular pilot with a *lot* of hours on that type was pretty flamboyant. The test pilot in contrast was very soft spoken and cool, almost laid back.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by NRao »

shiv wrote:
Viv S wrote:I wish GTRE would start working on an indigenous engine to power the IJT. Unlike the Kaveri which is to replace the F404, the technical requirements for the IJT's engine were probably more modest with the order size still being substantial.
Someone has mentioned (in some thread maybe this one) the idea that an IIT dept should be given teh job of designing an aircraft. I think this engine idea should go to at least two separate university depts and not the GTRE.
For what it is worth, there was a Prof at Bombay IIT that proposed to modify the MiG-21 instead of building the LCA - this was back in early 80s or could be late 70s. !!!!!!!!!!!!

The base was there. IMVVVHO the GoI squandered it away because of lack of vision and of ocurse total lack of management 9which exists today too).
"Research" is actually a form of play. The best researchers are funded for doing what they love with no penalty for not reaching a pre-set goal. I am not sure the GTRE qualifies as such an establishment. As an audited govt dept they have to have pre set goals, timelines etc and they fail all round.

Note that in aero-engine development - mistakes you make also count as learning. Having many centers making different mistakes adds to the body of knowledge.
GTRE by itself does not have to conduct research. They could have either multiple institutions that support this effort of even one or two GTRE related institutions that perform this function. Whatever the case instead of gassing around India should get it moving. Once it is there it is only a matter of reorganizing to give it the proper shape.

However, this was actually started by someone related to the LCA (in aircraft design, etc, not engines) (Shiv, no points for guessing). There was a problem that arose that diluted the "research". (I do not want to post the cause - it would not contribute to the discussion or the situation.)
In addition we need an engine test bed aircraft of our own. Recall the Fairchild Packet with a dorsally mounted jet engine? India has some experience (now crashed) of a dorsally mounted radar idli on an Avro 748. Why not take a proven engine - such as the one used in Kirans, mount it dorsally on an Avro and develop a test bed aircraft?
"Why not ..........".

Because there is no reason to do anything. Mush has gone, so no more Kargils. The US has intervened and we do not need to anything to control our own region. Fear of Jihadis actually attacking the plush areas or businesses owned by .............

Point being there is no reason, therefore no vision, therefore inactivity. Doing nothing has it's own flaws, but it is the best option for Netas.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Kersi D »

shukla wrote:
Craig Alpert wrote:Sitara PT-I off to Jaislamer for hot weather trials, AL-55I engine to undergo rigorous test
Yes they better be "rigorously" tested.. to avoid any more disasters or casualties.. We cant afford to loose any more of our valued pilots to coz of damnned planes..
Often IAF deputes some of its pilots on deputation to HAL, as text pilots.
HAL has some test pilots who are essentially ex IAF. I think late Wg Cdr K Suresh was one, Shiv to confirm.

K
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shiv »

Kersi D wrote: Often IAF deputes some of its pilots on deputation to HAL, as text pilots.
HAL has some test pilots who are essentially ex IAF. I think late Wg Cdr K Suresh was one, Shiv to confirm.

K
Suresh was not a test pilot - but Baldev, Rakesh Sharma (now retd) and everyone else is ex- IAF. Others are on temporary attachment. One such person has actually posted here in the days before LCA took to the shies - it was Misra I think

Incidentally I saw a Mirage with IFR probe taking off from HAL today. Don't see that too often round these parts. This was preceded by a very low and very loud Jag takeoff that temporarily stopped a Golf tournament (for 10 seconds or so :) ) IAF/HAL were not against me today. :lol:
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Kersi D »

shiv wrote:
indranilroy wrote:But they are not the top gun kind of guys who do acts of bravado. In fact for each flight they have a strict flight manual which they strictly adhere to, they would not start a roll a sec early, nor would they exceed set speed for the flight.
Absolutely true and some BRFites may recall a BRF Aero India meet where there was a joke about this. We had invited the pilot of a particular aircraft and he joked about how the test pilot flying the same aircraft for the display did nothing exciting and in fact did a chukker around the whole of Karnataka just to turn around before returning after each fly-by/display in front of the audience. No names will be mentioned.

Was it the same BR Meet when we had a super wonderful discussions regarding the failure of hydraulic systems ? I think this article is on BR Archives. The pilot got some Vayu Sena award for bringing back a disbaled Jaguar.

It was A Mother of All Meets. Chief of IAF Eastern Command was one of our guests.

K
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Kersi D »

shiv wrote:
Kersi D wrote: Often IAF deputes some of its pilots on deputation to HAL, as text pilots.
HAL has some test pilots who are essentially ex IAF. I think late Wg Cdr K Suresh was one, Shiv to confirm.

K
Suresh was not a test pilot - but Baldev, Rakesh Sharma (now retd) and everyone else is ex- IAF. Others are on temporary attachment. One such person has actually posted here in the days before LCA took to the shies - it was Misra I think

Incidentally I saw a Mirage with IFR probe taking off from HAL today. Don't see that too often round these parts. This was preceded by a very low and very loud Jag takeoff that temporarily stopped a Golf tournament (for 10 seconds or so :) ) IAF/HAL were not against me today. :lol:
I was not sure about the status of late Wg Cdr K Suresh. But I believe that he was quite a maverick !!

K
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Juggi G »

India Develops Requirements For AMCA :P
AVIATION WEEK
India Develops Requirements For AMCA
Apr 21, 2010

By Neelam Mathews
NEW DELHI

India’s Aeronautical Development Agency is evaluating Indian air force requirements for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA).

The weight of the AMCA will not exceed 25 tons. The twin-engine configured aircraft will have a higher thrust being in the bigger weight category than the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.

The Defense Research & Development Organization (DRDO) had announced earlier this year that the AMCA program would be launched in 2010. While unofficially work has started on the design, according to an official, the AMCA will be officially announced in 6-8 months. “There is nothing official about it… It is currently not a sanctioned project from the government. We are looking at the technical requirements submitted by the Indian air force,” the official told Aerospace DAILY.

The AMCA was earlier called the Medium Combat Aircraft. This [AMCA] is very different from the design of the MCA,” an official says.

The Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) that India is currently evaluating bids for is a 4.5-generation aircraft, an official says. “None of the contenders fall in the stealth configuration, which is the most important consideration for the AMCA.”

India hopes to develop Stealth Technologies Indigenously. “We are looking at stealth features even for the LCA,” the official says. “We believe it can be developed here.”

Not having chosen an engine as yet, it is likely that the Kaveri Mk-2 engine presently being developed by Snecma and Gas Turbine Research Establishment will be used for the AMCA.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Anujan »

^^^

We should have a no-holds-barred requirement for advanced engine and advanced radar for this plane and base all of our planning that they will be available on time. :P
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by NRao »

Suswagatham.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Juggi G »

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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by NRao »

If only they had woken up in 2005!!!

At least it is moving. Hopefully in the right direction.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Indranil »

NRao wrote:
If only they had woken up in 2005!!!

At least it is moving. Hopefully in the right direction.
AT LAST! Big sigh of relief!

I really feel that unfortunately we don't fund our universities enough for them to come up with prototype on their own, but WHAT THE HELL ARE HAL and NAL doing? NAL (for example) already has HANSA which is trainer. I don't intend to say that HANSA and the HPT-40 or the basic trainers being looked into for induction are the same, but atleast the basic things should be close!

I hope HAL doesn't spend a lot of time to get to the production of the HPT-40!
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Indranil »

I dont understand why we loose out on our own market. Cash strapped NAL missed out on such a BIG Order! As somebody pointed out, I wish they had seen it in 2005. And if they had seen it, not stayed dormant for so long now!
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shiv »

indranilroy wrote:I dont understand why we loose out on our own market. Cash strapped NAL missed out on such a BIG Order! As somebody pointed out, I wish they had seen it in 2005. And if they had seen it, not stayed dormant for so long now!

Foretelling a future market is one thing. But a quick response to an un-anticipated market demand would be an indicator of a mature industry. Let's see..
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Indranil »

shiv wrote:
indranilroy wrote:I dont understand why we loose out on our own market. Cash strapped NAL missed out on such a BIG Order! As somebody pointed out, I wish they had seen it in 2005. And if they had seen it, not stayed dormant for so long now!

Foretelling a future market is one thing. But a quick response to an un-anticipated market demand would be an indicator of a mature industry. Let's see..
Surely ... but did this "new" market really need a crystal bowl to crack ... I doubt it!
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by David Siegel »

Juggi G wrote:India Develops Requirements For AMCA :P
AVIATION WEEK
Some more info..
IAF issues ASR for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA )
http://idrw.org/?p=1385

Indian Air Force has issued Air Staff Requirements for the Countries Next Generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) which will be designed and build in India .

Requirements laid down by Air force is

1 ) AMCA will not exceed 25 tons weight .

2 ) Twin engine powered aircraft with higher thrust.

3) AESA Radar

4) Semi – Stealth is not an option , IAF wants it to be fully Stealthy aircraft with low RCS .

5 ) Redesign in its currently proposed air frame design to make it more stealthier

6 ) More of Locally developed technology and less imported technology (Radars,Engines,Avionics)

Aircraft will be completely different then what earlier DRDO and ADE had put forward which was earlier known as Medium combat aircraft (MCA ) with Semi-stealth features , Government of India has not officially sanctioned the project but the ASR issued to DRDO will be studied and then Government will be approached for the funding .

DRDO will approach government in next six to seven months and by 2011 project funding will start with its first flight to be made by 2016-17 period and induction into air force by 2025 . DRDO is confident in developing most of the avionics for the AMCA in house ,while the Engine most probably will be Kaveri-2 which will be a joint venture between India and France , Sources close to idrw.org had indicated that contracts between India and France on development of Kaveri-2 was not signed due to requirements of the engine was not put forward by the air force .

Engine requirements should be 90kn in thrust ,Its almost sure that the first aircraft will not be powered by the Kaveri-2 since it will take more then 5 years to develop this engine for the aircraft and will only power the later developed prototype , mostly likely new engine which will power Tejas MK-2 either Ej-200 or Ge’s F414 will power initial aircraft . DRDO is currently planning three Prototypes of AMCA which will carry out initial test flights .
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by NRao »

This idrw article (as usual) is lacking. This article is repacked (and thankfully not cut-paste).

There was an article (Hindu/ToI I do not recall) where the then CAS had (openly) stated that the very first requirement from the IAF was that EVERYTHING be "Made in India". He specifically had stated that he did not want - say - collaboration with Israel on the radar unit or ....... on the engine, etc, etc, etc.

Besides, I really do not like the Kaveri-II taking that long to mature.

Also the 90 Kn figure was meant for the LCA Mk-II. Are they thinking that it will suffice for a AMCA? Whatever, it is hard to believe that HAL/GTRE/Whoever is STILL, in 2010, waiting for events to happen to design an engine. There NEEDS to be some amount of predictive or anticipatory thinking. Start with 105Kn, they will come out with new material, designs, thinking, etc. 90% will fail and the remaining 10% will result in 90+Kn and a better engine.

Dunno. IMVVVVHO, unless the mentality changes, I am very afraid it will be more of the same. And, I hope and pray I am totally wrong.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Bala Vignesh »

A total of 180 KN thrust for a 25 Ton aircraft.. Its going to be badly underpowered... wonder why IAF wants it like this when aircrafts that are significantly less heavier than them have more thrust...
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Rahul M »

Bala Vignesh wrote:A total of 180 KN thrust for a 25 Ton aircraft.. Its going to be badly underpowered... wonder why IAF wants it like this when aircrafts that are significantly less heavier than them have more thrust...
it will end up with a higher thrust than 90kN from day one.

even otherwise, how is it badly underpowered ? doesn't look like that to me.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shukla »

Thales to modernise avionics on Indian Air Force MiG-29s
European aerospace giant Thales has been chosen to modernise avionics on the Indian Air Force (IAF) fleet of MiG-29 multi-role fighters to enable interoperability with Western military aircraft so as to avoid friendly fire, it was announced Thursday. The jet’s manufacturer, Russian Aircraft Corporation, MiG (RSK-MiG), has chosen Thales to provide the Combined Interrogator Transponder (CIT) and Cryptographic National Secure Mode (NSM) as part of the MiG-29’s retrofit to enhance their capabilities and increase their service life, a Thales statement said.
Thales will also supply the IAF’s MiG-29 fighters with the TOTEM 3000 latest generation Inertial Navigation and Global Positioning System. In addition, Thales is also equipping the Indian Navy’s newly acquired MiG-29KUB aircraft with the Topsight E helmet-mounted sight/display (HMS/D), for which it successfully completed integration phase with the aircraft in November 2009.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shukla »

MOD in official press release admits delay in supply of AJT's to IAF
Delivery of 42 (Hawk-AJT) aircraft was scheduled from 2007-2008 to 2010 – 2011 in a phased manner. Three aircraft were to be built from semi-knocked down (SKD) kits, three from completely knocked down (CKD) kits and 36 from raw material phase. The CKD and SKD kits were assembled on schedule. When production in raw material phase was taken up, it was found that the equipment supplied by the OEM had various shortcomings. The assembly jigs that were supplied did not meet the requirements, there was mismatch in the kits/components supplied, there were defects in major assemblies like the wing spar etc. These problems took time to overcome and hence affected the production schedule at HAL.
This is so embarrassing..

http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=60728
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by nrshah »

it will end up with a higher thrust than 90kN from day one.
How will it happen? They are not considering any other engine nor have any back up plan...
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by NRao »

nrshah wrote:
it will end up with a higher thrust than 90kN from day one.
How will it happen? They are not considering any other engine nor have any back up plan...
THAT is the point. They should make it happen.

One of the problemS, as I see it, is that they (engine div) keep waiting for someone to "tell" them what to do. All I am saying is that they NEED to have "some" amount of self-motivated efforts.

Outside of "considering any other engine nor have any back up plan", they SHOULD make efforts. Else we will be where we are in another 15 years. Depend on France. Depend on Russia. Depend.

May be the solution is to wait for this "generation" to move out? Dunno.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shiv »

shukla wrote:When production in raw material phase was taken up, it was found that the equipment supplied by the OEM had various shortcomings. The assembly jigs that were supplied did not meet the requirements, there was mismatch in the kits/components supplied, there were defects in major assemblies like the wing spar etc.

This is so embarrassing..

http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=60728

Embarrassing to whom? Who is the OEM?
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by nrshah »

NRao wrote:
THAT is the point. They should make it happen.

One of the problemS, as I see it, is that they (engine div) keep waiting for someone to "tell" them what to do. All I am saying is that they NEED to have "some" amount of self-motivated efforts.

Outside of "considering any other engine nor have any back up plan", they SHOULD make efforts. Else we will be where we are in another 15 years. Depend on France. Depend on Russia. Depend.

May be the solution is to wait for this "generation" to move out? Dunno.
This is the crux of the problem and very well summarized...Something needs to be done to make it happen but unfortunately no one is doing anything as of now except hatching on French deal...Probably GTRE is facing a bofors like phobia and it is afraid of doing anything new on its own. I hope they look at CRDE which continued to do something on Arjun in spite of IA capping them to 124 units....
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by geeth »

>>>Embarrassing to whom? Who is the OEM?

Embarrassing to Yindia..who else do you think??? How can you expect Yindians to point a finger at the Gora master, without feeling embarrassed?
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shukla »

shiv wrote:Embarrassing to whom? Who is the OEM?
Pity that loopholes still exist in our contract systems for such scenarios to arise..

Whats worse is that not too long after, compensation was sought from BAE and then a fresh contract was reissued, and rightly so, rather than a follow on order.. but whats baffling is an RFI was sent out to BAE again... a BAE spokesman was quoted recently being optimistic of further sales..

Even if the perception in the Indian air force that its model of the Hawk may not be suitable for the fighters that the service hopes to buy in the coming decade, why go back to BAE at all, especially if thats the treatment meted out??
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by shiv »

I get the feeling that we don't have all the necessary information. We are missing something.

As an aside, I personally scoff at the word "embarrassing". A person who is shamed is supposed to be embarrassed. An embarrassed person is one who is wrong and knows he is wrong, and feels embarrassed and might correct himself. A shameless person, or a person who has no reason to feel ashamed does not feel embarrassed.

Either Indians are shameless, or they are not guilty. There is nothing in between - so the question of embarrassment does not arise. It is a worthless word in the context of defence import/manufacture in India. Indians spend too much time feeling embarrassed or believing that other Indians should be embarrassed.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Vivek K »

The seller and the person that wrote the contract need to be ashamed. If this was China, the person that wrote the contract would have at lest been imprisoned for life.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Victor »

Something needs to change fast. This is not a problem with "India" or "Indians"--we have some of the world's most innovative and efficient industrial companies. I fail to understand why we still have centralized black holes like HAL or GTRE that have had to answer to no one for over six decades. If we now have to send out RFIs for basic trainer engines, we will be better off farming out the airframes to private companies. At least they are accountable and our pilots will get a trainer in time. In the meantime, HAL can continue blissfully to design the next spaceship and GTRE the next photon engine.

If GTRE cannot produce a suitable turboprop engine for a basic trainer, they should not feel shame in reverse engineering the one that powers the HS 748 which we have been making for decades. It will make a perfect engine for a Tucano-like basic trainer.

Another idiocy we need to shed is this fetish with the word "light". What is light about the LCA or LCH and why do we take such pride in making light weapons?
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Katare »

It's not embarrassing; in large projects involving this kind of transfer of technology and production of complex products, major issues and delays are norms not exceptions. When you add govts and PSUs to the mix its almost certain this is going to happen. better to plan to compensate for these delays in planning stage itself than to crib about 'em later.

If you don't want delays make sure you have simpler contract no need for screwdriver tech transfer for everything armed forces buy.....
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by sunny y »

Saras probe is out....

Human error, faulty design behind Saras crash: probe

http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/bus ... ras-crash-
probe_100352229.html
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Singha »

Another idiocy we need to shed is this fetish with the word "light". What is light about the LCA or LCH and why do we take such pride in making light weapons?

light and cheap are words I hate too. shows the apologetic nature of the indian mind
even when making a weapon of war. neither should they use advanced/medium/heavy
words. these are oxymorons and meaningless.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Neeraj Bagga »

Is 25 Ton MTOW?
Bala Vignesh wrote:A total of 180 KN thrust for a 25 Ton aircraft.. Its going to be badly underpowered... wonder why IAF wants it like this when aircrafts that are significantly less heavier than them have more thrust...
Am I missing something? MTOW of F-18 is 23.5 Ton. It is powered by 2 F404. Each produces 48.9 kN (Dry Thrust) and 79.2 kN (Afterburner) thrust. With a total of 160 (say) kN. And its TWR is 0.95. I know it is not the greatest.

I am thinking how would 180 kN for a 25 ton be badly underpowered? I don't know what is the formula to derive the TWR. Gurus? Is the TWR calculated based on Dry Thrust or Afterburner thrust?
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Neeraj Bagga »

Rahul M wrote:
Bala Vignesh wrote:A total of 180 KN thrust for a 25 Ton aircraft.. Its going to be badly underpowered... wonder why IAF wants it like this when aircrafts that are significantly less heavier than them have more thrust...
it will end up with a higher thrust than 90kN from day one.

even otherwise, how is it badly underpowered ? doesn't look like that to me.
Should have read this post first.
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Kartik »

NRao wrote:This idrw article (as usual) is lacking. This article is repacked (and thankfully not cut-paste).
yeah I don't know why they pick up articles from other sites and then basically re-word them and publish it..
There was an article (Hindu/ToI I do not recall) where the then CAS had (openly) stated that the very first requirement from the IAF was that EVERYTHING be "Made in India". He specifically had stated that he did not want - say - collaboration with Israel on the radar unit or ....... on the engine, etc, etc, etc.
I don't understand what teh IAF wants. if the DRDO/ADA/HAL needs foreign collaboration for some part its better to go that way than to seek to develop everything in India itself..I mean the IAF wants to bloody well import the entire MRCA and they're all of a sudden champions of indigenisation when it comes to the MCA ? why the hell are they importing the PAK-FA then if they're so bloody concerned about whether or not collaboration with a foreign entity happens..

To me it just reeks of bad attitude on the part of the IAF or else they're rigging it up from the start to fail.

They don't want a science projct where R&D keeps going on for 2 decades without being able to operationalise it. But they also don't want DRDO to shorten the development period by seeking external help and integrating already available parts/products either ? So if DRDO fails because every part has to be developed in India and built to world class specs (otherwise of course the IAF won't touch it) then everyone will blame them anyway; and if they seek collaboration, then the IAF will roll its eyes and say "vaise bhi andar ka sab maal import kiya hua hain"..as if the MRCA or PAK-FA are one bit Indigenous. :roll:
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Jagan »

Kartik wrote:yeah I don't know why they pick up articles from other sites and then basically re-word them and publish it..
its all about eyeballs and ad revenues. :P
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Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Indranil »

Rahul M wrote:
Bala Vignesh wrote:A total of 180 KN thrust for a 25 Ton aircraft.. Its going to be badly underpowered... wonder why IAF wants it like this when aircrafts that are significantly less heavier than them have more thrust...
it will end up with a higher thrust than 90kN from day one.

even otherwise, how is it badly underpowered ? doesn't look like that to me.
Though not badly underpowered, but it will be on the lower side for fifth-generation planes, won't it?

Plane --------- MTOW (in tons) ----- Combined thrust (with full afternurner)
PAK-FA ------------ 37 ------------------------ 314 KN (might go upto 350 KN)
F-22 ---------------38 ------------------------ 312 KN
F-35 --------------31.8 ----------------------- 191 KN (seems underpowered compared to the others!)
AMCA --------------25 -------------------------180 KN (at par with EF, if not lower)
Last edited by Indranil on 23 Apr 2010 01:45, edited 1 time in total.
Kartik
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Joined: 04 Feb 2004 12:31

Re: Indian Military Aviation

Post by Kartik »

Jagan wrote:
Kartik wrote:yeah I don't know why they pick up articles from other sites and then basically re-word them and publish it..
its all about eyeballs and ad revenues. :P
yes might well be so..but some of their writing is amateurish to be very polite.
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