sanjaykumar wrote:India's civilisational system bears some responsibility for what Britain was able to do. To absolve Indians of this culpability is an injustice. A deeply stratified society, in awe of gora skin, despising half its own population may possibly have had someting to do with the ease with which a trading post became an empire. It was of course Indians who collaborated with the British, it was Indian sepoys who enforced the English yoke.
I hope that some day, maybe even on BRF with its wealth of detailed knowledge and insights, we will be able to move past this kind of broad-brush instant answer-production that takes the place of understanding complex historical processes. Such instant answers only promote self-hatred, and its obverse, blaming everything on the foreigner. It is better to look for a third option--step back emotionally, take a break from self-hatred or other-hatred, and study what happened and how. We have very little of that now.
There are sufficient indications that Indians who dealt with whites during much of the colonial period (which lasted for about 450 years--1498-1947) were not "overawed by white skin," or had any big color hangups, but just dealt with them as foreigners who might have skills and resources that could be useful, and later as dangerously aggressive enemies with technologies and organizational skills who were very hard to defeat.
And social stratification was standard for most of the world, and not thought to be a big deal, till the 1950s or so; India actually had the lead in starting the struggle against this system. Was Britain or Europe or America or China or Africa a grand paragon of social equality during this time? So what sense does it make to say, we got colonized because we were, for the most part, just like the rest of the world at that time? I mean, it might suit the propaganda purposes of Europeans like Abbe Dubois to paint Indian culture as savagely unequal, but what benefit is there for us in the 21st century in a free India, to tacitly embrace such analysis in an uncritical way?
The "white skin, fair & lovely" madness that seems to have gripped modern India is, I suspect a relatively recent phenomenon. There is no evidence of it in our epics and even medieval literature; so how could Indians just after medieval times have been overawed by white-skinned foreigners to the extent of letting go of their natural instincts to fight and prevail? For all we know, when encountering a nordic white person for the first time, a Telugu or Tamilian might have thought, poor fellow, he has some disease like leucoderma or even some kind of leprosy! When and where this kind of modern-day obsession took root I don't know; though I suspect it is related to diffusion from the ashraf Muslims' obsession with white skin and loathing of dark skin--we had more proximity to, and influence from, Irani-Afghani-Arabi ashrafs than to the Europeans. Probably even Europeans got their hatred of black skin from the Arabs; one just has to skim unexpurgated version of Arabian Nights to be shocked at the deep and intense hatred Arabs have for black-skinned people.
Small, focussed, ruthless and aggressive tribes carving out an empire under the right circumstances is nothing new; probably all the great Indian empires that I know about, started out in early times as the achievement of some relatively small tribe.
The recruitment of Indian sepoys, often from the armies of defeated Indian rulers, was simply intelligent rajaneeti by the British, copied from their erstwhile Roman masters. Soldiers are driven by patriotism and prefer very much to fight for their country, but even more, they are driven by the honor that fighting alongside trusted comrades brings to the kshatriya. Plus, they don't have any skills other than fighting. The British understood that and made use of it. The alternative--just disbanding the defeated armies would lead to disasters like Pindaris that lasted for generations.
The people we call "sepoys" today--the self-styled intellectuals who play well-fed, snot-nosed doorkeeper to the Western world, are an insult to actual Indian sepoys who lived, fought and died with honor.