Indian Space Program Discussion

kvraghavaiah · Post by **kvraghavaiah** » 07 Mar 2009 10:57

Hi BRites,
I got oppertunity to interact with the shar director Sri Narayana Murthy at a meeting and i got clarified about a few things. The following is the information collected about ISRO.

1. Cryogenic Engine for GSLV MK 3 will be tested by this year end. But, the actual time that they could develope the engine was 2012 with the available team for its develpement. ISRO did some work aroung by pulling extra people for this project from other internal groups and trying to get it readyfor GSLV MK3 launch in 20011 beginning.

2. The scram jet technology has been achieved up to Mc 5+ speeds. As speculated in some articles of news papers, there wont be any oxygen collection and storage on board the scramjet vehicle(AVATAR) during the atmospheric travel, for the usage after going out of atmosphere. There will be two stages, first stage is the scramjet stage. The second stage is an ordinary upper rocket stage with all fuels loaded in to it on ground.

3. The self reliance has been achieved in almost all the fields. Engine technology, propellent technology, avionics (indegenuos avionics module has been tested on board pslv recently and wil be used in the next pslv mission for the first time), electronic processors are now indegenous. Most of the critical sotwares are develped by isro itself. A few processors of intel and some general hitech softwares are bought from the free market. All the avionics and electronics are being optimised in size continuously to cut their weight. ISRO does not depend on external companies for software develkopement or electronic designs. ASICs are being designed for all their applications.

4. A new foundary for chip production is being added to the ISRO's chip manufacturing SEL fatory for chips with much sophisticated quality and small size.

5. chandrayaan 2 will be launched in 2012 and it will have a soft landing rover.

Kailash · Post by **Kailash** » 07 Mar 2009 21:12

kvraghavaiah wrote:2. The scram jet technology has been achieved up to Mc 5+ speeds. As speculated in some articles of news papers, there wont be any oxygen collection and storage on board the scramjet vehicle(AVATAR) during the atmospheric travel, for the usage after going out of atmosphere. There will be two stages, first stage is the scramjet stage. The second stage is an ordinary upper rocket stage with all fuels loaded in to it on ground.

If the "fuel" for the second is loaded on ground, is this typical solid fuel without need for oxydiser?
Are you talking about the test with the mini-Avatar or the final product?

Because most of this information is contradictory. Whatever is named as first and second stages should be second and third stages. The scramjet cannot kick-in before the craft is propelled to ~Mach 5 by the first (solid booster) stage.

Sanjay M · Post by **Sanjay M** » 07 Mar 2009 21:32

That's what I said - you can't use a scramjet until you achieve the requisite velocity.

Maybe they intend to use the scramjet on re-entry acceleration into hypersonic regime. The rocket booster will simply get the craft up there, so that its re-entry performance can be tested.

Arunkumar · Post by **Arunkumar** » 08 Mar 2009 18:59

http://cosmicdiary.org/blogs/esa/detlef_koschny/?p=37

From the above blog,

some of you are asking about data releases. Here’s the situation: On Chandrayaan-1 the archive plan foresees a first data delivery of a complete data set from the experiment teams to the Indian Space Research Organisation after 3 months of science phase (which just started, after all the instruments are now on and working). Then the data will be ‘peer-reviewed’, i.e. knowledgable scientists will look at the data and comment on scientific usefulness, data format, etc. After another 6 months the data will be made publicly available via ISRO.

.

Looks like it will be a long time before we get to see any data.

kvraghavaiah · Post by **kvraghavaiah** » 10 Mar 2009 14:04

Kailash wrote:
kvraghavaiah wrote:2. The scram jet technology has been achieved up to Mc 5+ speeds. As speculated in some articles of news papers, there wont be any oxygen collection and storage on board the scramjet vehicle(AVATAR) during the atmospheric travel, for the usage after going out of atmosphere. There will be two stages, first stage is the scramjet stage. The second stage is an ordinary upper rocket stage with all fuels loaded in to it on ground.
If the "fuel" for the second is loaded on ground, is this typical solid fuel without need for oxydiser?
Are you talking about the test with the mini-Avatar or the final product?

Because most of this information is contradictory. Whatever is named as first and second stages should be second and third stages. The scramjet cannot kick-in before the craft is propelled to ~Mach 5 by the first (solid booster) stage.

First stage is made of turbojets to take off from runway(or ordinary rocket boosters from launch pad), small rocket boosters to pick the speed to greated than mach 3 or 5 (these may or may not be existing) and a scramjet to take the final stage to outer atmosphere at a mach 6 apeed. Final stage/upper stage/ second stage are the same.

Abhijit N · Post by **Abhijit N** » 10 Mar 2009 22:53

Madhavan Nair: Well, I think the first step is we should develop the capability to have the human going in the earth orbit. So now we have cast a project report, which envisages the development of a capsule that can carry two to three passengers on board the Geo Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV). We plan to be in space for about a week or so and then safe return back to earth.

Pallava Bagla: Which Indian rocket can you use for a manned mission?

Madhavan Nair: GSLV, Mark II and Mark III. Of course Mark II can take just two passengers, but Mark III will be more comfortable when we want to carry three passengers. For this capsule, the basic configuration design, what are the technologies required, and what facilities we need, all these have been defined in a project report. By about 2015, we should be able to have such a capability.

Pardon me for derailing the interesting scram jet discussion..but any chance of getting our hands on the report

....would love to know what are the exact technologies that we have and what we are going to develop....one more thing is the involvement of contractors...I guess ISRO does not have as much involvement of private industries now, doing much of its work in public labs..correct me if I am wrong...but this project wouldn't be like anything thats been done in this country before....it would be the largest project effort - by size and complexity - and would entail massive industry wide participation and co-ordination.

The government-industry team behind Apollo:
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/Histo ... ch9-1.html

and then who will print all the press-kits ? http://www.apolloartifacts.com/2008/01/ ... -pres.html to look back to when we are all old and telling our children ...that we were there...

Damn!!..this is exciting stuff!!

I'm so so so so so happy! Finally the 'babus' have sanctioned 12k!

Yeah...baseless doubts expressed by me earlier !..the babus have finally gone where no babu has gone before!!...so the money is sanctioned right?..or was it just the 95 crore for this year ?

Arun_S · Post by **Arun_S** » 11 Mar 2009 01:14

Kailash wrote:
kvraghavaiah wrote:2. The scram jet technology has been achieved up to Mc 5+ speeds. As speculated in some articles of news papers, there wont be any oxygen collection and storage on board the scramjet vehicle(AVATAR) during the atmospheric travel, for the usage after going out of atmosphere. There will be two stages, first stage is the scramjet stage. The second stage is an ordinary upper rocket stage with all fuels loaded in to it on ground.
If the "fuel" for the second is loaded on ground, is this typical solid fuel without need for oxydiser?
Are you talking about the test with the mini-Avatar or the final product?

Because most of this information is contradictory. Whatever is named as first and second stages should be second and third stages. The scramjet cannot kick-in before the craft is propelled to ~Mach 5 by the first (solid booster) stage.

No.
What kvraghavaiah is saying is correct.

ISRO's SCRAM craft will doe the heavy lift that comes from penultimate stage of space launcher. After impart the maximum velocity to the upper stage (that also contains the payload) while flying in stratosphere, the upper rocket stage will separate and impact the payload the final velocity for the required orbit.

And yes it is true that the launch vehicle will have a reusable booster stage (parachute recovery) to get the SCRAM screaming.
----------------------------------------------
Ahh... I see that kvraghavaiah has already responded.

Kailash · Post by **Kailash** » 11 Mar 2009 01:44

Couple of clarifications please

1. What are the height ranges the scramjet would be operating? If there is no facility to collect and store oxygen, my guess it it only operates till it has breathable air.
2. Only the first test firing uses this configuration? is there any plan to add this oxygen collection to the craft?

munda · Post by **munda** » 11 Mar 2009 12:26

Guys

Does anyone have any updates on ISRO Bhuvan imaging application launch? I read some articles that it will be launched in March 2009. Is this the right thread to post this on?

ajay_ijn · Post by **ajay_ijn** » 11 Mar 2009 13:11

Abhijit N wrote:
Madhavan Nair: Well, I think the first step is we should develop the capability to have the human going in the earth orbit. So now we have cast a project report, which envisages the development of a capsule that can carry two to three passengers on board the Geo Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV). We plan to be in space for about a week or so and then safe return back to earth.

Pallava Bagla: Which Indian rocket can you use for a manned mission?

Madhavan Nair: GSLV, Mark II and Mark III. Of course Mark II can take just two passengers, but Mark III will be more comfortable when we want to carry three passengers. For this capsule, the basic configuration design, what are the technologies required, and what facilities we need, all these have been defined in a project report. By about 2015, we should be able to have such a capability.
Pardon me for derailing the interesting scram jet discussion..but any chance of getting our hands on the report ....would love to know what are the exact technologies that we have and what we are going to develop....one more thing is the involvement of contractors...I guess ISRO does not have as much involvement of private industries now, doing much of its work in public labs..correct me if I am wrong...but this project wouldn't be like anything thats been done in this country before....it would be the largest project effort - by size and complexity - and would entail massive industry wide participation and co-ordination.

The government-industry team behind Apollo:
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/Histo ... ch9-1.html

and then who will print all the press-kits ? http://www.apolloartifacts.com/2008/01/ ... -pres.html to look back to when we are all old and telling our children ...that we were there...

Damn!!..this is exciting stuff!!

I'm so so so so so happy! Finally the 'babus' have sanctioned 12k!
Yeah...baseless doubts expressed by me earlier !..the babus have finally gone where no babu has gone before!!...so the money is sanctioned right?..or was it just the 95 crore for this year ?

planning comission gave green signal, Cabinet is yet to clear the program. I think decision will be taken by next govt as its election time.

Sanjay M · Post by **Sanjay M** » 11 Mar 2009 14:31

I'm not sure I see the advantage of having a rocket+scramjet+rocket configuration. To me, it seems to needlessly add to complexity, and it's unclear how much mass savings would be achieved from scramjet not needing LOX.

The American designs have the turbojet takeoff from runway, bringing the craft to the edge of hypersonic regime before scram takes over.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWaiWtH2CuI

I still feel a supersonic/hypersonic transport would be much more beneficial for India economically:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HV7K2BHNMoc

That would have to be done as a multi-national joint venture.

SaiK · Post by **SaiK** » 12 Mar 2009 02:57

http://deccanherald.com/Content/Mar1220 ... 123490.asp But space scientists are not sure whether they can meet the new schedule in 2009-10 because of the satellite’s complications associated with the active antenna for its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and complexities in integrated ground testing. The C-band SAR lies at the core of RISAT, enabling the satellite to operate in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The radar gives RISAT a unique capability for all weather day and night imaging including fog and haze conditions. It also provides information on soil moisture. It has a spatial resolution of 3-50 mt and swath of 10-240 km.Careful analysis of RISAT images supplemented with information on water balance, vegetation route crop type can help predict a possible drought.“We are attempting the microwave technology after mustering optical and remote sensing technology. Few European countries and Canada only have perfected this microwave technology,” Jayraman said.

JaiS · Post by **JaiS** » 16 Mar 2009 10:43

IAF personnel to be on first manned space mission

sanjaykumar · Post by **sanjaykumar** » 16 Mar 2009 19:05

I would like to see a Muslim woman as one of the first two.

A crass and obvious manipulation if opinion in the Islamic world-true but it will do more for some of India's and indeed the Islamic world's difficulties than all the qazis in India.

ajay_ijn · Post by **ajay_ijn** » 17 Mar 2009 09:14

Aliens in space? ISRO discovers three new species of UV resistant bacteria in upper atmosphere

Pune: In a major scientific breakthrough Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) claims to have found three unknown species of bacteria about 40 kilometres above the earth's surface.

An ISRO research balloon found the three unknown species of bacteria which could mean that there is alien life in space.

Terrestrial microbes fight to survive at heights where the three species of bacteria have been discovered as ultraviolet rays kill most of them.

So are they really alien? Scientists say they could be mutant forms of earthly bacteria. Tossed into space by exploding volcanoes, they could have evolved to survive in a hostile world.

One of the new species has been named Bacillus Isronensis recognising ISRO's contribution in the experiment, while another is called Bacillus Aryabhata after India's ancient astronomer Aryabhata . The third is called Janibacter Hoylei after astrophysicist Fred Hoyle.

A 459-kg scientific payload, which was launched from the National Balloon Facility in Hyderabad, collected air samples at heights between 20 to 41 km, and was later parachuted down and retrieved.

The samples were analysed at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad and the National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune before revealing the startling results.

But it is not the first time scientists have claimed to find signs of life in space.

In 2008, the Phoenix Mission found evidence of liquid water on Mars. An astronaut aboard Nasa's Discovery Mission in 1989 reported an encounter with an alien spacecraft and in 2004, Mars explorer Spirit captured images of bigfoot, a human like form on the planet.

Discovery of New Microorganisms in the Stratosphere
ISRO Press Release

Three new species of bacteria, which are not found on Earth and which are highly resistant to ultra-violet radiation, have been discovered in the upper stratosphere by Indian scientists. One of the new species has been named as Janibacter hoylei, after the Distinguished Astrophysicist Fred Hoyle, the second as Bacillus isronensis recognising the contribution of ISRO in the balloon experiments which led to its discovery and the third as Bacillus aryabhata after India’s celebrated ancient astronomer Aryabhata and also the first satellite of ISRO.

The experiment was conducted using a 26.7 million cubic feet balloon carrying a 459 kg scientific payload soaked in 38 kg of liquid Neon, which was flown from the National Balloon Facility in Hyderabad, operated by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). The payload consisted of a cryosampler containing sixteen evacuated and sterilised stainless steel probes. Throughout the flight, the probes remained immersed in liquid Neon to create a cryopump effect. These cylinders, after collecting air samples from different heights ranging from 20 km to 41 km, were parachuted down and safely retrieved. These samples were analysed by scientists at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad as well as the National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune for independent examination, ensuring that both laboratories followed similar protocols to achieve homogeneity of procedure and interpretation.

The Analytical Findings are Summarised as Follows:

In all, 12 bacterial and six fungal colonies were detected, nine of which, based on 16S RNA gene sequence, showed greater than 98% similarity with reported known species on earth. Three bacterial colonies, namely, PVAS-1, B3 W22 and B8 W22 were, however, totally new species. All the three newly identified species had significantly higher UV resistance compared to their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Of the above, PVAS-1, identified as a member of the genus Janibacter, has been named Janibacter hoylei. sp. nov. The second new species B3 W22 was named as Bacillus isronensis sp.nov. and the third new species B8 W22 as Bacillus aryabhata.

The precautionary measures and controls operating in this experiment inspire confidence that these species were picked up in the stratosphere. While the present study does not conclusively establish the extra-terrestrial origin of microorganisms, it does provide positive encouragement to continue the work in our quest to explore the origin of life.

This multi-institutional effort had Jayant Narlikar from the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune as Principal Investigator and veteran Scientists U.R. Rao from ISRO and P.M. Bhargava from Anveshna supported as mentors of the experiment. S. Shivaji from CCMB and Yogesh Shouche from NCCS were the biology experts and Ravi Manchanda from TIFR was in charge of the balloon facility. C.B.S. Dutt was the Project Director from ISRO who was in charge of preparing and operating the complex payload.

This was the second such experiment conducted by ISRO, the first one being in 2001. Even though the first experiment had yielded positive results, it was decided to repeat the experiment by exercising extra care to ensure that it was totally free from any terrestrial contamination.

SSridhar · Post by **SSridhar** » 17 Mar 2009 11:04

Also x-posted in Chandrayaan-I thread.

From The Space Review
Chandrayaan II and Indian Space Program

Taylor Dinerman
Monday, March 16, 2009

India’s space program has come a long way since it was established in 1962 as the Indian National Committee on Space Research (INCOSPAR). Its successor, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), was set up in 1969, and six years later their first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched. Since then ISRO has matured into one of the “Big Three” Asian space agencies, alongside China’s CNSA and Japan’s JAXA. It is a significant partner in many international space projects.

The first ISRO Moon probe, Chandrayaan 1, was an important step away from ISRO’s previous focus on practical space technology applications, such as remote sensing, communications, distance learning, telemedicine, and security. These efforts were all aimed at supporting India’s national development goals. For many years the feeling was that everything they did had to have a direct payoff for the people and particularly for the impoverished masses. The mission was the first pure space science mission the Indian agency had even done.

The Insat series of communications satellites and the unique weather sensors that they carry are a good example of ISRO’s traditional approach. These satellites were at first launched mostly by Europe’s Ariane and are now being put into orbit by India’s own Geosynchronous Space Launch Vehicle (GSLV). The technology for the spacecraft themselves was almost entirely homegrown. ISRO’s policy was to use as little foreign input as possible, both in order to develop their own industrial base and—so they claimed—to hold down costs.

Chandrayaan 1 represented a major break from that tradition. It incorporated instrument packages from Britain, Germany, Russia, Sweden, and the US, as well as from India itself. This represented a major step forward in India-US cooperation. Overcoming the bureaucratic and political obstacles that have long stood in the way of such bilateral programs was a major achievement for all involved. On the US side breaking through the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) restrictions was only accomplished with a lot of hard work on the part of both NASA and the State Department. It would never have been possible without a commitment from the highest levels of government: former President George W. Bush and former Prime Minister A.B. Vajpayee deserve a lot of credit in this regard. In their joint November 2001 communiqué they announced that they had “…agreed to initiate discussions on Civil Space cooperation.”

Chandrayaan 2, scheduled for launch in 2011, is a lander/rover mission that ISRO is developing with some technological input from Russia. This summer they plan to ask the international scientific community for proposals for sensors and experiments to include on the rover. This may be a difficult because the final configuration of the mission has not yet been determined. The rover may weigh anywhere from 30 to 100 kilograms. Obviously there is quite a bit of “trade space” so the proposals, or at least the early ones, will have to include more than a bit of guesswork.

To meet the anticipated launch date India and its partners will have to work within some serious time constraints. By space mission standards 2011 is right around the corner and system integration has got to start as soon as possible. The Indian government has approved funding for the mission and for the advanced version of the GLSV launcher needed to get the probe onto the lunar surface.

Along with their recently announced independent manned space exploration program the Chandrayaan series of science missions show that India is determined to be a space power in the full sense of the term. This flows naturally from India’s emergence as a global economic and political power. Over many decades hundreds of thousands of high-quality scientists and engineers have been trained in Indian universities. These men and women have helped propel India to its new status, and giving them challenging and fascinating new space projects is a way for the Indian government to keep this talent at home and busy.

It will be interesting to see how ISRO uses the Russian technology that they are getting for Chandrayaan 2. We should also keep an eye on the laser imaging system that is being developed for the rover. Integrating these systems into the mission is not going to be easy, but if India pulls it off it will be an even more impressive achievement than Chandrayaan 1.

Taylor Dinerman is an author and journalist based in New York City.

sreeji · Post by **sreeji** » 17 Mar 2009 18:00

I have a small doubt here. Why is it that the chinese rockets leave no smoke trails. Are they using some clean burnin fuel? The PSLVs and Arianes are all smoky smoky. Can some experts clarify this. Sorry if it has been asked before.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MofjUzMA ... re=related

disha · Post by **disha** » 17 Mar 2009 21:37

sreerag_s wrote:I have a small doubt here. Why is it that the chinese rockets leave no smoke trails. Are they using some clean burnin fuel? The PSLVs and Arianes are all smoky smoky. Can some experts clarify this. Sorry if it has been asked before.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MofjUzMA ... re=related

Liquid propulsion engines. Check out the video of Dhanush in the ABM thread.

sreeji · Post by **sreeji** » 18 Mar 2009 00:00

Thanks for the info.

Arun_S · Post by **Arun_S** » 18 Mar 2009 04:09

sanjaykumar wrote:I would like to see a Muslim woman as one of the first two.

A crass and obvious manipulation if opinion in the Islamic world-true but it will do more for some of India's and indeed the Islamic world's difficulties than all the qazis in India.

No end to wishing.
Like I would like to see a Bhangi and a Shurdra as the first two

Abhijit N · Post by **Abhijit N** » 19 Mar 2009 00:04

What's a Bhangi !!!??

Don't roast me please

ticky · Post by **ticky** » 19 Mar 2009 00:39

Abhijit N wrote:What's a Bhangi !!!??

Don't roast me please

Read this

AdityaM · Post by **AdityaM** » 19 Mar 2009 00:47

ajay_ijn wrote: Discovery of New Microorganisms in the Stratosphere
ISRO Press Release
The precautionary measures and controls operating in this experiment inspire confidence that these species were picked up in the stratosphere. While the present study does not conclusively establish the extra-terrestrial origin of microorganisms, it does provide positive encouragement to continue the work in our quest to explore the origin of life.

How can anyone ever prove that a life form is extra terrestrial ? We dont have a blueprint to compare it against!

sanjaykumar · Post by **sanjaykumar** » 19 Mar 2009 02:33

The assumption is that there would be significant evolutionary divergence from any 'panspermic' seeding organisms.

Of course as archebacteria demonstrate there is much genetic divergence on Earth. So on a genetic (codon) basis the answer is no. But if the metabolism is unique (eg majority novel tRNA and amino acids etc) it would be suggestive.

If the enantiomers were opposite ie mostly L-sugars and D-amino acids-it would be tremendously exciting.

However if there is a truly alien aeolian life form, we are not going to find it with present techniques of culture and/or DNA, RNA sequencing. We would not know what to look for. That is a variation of the anthropic priniciple.

JaiS · Post by **JaiS** » 19 Mar 2009 05:03

Israeli RISAT ? Gurus, please enlighten.

ISRO gearing up to put Israeli satellite in orbit

CHENNAI: A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is getting ready to put in orbit Israeli satellite RISAT in the first week of April.

The launch campaign is gathering speed. The vehicle, PSLV-C12, will also deploy a mini-satellite called Anusat, built by Anna University, Chennai.

India may use the radar images from the Israeli RISAT because the integration of India’s own RISAT had been delayed, an ISRO official said. However, another ISRO official said, “We do not know the end-user.” The Indian version of RISAT will be launched later this year or next year.

Sanjay M · Post by **Sanjay M** » 19 Mar 2009 07:41

I don't think L-sugars and D-amino acids are biologically workable under any circumstance

ajay_ijn · Post by **ajay_ijn** » 19 Mar 2009 07:53

JaiS wrote:Israeli RISAT ? Gurus, please enlighten.

ISRO gearing up to put Israeli satellite in orbit

CHENNAI: A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is getting ready to put in orbit Israeli satellite RISAT in the first week of April.

The launch campaign is gathering speed. The vehicle, PSLV-C12, will also deploy a mini-satellite called Anusat, built by Anna University, Chennai.

India may use the radar images from the Israeli RISAT because the integration of India’s own RISAT had been delayed, an ISRO official said. However, another ISRO official said, “We do not know the end-user.” The Indian version of RISAT will be launched later this year or next year.

This is the second time that the ISRO will be putting in orbit a satellite from Israel. On January 21, 2008, a PSLV deployed in orbit Tecsar, also a radar-imaging, remote-sensing satellite. The launch was executed under a commercial contract between the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and the Antrix Corporation, the commercial wing of the Department of Space

It seems like another israeli satellite, the name is not being disclosed.

sanjaykumar · Post by **sanjaykumar** » 19 Mar 2009 08:01

I don't think L-sugars and D-amino acids are biologically workable under any circumstance

Not sure what you mean, D amino picollinic acid is common in cell wals. But more generally there is no reason to suppose a priori that the mirror images found in this part of the cosmos are special. Of cours ethey can be handled by appropriate enzymes, just not the extant ones. That would be a great graduate thesis- forced evolution of such enzymes. Well I am off to the lab (hehe).

kvraghavaiah · Post by **kvraghavaiah** » 19 Mar 2009 16:13

Hi,
I had written a paper on the 'life in the universe' with definition, classification and quantification. I am hoping for some publication for this paper. If you are interested, you can read this.

This is the link for this.
http://veeraraghavaiahk.googlepages.com ... se_web.mht

This is the abstract:
A living being is a concrete object which does peculiar actions. Living beings can be classified in to two categories with respect to human sense. One category is sensible living beings; which are like animals, plants, etc. The second category is super sensual living beings; whose activities are not identifiable through sense organs and so they are not generally identifiable through sense organs directly.

appologise if this is a wrong message in a wrong thread. i didn't know where to post.

AdityaM · Post by **AdityaM** » 19 Mar 2009 16:34

JaiS wrote:Israeli RISAT ? Gurus, please enlighten.

ISRO gearing up to put Israeli satellite in orbit

CHENNAI: A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is getting ready to put in orbit Israeli satellite RISAT in the first week of April.

The launch campaign is gathering speed. The vehicle, PSLV-C12, will also deploy a mini-satellite called Anusat, built by Anna University, Chennai.

India may use the radar images from the Israeli RISAT because the integration of India’s own RISAT had been delayed, an ISRO official said. However, another ISRO official said, “We do not know the end-user.” The Indian version of RISAT will be launched later this year or next year.

The NDTV gives a totally different spin to this news:
India acquires Israeli spy satellite

India has acquired an Israeli satellite that has day and night viewing capability.
India's existing satellites get blinded at night and in the monsoon season. The satellite will also provide India the capability to track incoming hostile ballistic missiles.

Ardeshir · Post by **Ardeshir** » 19 Mar 2009 17:04

AdityaM wrote: The NDTV gives a totally different spin to this news:
India acquires Israeli spy satellite
India has acquired an Israeli satellite that has day and night viewing capability.
India's existing satellites get blinded at night and in the monsoon season. The satellite will also provide India the capability to track incoming hostile ballistic missiles.

This is almost certainly a DDM attack.

sanjaykumar · Post by **sanjaykumar** » 19 Mar 2009 18:34

My bad, in my post it should read D serine, not diaminopicolinic acid. That's what happens when you have to sneak to BRF looking over your shoulder for the surfer police.

KrishG · Post by **KrishG** » 19 Mar 2009 20:51

JaiS wrote:Israeli RISAT ? Gurus, please enlighten.

ISRO gearing up to put Israeli satellite in orbit

CHENNAI: A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is getting ready to put in orbit Israeli satellite RISAT in the first week of April.

The launch campaign is gathering speed. The vehicle, PSLV-C12, will also deploy a mini-satellite called Anusat, built by Anna University, Chennai.

India may use the radar images from the Israeli RISAT because the integration of India’s own RISAT had been delayed, an ISRO official said. However, another ISRO official said, “We do not know the end-user.” The Indian version of RISAT will be launched later this year or next year.

The Indian RISAT is not going to be ready until the end of 2009. Because the Indian RISAt weighs at 1750 kg and cannot be launched with the core0alone version of PSLV. And I according to me there are no slots available unless they choose to launch the Indian RISAT seperately at the end of this year or next year.

JaiS · Post by **JaiS** » 20 Mar 2009 17:39

This one clears it up.

India set to launch imaging satellite with Israeli support

http://www.ptinews.com/pti\ptisite.nsf/ ... enDocument

Bangalore, Mar 20 (PTI) India is all set to launch a radar imaging satellite (RISAT) built with "substantial inputs" from the Israel aerospace industry from Sriharikota spaceport, an ISRO official said today.

Israel has supplied Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which is in fact "heart" of the 1780-kg remote sensing satellite, the official told PTI on condition of anonymity. "Israel has supplied substantial systems," the ISRO official said.

The Israeli "inputs" are seen as a "return gesture" by the Jewish State to New Delhi for launching an Israeli spacecraft Techsar on board India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle from Sriharikota last year.

"RISAT is likely to be launched in the first half of April. We are looking at April five or six," the official said.

An active sensor, SAR operates in the microwave range of electromagnetic spectrum and provides the target parameters such as dielectric constant, roughness, and geometry.

ramana · Post by **ramana** » 21 Mar 2009 03:35

So the primary sensor or instrument is Israeli supplied and similar to TECSAR. Why all the DDM confusion was the ISRO spokemane speaking while mumbling? It sure looks like a convluted attampts by DDM to give a spin. Did they describe the Chandrayan as launched with US help?

JaiS · Post by **JaiS** » 21 Mar 2009 05:32

Indian NSDI publishes Metadata Standards ver 2.0

ramana, the previous article does implies Indian ownership, IMO.

Sanjay M · Post by **Sanjay M** » 21 Mar 2009 07:14

India buys Israeli spy satellite: report

shyamd · Post by **shyamd** » 21 Mar 2009 23:09

Diyaar Space Guru's. Is this the same RISAT-2 that is being launched by the yeeevil yindu?

RISAT

Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT) is a microwave remote sensing mission with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) operating in C-band and having a 6 x 2 meter planar active array antenna based on trans-receiver module architecture. SAR is an all weather-imaging sensor capable of taking images in cloudy and snow covered regions and also both during day and night. RISAT weighs 1,750 kg.

Design verification model of Synthetic Aperture Radar for RISAT undergoing near-field test

During the year, preliminary design review for the ground segment has been completed and flight model activities taken up. The satellite is planned to be launched on board PSLV during 2008-09. Some of the new technological elements in RISAT are: 160 x 4 Mbps data handling system, 0.3 Nm (50 Nms) reaction wheels, antenna deployment mechanism, 70 V power bus, thermal control of SAR antenna and phased array antenna (with Dual Polarisation).

JaiS · Post by **JaiS** » 21 Mar 2009 23:18

shyamd, IMO the one which you have posted is still work-in-progress and to be launched later this year or next year. In the interim we are launching one with significant Israeli inputs.

India to launch Israel-backed satellite

ISRO spokesman S. Satish told CNN that it would be a radar-imaging satellite equipped with all-weather capability.

"It's an Indian satellite built with inputs from the Israeli aerospace industry. It will be launched from a PSLV in April," Satish said. A PSLV is a polar satellite launch vehicle.

"As far as ISRO is concerned, this (spying) is not one of the applications,

" he remarked.

Satish, however, explained that the new satellite would be capable of locating sites during nights and during thick cloud cover.

Anujan · Post by **Anujan** » 21 Mar 2009 23:45

shyamd wrote:Diyaar Space Guru's. Is this the same RISAT-2 that is being launched by the yeeevil yindu?

From the same website: Three dimensional view of Jaipur generated from CARTOSAT-1 data