https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-58635393
Aukus: Australia's big gamble on the US over China
Frances Mao, BBC News, Sydney, 9/22/2021
By signing the Aukus pact last week, Australia revealed where it stands in the world: It is taking the side of the US over China.
It's a definitive move for a country in the Asia-Pacific region, experts say.
The security deal with the US (and the UK) gives Australia a huge defence upgrade from the world's most powerful military.
But it's a gift with strings attached. And there is debate over whether such a decision - made without public consultation - will play out in Australia's national interests.
Shift from the middle ground
As China has grown in power, it has begun to challenge US dominance in the Asia-Pacific region.
China has built the world's largest navy and has become increasingly assertive over contested areas such as the South China Sea.
Australia had long maintained it didn't have to choose between the two powers, but in recent years its attitude towards Beijing has hardened.
China has been suspected of interfering in Australian politics and of cyber attacks on key institutions.
Tensions were further inflamed last year when Australia called for an investigation into the origins of the coronavirus. A flurry of Chinese sanctions against Australian exports followed.
That was Australia's "a-ha" moment, says John Blaxland, an international security professor at the Australian National University.
"What happened was the dawning realisation that all these things that had preceded weren't benign," he says. "We were talking about a country that had become surprisingly hostile."
Australia realised it needed to improve its defences - and quickly.
The main advantage
On that front, Aukus is a big coup for the country. The pact will give Australia access to nuclear-powered submarines and long-range missiles from US technology.
This "super-enables an otherwise pedestrian middle-ranking military capability of little consequence beyond its border", says Prof Blaxland.
In the event of conflict, Australia would also for the first time have the ability to strike adversaries from a distance.
"This is about giving the Australian Defence Force a capable edge in a region where the capability of our own defence force when matched against China is going backwards," said Richard Maude, a former top Australian security official and now policy director at Asia Society Australia.
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https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/16/australi ... index.html
Australia's decades-long balancing act between the US and China is over. It chose Washington
CNN Digital Expansion 2017. Ben Westcott
Analysis by Ben Westcott, CNN, Fri September 17, 2021
For more than 20 years, Australia tried to maintain good relations with both the United States and China.
It was good for trade and peaceful regional relations. But on Thursday, with the announcement of a new security deal with the United States and the United Kingdom, which will see Australia eventually field nuclear-powered submarines, Canberra made its position clear -- it has chosen Washington over Beijing.
By choosing sides, some experts say Australia has unnecessarily antagonized China, the country's largest trading partner, while at the same time making itself overly reliant on the US for protection should tensions escalate in the Indo-Pacific.
In recent years, Prime Minister Scott Morrison has moved to embrace the US more closely as a security partner, building a personal relationship with former President Donald Trump and attempting to do the same with his successor.
At the same time, relations between Canberra and Beijing have been slowly unraveling, a spiral which only worsened after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic amid questions over the virus's origins.
On Thursday, China reacted angrily to the new security deal with Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijan saying the blame for deteriorating relations "rests entirely with the Australian side."
Yun Jiang, editor of the China Neican newsletter and researcher at the Australian National University, said the deal was the "final nail in the coffin" of Australia's relationship with China, effectively eliminating any chance for rapprochement, at least in the short term.
"Until there is a new equilibrium in the international balance of power, I think the relationship is going to be tense," she said.
Going nuclear
Morrison joined US President Joe Biden and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson on Thursday morning, Australia time, to announce the new policy. The plan, which Biden called "historic," doesn't explicitly mention China but is clearly directed at Beijing.
Under the agreement, named AUKUS, the three countries will hold meetings to coordinate on cyber issues, advanced technologies and defense to help them better meet modern-day security challenges.
And the US and UK will help Australia build and maintain nuclear-powered submarines, a major boost for Canberra's military arsenal, although Morrison said the ships may not join the fleet until 2040.
In a press conference following the announcement, the Australian leader described the deal as a "forever partnership."
"A forever partnership for a new time between the oldest and most trusted of friends. A forever partnership that will enable Australia to protect our national security interests, to keep Australians safe," he said.
The same day Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lijan said Australia should "seriously consider whether to view China as a partner or a threat."
Australia's past success in balancing its relationships with the US and China guaranteed the country's security and economic prosperity under successive governments.
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Gautam
Added later: Most Westerners conveniently choose to forget that both Australia and Japan embraced China only after the US did so. After Nixon's famous trip, and the relaxation on the curbs against China, Japan started investing in China, and Australia started exporting raw materials there. While profit may have been the prime motive, neither countries moved in that direction without a nod from the Khan. Today they are hobnobbing with India, only after the US relaxed its curbs on India.