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Same in India - about 20%. USA 31%.Cyrano wrote:Is there any data over time on actual yield vs installed capacity of wind farms in India?
Recent European data has been quite disappointing, with actual yields around 21% of installed capacity, despite locating the mills along North Atlantic coast and offshore which are usually quite windy.
As someone who lives in this area with one of musks car, this incident is a "nothingburger" and as usual a gross exaggeration by the media.
From Grok AI.Another Three Gorges Dam above Earth? China plans to build an enormous 1-kilometer-wide solar power station in space that will beam continuous energy back to Earth.
A massive solar array that China intends to install in space has the potential to generate more energy in a year than all the oil on Earth. Chinese scientists have revealed plans to construct a massive solar power plant in space that will use microwaves to continuously send energy back to Earth.
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Despite recent advances in solar power's cheapness and efficiency, the technology still faces limitations such as intermittent cloud cover and most of the atmosphere absorbing solar radiation before it hits the ground.
China is not the only nation eyeing plans for solar satellite arrays. U.S. companies Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman, the European Space Agency, and Japan's JAXA space agencies have also been investigating the technology, with the latter scheduling the launch of a small, proof-of-concept satellite this year to assess its feasibility.
Looks too wild and impossible.Completion of this ambitious project is slated for 2035, coinciding with China's plans for a lunar research base, showcasing a strategic integration of space exploration with energy innovation.
I too have thought of such a system. My nightmare scenario would be that the remote solar cells somehow loose the connection to the Ground station (sunspots , aircraft/satellite interference etc) and the loose end drifts into a populated area. What are the consequences..Amber G. wrote: ↑19 Jan 2025 15:07 ^^^
China's plan to build a 1-kilometer-wide solar power station in space is an incredibly ambitious project. The Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP) concept isn't new, but China's proposal is one of the most significant attempts to make SBSP a reality.
While the idea is promising, there are numerous challenges to overcome. Apart from launching and assembling such a massive structure .....
However, I'm skeptical about its practicality in the near future, particularly considering safety concerns, such as planes potentially flying through the beam path.
Aldonkar wrote: ↑19 Jan 2025 17:25I too have thought of such a system. My nightmare scenario would be that the remote solar cells somehow loose the connection to the Ground station (sunspots , aircraft/satellite interference etc) and the loose end drifts into a populated area. What are the consequences..Amber G. wrote: ↑19 Jan 2025 15:07 ^^^
China's plan to build a 1-kilometer-wide solar power station in space is an incredibly ambitious project. The Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP) concept isn't new, but China's proposal is one of the most significant attempts to make SBSP a reality.
While the idea is promising, there are numerous challenges to overcome. Apart from launching and assembling such a massive structure .....
However, I'm skeptical about its practicality in the near future, particularly considering safety concerns, such as planes potentially flying through the beam path.
How does one prevent this.
Heavy Water Board #HWB, in collaboration with #BARC, starts construction of a demo plant for hydrogen production using the Iodine-Sulphur (I-S) process at #RCF Mumbai. The cutting-edge technology coupled with nuclear energy offers a clean and scalable hydrogen solution! 1/2
I tried their website with the keyword hydrogen, to know more, but it is too slow or stuck. I can't find anything related on a quick search on the website either.A step towards energy independence and a low-carbon future: The groundbreaking ceremony for the first-of-its-kind I-S process hydrogen plant was held on March 3, 2025 in the august presence of Secretary, DAE & Chairman, AEC; Director, BARC; Chairman & CE, HWB; and CMD, RCF. 2/2
I think that the significance of the above plan is that BJP govt will get nearly 1 lakh crore extra by avoiding imports and they can use it to boost defence or for rural freebies to comfortably win the national elections in 2029. Is that correct?Flagging off 3 hydrogen-powered vehicles developed by @TataMotors and @IndianOilcl, along with Union Minister Shri @JoshiPralhad Ji, in Delhi today. These vehicles will operate in the Faridabad-Delhi NCR and Ahmedabad–Surat–Vadodara corridors for the next 18 to 24 months, with IOCL serving as the fuel partner for this pioneering trial.
Under the National Green Hydrogen Mission, India aims to produce 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030, reducing fossil fuel imports by ₹1 lakh crore and CO₂ emissions by 50 million metric tonnes. With ₹8 lakh crore investment, it will create 6 lakh jobs.
partIn reality, green is not efficient in fuel just as it is not peaceful in faith.
Green hydrogen is gaining traction because renewable energy is getting cheaper, governments are investing heavily, and major industries see it as the future—whether skeptics like it or not.
Yes.Amber G. wrote: ↑06 Mar 2025 00:55Green hydrogen is gaining traction because renewable energy is getting cheaper, governments are investing heavily, and major industries see it as the future—whether skeptics like it or not.
Green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis, where electricity (ideally from renewable sources) splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, emitting no CO₂. The key breakthrough making it more scalable today is plummeting renewable energy costs, improved electrolyzer efficiency, and government incentives accelerating infrastructure development. However, challenges remain, including high energy requirements, storage difficulties, and lack of refueling infrastructure. A good starting reference is the IEA’s Global Hydrogen Review (https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2023).
One source is biomethane. But the process of CH4 to H is not well developed. The other is to use CH4 in a fuel cell which will produce H on the fly to fuel an ICE.
Very good response...a well-rounded perspective on hydrogen’s various applications, clarified the distinction between different types of hydrogen, and offered relevant cost comparisons. It also reinforced the idea that while green hydrogen is advancing, its primary use may not be in small passenger vehicles but in industries and sectors that are harder to electrify... Thanks.KL Dubey wrote: ↑06 Mar 2025 01:44Yes.Amber G. wrote: ↑06 Mar 2025 00:55
Green hydrogen is gaining traction because renewable energy is getting cheaper, governments are investing heavily, and major industries see it as the future—whether skeptics like it or not.
Green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis, where electricity (ideally from renewable sources) splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, emitting no CO₂. The key breakthrough making it more scalable today is plummeting renewable energy costs, improved electrolyzer efficiency, and government incentives accelerating infrastructure development. However, challenges remain, including high energy requirements, storage difficulties, and lack of refueling infrastructure. A good starting reference is the IEA’s Global Hydrogen Review (https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2023).
Hydrogen has many uses.
Much of the "green" (and potentially "pink") hydrogen will go towards industrial use (e.g. chemical, steel, cement production), replacing other hydrogen types (grey, blue, etc) obtained from fossil sources.
Some of it will be used as an energy carrier for power generation/utilities.
Only a part of it will be used as transportation fuel for sectors that are hard to electrify with batteries, e.g. ships, truck fleets, etc - not necessarily small passenger vehicles. Hydrogen can be used for mobility with internal combustion engines (modification is not hard) and fuel cells.
Currently "grey" hydrogen price from fossil sources (i.e. steam methane reforming) is about $2.5-$3/kg. Adding on carbon capture and storage, i.e. "blue" hydrogen, is around $3.5/kg. "Green" hydrogen from electrolyzers is currently > $5/kg commercially, but the price is fast dropping due to breakthrough advancements in electrolyzer components. Other external factors like low renewable energy prices and govt incentives also help a lot.
Yes, there are underground natural hydrogen reserves, often called "geologic hydrogen" or "white hydrogen." Some companies and researchers are exploring its potential, with early discoveries in places like Mali, France, and the U.S. If commercially viable this will be important.
FWIW: My take :Vayutuvan wrote: ↑06 Mar 2025 03:50One source is biomethane. But the process of CH4 to H is not well developed. The other is to use CH4 in a fuel cell which will produce H on the fly to fuel an ICE.
As for electrolysis, one friend who has 125+ patents in gas separation and built several plants for a large oil company, told me that that H is the most expensive H one can get.
H via electrolysis is not gong to be competitive with Bio CH4 derived H anytime soon. CO2 can be fully captured in the steam reforming process. Our 2nd generation Biomethane process (yes, a company in which I have significant but minority interest has a patent in India on this process and US and EU patent applications are in the pipeline) is completely C neutral. CO2 is captured, sulphur is removed. Steam reforming of H from biogas has significant technological challenges. OTH, H from electrolysis is not economically feasible now and remain so for foreseeable future. Biomethane is a the bridge to go from Coal/fossil fuels --> nuclear/solar power generation --> (fully?) Green H. That is one possible path. A judicious mix of Biomethane, nuclear, solar, and Hydrogen is what the future holds.Amber G. wrote: ↑06 Mar 2025 05:55 While biomethane can be a source of hydrogen (typically through steam methane reforming with carbon capture), it is not considered "green" hydrogen unless the CO₂ is fully mitigated. Additionally, using methane (CH₄) in a fuel cell to produce hydrogen "on the fly" is not a standard approach for scalable hydrogen mobility.
Electrolysis, despite historically being expensive, is becoming more viable due to dropping renewable energy costs and advancements in electrolyzer technology. The statement about electrolysis being the most expensive hydrogen source is outdated, as green hydrogen costs are rapidly declining with government incentives and technological improvements.
Good point. From groundbreaking to bringing a nuclear power plant online has a longish lead time. You need a bridge solution right now. This is where Biomethane can help. It will be critical for the next 20 years. After that it will be one of the components in the mix of nuclear/Hydrogen/Biomethane.
It is possible in the short term to pull off "using less resources per unit of economic output and reducing the environmental impact of any resources that are used or economic activities that are undertaken".Eco-economic decoupling is an idea to resolve tradeoffs between economic growth and environmental conservation. The idea is to "decouple environmental bads from economic goods as a path towards sustainability".[11] This would mean "using less resources per unit of economic output and reducing the environmental impact of any resources that are used or economic activities that are undertaken".[10]: 8 The intensity of pollutants emitted makes it possible to measure pressure on the environment. This in turn makes it possible to measure decoupling. This involves following changes in the emission intensity associated with economic output.[10] Examples of absolute long-term decoupling are rare. But some industrialized countries have decoupled GDP growth from production- and consumption-based CO2 emissions.[103] Yet, even in this example, decoupling alone is not enough. It is necessary to accompany it with "sufficiency-oriented strategies and strict enforcement of absolute reduction targets".[103]: 1
One study in 2020 found no evidence of necessary decoupling. This was a meta-analysis of 180 scientific studies. It found that there is "no evidence of the kind of decoupling needed for ecological sustainability" and that "in the absence of robust evidence, the goal of decoupling rests partly on faith".[11] Some experts have questioned the possibilities for decoupling and thus the feasibility of green growth.
Best wishes.....Our 2nd generation Biomethane process (yes, a company in which I have significant but minority interest has a patent in India on this process and US and EU patent applications are in the pipeline) is completely C neutral. CO2 is captured, sulphur is removed. Steam reforming of H from biogas has significant technological challenges.
IMO, The statement is [increasingly] outdated due to several key factors -H from electrolysis is not economically feasible now and remain so for foreseeable future.
Yes. Steam methane reforming (SMR) is about $2.5/kg. A decade ago, certainly electrolysis was not competitive, but now its a different story. Costs have dropped a lot, from traditional alkaline electrolyzer ($4-5/kg) --> proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer ($3.5-4/kg) --> anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer ($2-3/kg).Amber G. wrote: ↑06 Mar 2025 07:49 IMO, The statement is [increasingly] outdated due to several key factors -
Current Costs Are High but Dropping Fast:
Today, green hydrogen from electrolysis typically costs $4–$7 per kg (compared to $2–$3 per kg for gray hydrogen (from fossil fuels)). However, as said, costs are falling due to improved electrolyzer efficiency, economies of scale, and cheaper renewable energy.
Some projections suggest sub-$2/kg green hydrogen by 2030, making it competitive with gray hydrogen.
As I said more than a decade ago in nuclear dhaga (or another such dhagas) and often mention in popular physics classes, here’s a classic tidbit: