ShauryaT wrote:Atri ji: Appreciate the perspective. Maybe you can elaborate on the essential nature of this two faced problem. Do not care about the term we use.
I am not qualified to talk on Moksha because I lack the quintessential "anubhuti" - The "pratyaksha pramana"...
What is Moksha? This is a philosophical question and will have 7 billion different answers, if all of us humans chose to think over this question. It may be possible that all 7 billion answers are correct.
A Moksha Marga can be anything. For Dr. Hannibal Lector, killing men to eat their meat may give him the necessary Nirvana moment (or moksha moment)..
Moksha (liberation) implies bondage. Bondage of Karma which according to Dharmik schools, every jeeva is bound with. But this is quinessentially a personal question. By personal I mean this - From Dharmaarthik perspective, it is not possible for me to categorically state whether the path X leads to Moksha OR not.. and I have said in the beginning, I lack the anubhuti..
But while framing dharmaarthik policy, I have to assign some value to "Moksha" (even if that value is incorrect).. So, I take the vision of a soul whom I believe to be "realized". Here is
Pasaaydaan by Gnaneshwara...
पसायदान
आतां विश्वात्मकें देवें। येणें वाग्यज्ञें तोषावें।
तोषोनि मज द्यावें। पसायदान हें।। 1 ll
जे खळांची व्यंकटी सांडो। तया सत्कर्मी रती वाढो।।
भूतां परस्परें पडो। मैत्र जीवाचें।। 2 ll
दुरितांचें तिमिर जावो । विश्व स्वधर्मसूर्ये पाहो।।
जो जें वांछील तो तें लाहो। प्राणिजात।। 3 ll
वर्षत सकळमंगळीं। ईश्वर निष्ठांची मांदियाळी।।
अनवरत भूमंडळीं। भेटतु या भूतां।। 4 ll
चलां कल्पतरूंचे अरव। चेतना चिंतामणीचें गांव।।
बोलते जे अर्णव। पीयूषाचे।। 5 ll
चंदमे जे अलांच्छन। मार्तंड जे तापहीन।।
ते सर्वांही सदा सज्जन। सोयरे होतु।। 6 ll
किंबहुना सर्वसुखीं। पूर्ण होऊनि तिहीं लोकीं।।
भजिजो आदिपुरुखीं। अखंडित।। 7 ll
आणि ग्रंथोपजीविये। विशेषीं लोकीं इयें।।
दृष्टादृष्टविजयें। होआवें जी।। 8 ll
येथ म्हणे श्रीविश्वेश्वरावो। हा होईल दानपसावो।।
येणें वरें ज्ञानदेवो। सुखिया जाला।। 9 ll
- संत ज्ञानेश्वर (ई.स.१२७५ - १२९६)
Translation -
1. Oh Luminescent Principle which makes up the entire universe, please accept this oblation and grant me the fulfilment (prasaad) of this task.
2. Those who take pleasure in needlessly inflicting pain on to others, rid them of this mentality; enable them to enjoy the pleasure one gets by doing righteous deeds; let all the living beings, concurrently, find friendship and peace with each other and self...
3. May the darkness of unrighteousness in the universe be dispelled by the rising sun of righteousness and duty; Let all the righteous desires of every living soul be fulfilled and may they find peace...
4. Let every living soul always find the continuous company of pious, righteous people who desire and think of nothing but well being of everybody all the time..
5. Those saints who always move around amongst people, fulfilling their wishes like mythical tree, granting them peace, energetically spreading the message of righteousness using the sweet words which are like heavenly nectar (let everybody enjoy the company of such men all the time)
6. Those saints with minds as spotless as moon, with radiance as brilliantly pleasant as morning sun, let such men always be friends with common man in all times...
7. Let everybody obtain the grace, peace and knowledge of the primordial spirit of the universe after attaining material and spiritual success in life's all aspects...
8. May all those who find light after reading this book, emerge victorious against all seen and unseen desires of mind...
9. Upon hearing this (wish-list), the master of the universe said," So Be It !!!" Then the composer (Gnaaneshwar) attained state of complete harmony and peace...
- Saint Gnaaneshwar (1275-1296 AD)
This is in sync with Ishavasya and varna-aashram-purushartha system of Hindus. Let us say that A path OR ideology which when followed leads to what is said by this being in verse 3 and 7, is a Moksha marga. I find that to frame a dharmarthik policy, this definition of Moksha marga is enough.
But I am saying this from position of advantage. I am myself a being struggling to rid myself of the deracinations that have crept in our psyche. I do not feel many others care to pass through this struggle. So, they have to live with identities which have been assigned to them by the establishment. Furthermore, since we are talking about dharmaarthik problem, the most essential aspect is "Loksangraha". Creation of a super-ego of "Samaaja-Purusha" and making him work to implement the solution to the dharmaarthik problem (solution also has to be dharmaarthik in nature - Mokshik solution does not exist for dharmaarthik problem).
As discerning people had already guessed, the key here is "lok-sangraha". If Loksangraha can be prevented from happening, Hindus (dharmiks, whatever) cannot come up with and implement the solution and change the status-quo. Loksangraha was the key and is..
IMU, super-ego "Hindu" became popular when Islam slammed in (from 1300s). Tackling with Arabs in Sindh, Rajputs did not require Hindu, Medhatithi was able to do so (along with Deval rishi and sword arm of rajputs and rashtrakutas) with classical identities as mlenchha and arya. There was a clear-cut demarcation among Sindhi people between "us" and "them". For subsequent 250 years, Islam conquered and converted Gaandhaara slowly. The demarcation had vanished from Gaandhara. Furthermore, the dharmik sword arm vanished and what happened happened. This led to creation of centers in Ganga valley and the demarcation departed. This is when "hindu" became more popular because it was essential. I think Guru Nanak was one of the first of our thinkers to popularize "hindu" and "hindusthaan" amongst our people.
Hindu made it easier to tackle the problem of "religion" - a concept which was alien to India prior. One cannot call one's neighbor a "mlenchha" because he eats, drinks and behaves almost like you do most of the times. But since there is a need to come together, there has to be an identity. His religious identity is clear - that he is a Muslim. What is the common identity of non-muslims? - Hindu !!!! (a territorial term - literally means Indian). What applies to Islam also applies to Christians. This is how people rallied against Portuguese in Goa when they started inquisitions. This is how Vijaynagara kings started calling themselves Hindu-kings, so did Marathas (Hindavi swarajya-Hindu Patshahi etc)...
But there was a crucial change that was happening in west. West had begun its journey of departing from abrahmic idealism (literalism) and slowly began to return to their Roman ways. The whole reformation, renaissance, french revolution and gradual decline in stature of religion from public lives seen in west. This has given rise to secularism and western civilization.
There is huge difference between abrahmic onslaught and secular onslaught (although it started through abrahmic people. It includes Communism). Hindus, by the means of Loksangraha, managed to overthrow the domination of "people with religion" - it was out and out religious struggle. First against Muslims, then against Christians (1857). Heck, even the independence movement was a "religious" movement where Hindus fought to liberate their country and the native others simply piggy-backed.
But the nature of enemy had changed drastically by then. It required different "super-ego" to make people come together against west. The deracination makes it difficult to think in mind and answer the crucial question - What is mine and what is not mine - which inturn begs the answer to the fundamental question of all - Koham (who am I)..
If the answer is "I am Hindu" - this makes it difficult to bring people together against Secular onlaught - because the detractors thrive on multiple identities. Although all Indian philosophies and darshanas are native to India, there are differences. Vedokta person is different from Puranokta. Saamkhya is different from Vedanta which is in turn different from bauddha and jaina. All of them Indians.. All of them Hindus. All of them opposing each other on some aspects and agreeing with each other on many other aspects.
The identities like "friedmannite", or "Keynesian" or Wilsonian did not take root in India beyond a point (the exception being infamous "Nehruvian" which is synonymous to "west"). Which identity is there to rival with "Nehruvian" in India? DD Upadhyay et al, tried and failed. Like Nehruvian socialism, we have upadhyayian integral humanism.
Look at pre-islamic times -
While discussing on Dharmik debates, we had various identities (one belonged to Manu's school, OR yagnavalkya's school OR apastambha's school etc). While discussing on aarthik debates, we had various identities (chankian, vidurian, bheeshman, shukracharyian, etc)
heck, even on Kaama matters, we had people who were "vatsayanaian" or jayadevian etc..
and of course we had sankhya-yoga-bauddha-vedanta etc for moksha matters..
"Hindu" encompasses all of these against "Muslim" or "Christian".
But Hindu is not an answer to "Nehruvian". Because it is easy to refute - a classical rebuttal of a nehruvian - "I am a practicing hindu myself and I disagree with you, hence loksangraha is not justified."
It would not have been the case if (it is worthless to indulge in counterfactuals) marathas finished off the problem of Islamism after winning 1761's battle of panipat and cleared the Ganga valley and then Indus valley of the transnational lobbies which infest the region today and have spread elsewhere. Had it been "one problem at a time", this would not have been a problem at all. The social group which called it self "Hindu" while its fight against abrahmic occupation of India would have adjusted and shifted accordingly to deal with new invasion.
"Hindutva" was one attempt by Savarkar to delink from "religious" identity and come up with a dharmaarthik identity. But it was entangled with religion in 1980s and RJB movement happened. Why this happened? Simple - Abrahmics and Nehruvians colluded against us. Hindu can fight only Abrahmics and Hindutva can fight only Nehruvians. But similarity in names, IMO, equated hindutva (dharmaarthik ego) = hindu (moksha maargik ego). DD Upadhyay tried to undo this, but that did not pick up. That option is still available. One can start calling oneself as integral humanist (although the term is tainted and everyone will call you a hindutvavaadi).
Nothing against the term Hindutvavadi- I am a Hindutvavaadi and proud of it, when it comes to abrahmic problem because Hindutva is now equated to Hindu religion
s. But with this equation firmly in place, I find the tag useless to do a "loksangraha" against "Nehruvianism" which is nothing but secularism and western invasion on "us".
People arguing for and against "Hindu" and "Hinduism" here have to take into consideration this important aspect, IMO.
The categorization of aarya and mlenchha is not relevant today (not until preislamic dharmaarthik preeminence of India is restored for some generations). The categorization of "Hindu" and "Non-Hindu" is important only against Muslims and Christians. There is no identity to rally against the third demon which is clear and present danger. The taqleef with "Hindu" which is been shouted is this. But those shouting and cursing "Hindu" should understand that it is very much relevant and essential identity and them cursing it is only going to hurt them. They are shouting against "Hindu" seeing its impotence against secularism and nehruvianism, without looking at its efficacy against abrahmic. The proponents of "Hindu" OTOH, should realize that it indeed is impotent against secularism and nehruvianism and new identity is required to facilitate the "Loksangraha" of Sajjana people..
Dharma is just code of conduct of sajjana people, by sajjana people, for sajjana people.