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bala wrote: ↑23 May 2026 05:22Tragic Story of How India Was Deindustrialized
Between 1813 and 1853, three Acts of Parliament killed three world-leading Indian industries. Bengal cotton, South Indian wootz steel, and Indian Ocean shipbuilding — all demolished within forty years.
A continuation of how India's textile was destroyed by the Britshits.
How 1 Company Destroyed a Market Without a Battle
In 1772, a former East India Company insider named William Bolts published a forensic exposé of how the Company was destroying Bengal's textile economy — not with an army, but with a contract. He was arrested, deported, and erased from history. His book is in the British Library today: shelfmark T.1280. Governor Henry Verelst, who codified it — with Charles Grant, architect of the 1813 tariff, as the thread connecting this to the previous episode. The mechanism Bolts mapped has a modern name: monopsony. It runs underneath gig-economy contracts and platform supply chains today.
This is on Panini Grammar of Sanskrit well known in India. For the computer geeks was known as Backus-Naur form but now everyone acknowledges this as Panini rules of grammar. BTW for Angrez is very hard to formulate a Panini type rule for its grammar, it is that bad and ambiguous as a language!
4,000 Rules: The Sanskrit Grammar Behind Every LLM
Sanskrit grammarian Panini composed the Ashtadhyayi — roughly 4,000 sutras (production rules) that generate every valid word-form in the language from a finite system. The architecture is startling: a metalanguage, silent metadata markers (anubandhas), inherited rule-scope (anuvritti), abstract semantic roles (the karaka system), specificity ordering (vipratisedha), and a phased, two-pass section (the Tripadi). In short — the structure of a modern compiler, twenty-four centuries before programming.
In 1967, computer scientist Peter Zilahy Ingerman proposed renaming Backus-Naur form to "Panini-Backus form" (Communications of the ACM, vol. 10, no. 3). Noam Chomsky has repeatedly credited Panini as a forerunner of generative grammar. So why did 19th-century philologists like William Dwight Whitney (Sanskrit Grammar, 1879) dismiss the system as native "ingenuity" rather than science? This is the story of the world's first formal language — and how its deep structure now underlies compilers, parsers, and modern NLP.
he work of Panini, an ancient grammarian, and his 4,000 production rules, highlighting their significance in the context of language and early programming concepts. We delve into how these rules, written in the Indian subcontinent, relate to modern computer engineering and the theory of computation. It's a fascinating look into language history and its unexpected connection to artificial intelligence.