Philip wrote:SL did not support Pak in '71,they merely offered Pak civilian aircraft refuelling stops en-route to E.Pak when India banned overflights of its territory.These pit stops were easily monitored.SL did not provide logistic help to the PN,etc.
Nice, but not quite right nor complete... Here is what happened.
1. Sri Lanka right after independence did nt have a furrin policy apparatus worth talking about and shared much of its policy with that of the Brits. In fact, in many countries SL and UK had the same place as a "consulate". This led to signing of agreement wherein UK could use the Katunayake air base and the Tirikonamalai naval base. Much of this niceness was also smoothed because the elites at that time such as Don/Dudley Senanayake and Sir John Kotelawala were all what we in India now calls as Nehru-fied/Westminster-ised. The initial constitution that the stalwarts in SL came up with required the PM to be both MEA and Minister of Defence. D.S.S was not even keen on furrin policy engagements during his short and eventful stint.
2. While the SL furrin policy evolved and as SWRD Bandaranaike came along, they found commonality with the non-alignment preached by Nehru, Tito and Nasser. Anti-colonialism, disarmament and non-alignment came to be the three pillars on which furrin policy was based. SWRD, in fact, believed that SL's role to be = to that of a Switzerland of Asia, a "friends of all, enemies of none" approach. With this foundational ethos came in many antics cos the world aint so fair after all, which led to many illogical leaps and reversals in policy (both domestic and as a consequence, furrin) that can only be paralleled by a bereft drunkard. While India came under such a warp too, the fact that no one man held humongous power in India meant that such warps were smoothened over time-flow. But that was not true for the case of SL where power concentrates vertically. And India has to put up with such equations, time and again, despite the family heirloom of the Nehru family and the elephantine memory of our babus.
3. First came along increased exchanges with communist countries such as Soviet Union and China. In fact, this sowed the seeds of a far-left Sinhala chauvinism that would wreck the country in the 70s and 80s. And as a consequence would empower the Tamil movements such as TULF and TELO, resulting in the extreme idiots such as LTTE. With this love-fest for the commies came the request to the brits to close their use of Katunayake and Tirikonamalai and opposition to Diego Garcia as a policy instrument. While SWRD assured that western influence wont go down, it really did. SWRD chose to oppose the brits and the west in the Suez crisis, and sided with the Soviet intervention in Hungary, etc.
4. Small peanuts in this anti-west campaign were the expulsion of Burghers, nationalization of schools run by Christian missionaries, the life insurance sector, oil companies, etc. In fact, Nehru had to use his special access and end a protest fast by the Christian missionaries. And as Nehru passed away, so did the truce agreement written on cold water. It is not hard to see the shift in neutral policy with the oil nationalization.
5. A special mention of SL's role during the Tibet occupation and the Indo-chini war of 1962. Sirimavo chose to remain neutral despite obvious proofs that the chinis were the aggressors. In fact, even Buddhism that would unify the Sinhalese often failed to spur them to condemn the brazen attack on Tibetan Buddhism, which is not far from the Theravada school. Yes, SL has been extremely friendly to India all through millenia, thats why they chose to remain neutral in the 62 war, you see. Great going, blokes... I really dont mind the GoSL doing all this for their own pristine interests-sake, but for pete's sake, dont come here and preach about "friendliness of GoSL for Indians or GoI" or any such baloney. It may suit well to play such games on a people-to-people WKK basis, but elephantine memories die hard and die never.
6. Right after the Indo-chini war, SL entered into Maritime agreement with china in 63 despite the fact that the main beneficiary of that agreement would have been china. The fact that SL used the agreement to develop its mercantile shipping sector must be understood with the fact that the Soviets (with whom they signed a similar agreement in 62) chipped in quite a bit. But poof the chinis snorted at the SL when they conducted a nuke explosion in 64, much to the chagrin of the SL furrin policy mandarins (oops, no puns intended).
7. When Dudley came back, all this overdose of chini love-fest took a toll and chini mollycoddling and promoting of little red book-holders came to a head. The Muslim minister of Labor, M. H. Mohamed, in a pan-Islamist cause went on to criticize the Uighur treatment and the GoSL chose to side with him because of tension for the reddies support of the little devils (again, no puns intended -- to understand this context one has to read the book aptly titled "The Dragon and the Foreign Devils: China and the World, 1100 BC to the Present" by Harry Gelber). If you have takleef against the middle kingdom, what do you do. Find love with your fellow-Buddhists in Taiwan. While china went all along untramelled till now, it was not until 72 that a bilateral trade agreement was signed with India. Love guys, unfettered love....
8. But for every step forward, two back. Sirimavo lost the 70 elections, and had to take over a coalition that included the Trotskyite LSSP (Lanka Sama Samaja Party) and CP (Moscow). So diplomatic recognition was bestowed on East Germany, N. Vietnam, N. Korea, the S. Vietnam Revolutionary Government and the Norodom Sihanouk-led government-in-exile. The first state guest of this new government was the furrin mantri of the Revolutionary Govt of Vietnam. Even china's role in the April 71 JVP insurrection was ignored, wow love is blind folks. But who had to send in your regular dose of soldiers to fight on your side: everyone else but china. India sent in soldiers to guard Bandaranaike airport, US, UK, SU, Pakistan and Yugoslovia chipped in, while your love-folks in china and patrice lumumba university were indoctrinating Rohana Wijeweera & co. to manufacture a crisis. Somuchso the Soviet Pacific Fleet and the US Pacific Fleet came on a goodwill visit after the crisis, while till then GoSL was anathema to US and its stronghold on the oil companies.
9. Heh, we chipped in more. And wtf do you guys do during the 71 war. Provide over-flight rights to the paki oiseaules. And this despite a monumental genocide of Bangladeshis. You had the proof, you were briefed by everyone including US Senator Ted Kennedy. Yet you chose to look aside. So here is a fck you from the dead Bangladeshis (millions of them). You chose to protest that only civilian transport was allowed. But dummies, everyone knew that paki soldiers were transiting in civvie clothing. JND writes:
To revert to Colombo being used as the air transit point for transporting Pakistani forces to East Pakistan, and to how India reacted to it, Mrs Gandhi deputed Sardar Swaran Singh to Colombo late in August to persuade Mrs S.Bandaranaike to withdraw this facility. She was also to be reminded that India had come to her assistance in overcoming the violent Janata Vimukti Perumana (JVP) agitation against her. Mrs Bandaranaike was not very responsive initially, till Swaran Singh politely told her that if Sri Lanka did not agree to the Indian request, India might be compelled to take interceptive action to prevent Pakistani defence supply flights from landing at Kathunaike airport in Colombo. In the event India did not have to take any drastic action; Mrs Bandaranaike agreed to the Indian request.
And guess what, it took you a sweet March 72 to recognize BD. What did India do after the war: ignore your about-turns and IG visited in early 73. And the defense may be that the Tamil situation was going to draw a parallel based on what you did with BD, but guess what folks, shut up instead of preaching about human rights. SL has no moral standing on these matters. Not now, not before, not ever....
WHat the GOI should do now that the war is over,is to seize the opportunity and sign a "mutual" defence treaty which will prevent ANY power inimical to India later on from using the island as a military staging point or base. Carpe Diem India!
Good luck sir, with the history as above, you must be in your la-la land to expect something like that. Onwards sir, dream your dream, while my elephantine memory will try to jolt you from your reverie sooner than you would like....