Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
I guess Saraswat is talking about missile tech in a 'holistic ' manner. He himself has said elsewhere that India lacks advanced sensor and guidance technologies and that will become available in time via collaborations and joint development.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Can CL-20 be anyway controlled to be used as rocket/missile propellant? That should bring down weight right considering higher energy package? /say for tactical weapons?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
kit wrote:I guess Saraswat is talking about missile tech in a 'holistic ' manner. He himself has said elsewhere that India lacks advanced sensor and guidance technologies and that will become available in time via collaborations and joint development.
What about Brahmos then ? If I'm not wrong Indian contribution to the project is guidance system and related software
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Phase+ nahin, PACE+.dinesha wrote:Air-to-air variant of BrahMos soon: Sivathanu Pillai
http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tam ... 140685.eceAn air-to-air variant of the supersonic BrahMos cruise missile would be inducted into the Indian Air Force by 2012, said A. Sivathanu Pillai, Chief Executive Officer of BrahMos Aerospace and chief controller of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), here on Sunday.
Addressing media persons at the Chennai Science Festival, he said that BrahMos packs in nine times more destructive capacity than any other cruise missile of its class in the world. Much of the missile's blast impact is due to the high velocity that it achieves, which translates into high kinetic energy. Having the capability to travel at three times the speed of sound (Mach 3), it can cover a kilometre in a second. “Work has already commenced on designing a hypersonic missile in collaboration with Russia. It would be able to achieve speeds of Mach 7,” said Mr. Pillai. Delivering a talk on ‘Science in Indian defence' at the science festival, he took the audience, consisting largely of school students, on a tour of India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP). He gave a historical account of the reasons behind the development of the ballistic missile programme that consists of a battery of five missiles – Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and Nag.
Peppered with interesting anecdotes and missile launch footage, Mr.Pillai paused ever so often to ask a question or two – about Newton's third law or about Tipu Sultan's use of rockets in his fight against the British in 1792.
While describing the projectile and re-entry mechanism of a missile, he said that special composite material had to be developed to design the nose cone of a missile as it had to withstand temperatures as high as 3,000 degree Celsius during re-entry into the atmosphere.
“It was a woman scientist called G. Rohini Devi, who developed the carbon-carbon composite which is used in every Indian missile in operation today,” Mr.Pillai said. “Young girls in the audience must become like her,” he said. Designing the carbon-carbon composite material involved massive amounts of mathematical calculation, but India had only one American- built supercomputer in 1986 and it was used for weather prediction. To take forward the nascent missile programme, a supercomputer was indigenously developed within 24 months, said Mr.Pillai.
The parallel processing supercomputer was called Phase+ and was designed by 14 young college graduates
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
wasnt there some other machines named Flosolver and Anupam?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Wrong thread to ask ., but can anyone please tell me whats the status of India's first petaflop supercomputer ? Nothing much on the open media.
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
OT : Last heard Wipro was Designing and Building that one.kit wrote:Wrong thread to ask ., but can anyone please tell me whats the status of India's first petaflop supercomputer ? Nothing much on the open media.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
NAL and BARC respectively.Singha wrote:wasnt there some other machines named Flosolver and Anupam?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Pace + Info - As per Google Uncle
Currently (Since 2004) DRDO uses Pace++
2-3 Teraflop SC (Project Chitra) under implimentation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Re ... ite_ref-46
http://www.hpcwire.com/archives/5465.html
Currently (Since 2004) DRDO uses Pace++
2-3 Teraflop SC (Project Chitra) under implimentation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Re ... ite_ref-46
http://www.hpcwire.com/archives/5465.html
'PACE-PLUS' SUPERCOMPUTER FROM INDIAN DEFENSE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING NEWS
05/12/95
New Delhi, India -- While a World Bank report applauds the Indian software
industry, research laboratories are not lagging behind in developing high
quality hardware.
The Defense Research Development Organization's (DRDO) Advance Numerical
Research and Analysis Group (Anurag) has developed a parallel processing
computer called the Pace-Plus. The system delivers a sustained performance
of more than 960 Mflops (million floating operations per second) for
computational fluid dynamics programs which are used in aircraft projects.
DRDO is the research and development wing of India's Ministry of Defense.
Pace-Plus includes 32 advanced computing nodes, each with 64 megabytes
(MB) of memory that can be expanded up to 256MB and a powerful front-end
processor which is a hyperSPARC with a speed of 66/90/100 megahertz (MHz).
According to K. Neelkantan, director of Anurag, "A production line for
Pace systems has already been established with an installed base of 12 in
the country. Besides fluid dynamics, these high-speed computer systems are
being used in areas such as vision, medical imaging, signal processing,
molecular modeling, neural networks and finite element analysis.
Pace-Plus is currently available in three versions: eight nodes with
240 Mflops sustained speed; 16 nodes with 480 Mflops sustained speed; and
32 nodes with 960 Mflops sustained speed. The product comes with a number
of tools for software development.
Two other parallel processing-based supercomputers already exist on the
Indian market: Param from the Pune-based Center for Development of Advanced
Computing (C-DAC) and Flowsolver from the National Aerospace Laboratory,
Bangalore
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
any update on the K-15 test which was scheduled to be held today..?
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Brahmos Missile being tested off the Indian Coast
All the previous Brahmos Missile Tests
Brahmos vertically ship launched
All the previous Brahmos Missile Tests
Brahmos vertically ship launched
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
+1 ?prithvi wrote:any update on the K-15 test which was scheduled to be held today..?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Illustration of Agni-V as per Dr. Pillai's Aero India presentation
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... 4#p1025944
Interesting heat shield.. mirv
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... 4#p1025944
Interesting heat shield.. mirv
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
MSN news titbit that B'MOs has obtained a $4 bilion order from the services,and that the hypersonic "reusable" missile is under development.The latter bit,clears some of the fog about that future version,as the cost of a hypersonic missile would be colossl when compared with the already highly expensive supersonic version itself.A reusable B'Mos would be an exciting development with a detachable warhead or missile with an internal weapons bay.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Can the earlier versions of Agni and Prithivi be modified to carry mirv
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Now what was the name of the DDM who was gong hammer and tongs against BRF about Agoni MIRV config. All the while sullying the good name of Harry and Arun.dinesha wrote:Illustration of Agni-V as per Dr. Pillai's Aero India presentation
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... 4#p1025944
Interesting heat shield.. mirv
Would love to have some one shove this down his throat.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Screenshots from HELINA the presentation for BR records: Many screenshots compiled into a single panorama image.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
HELINA, K.S.Varaprasad, DRDL, DRDO
NAG - For Mechanised Infanry with 4km range, LOAL – fully autonomous after launch
Helina – Use existing technogy on Nag with some additional LRU’s (radio link or fiber optic link)and increase range to reduce development cycle time and achieve immediate time compatibility with LCH. Parallel effort develop an indigenous high-rez seeker with 7+km stand-off range.
Making Nag compatible for 7.5Km range:
Improve propulsion – either sustainer or booster
Guidance aid – with current seeker not possible to see beyond 3km, so we need a guidance aid. So decided on a two-way, secure,jam-proof RF datalink. Command & guidance upwards, video & health monitoring downwards,
LOAL scheme using RF link:
1.WSO acquires target through EOp
2. Align Helo to the required Azimuth & put the TAS in auto-tracker mode; LRF fired to get target ranging, seeker slaved to TAS
3. Based on range determined from LRF, the onboard computer decides the trajectory – top-attack or flat trajectory (WSO has the authority to override if required)
4. WSO places a target-gate and fires the missile
5. Missile maintains a course +/-1deg in azimuth while the seeker maintains a FOV of 3deg (to be later reduced to 2deg). As the missile closes in the pilot gets a clear video of the target through downlink.
6. Based on the video feed he gets, WSO can adjust the target-gate to give mid-course guidance.
7. The WSO can guide the missile all the way through OR choose to put it in “LOCK” mode and let the auto-guidance take over
The auto-jam features of the RF-link and the resolution of the video play a major role. Only these two are developed for HELINA, everything else is same as in NAG.
FCS provides interface with the Helicopter through launcher interface unit (LIU). 4 launchers with 4 launcher interface units each capable of controlling 2missiles = 8 HELINA max possible for each LCH. Each launcher is autonomous by itself. There is one RF-data transmission system on each side of the helicopter. Each LIU has its own cooling system with a time of 2hrs for 2missiles (as per the sortie time specified by the user)
Launcher has to be isolated from the vibration of the Helicopter frame. Within the required weight limits the launcher has been developed and captive flight tested – no worries on this part.
After the sortie only the two missiles (within their tubes) per launcher have to be changed. The launcher need not be changed. It will take only 2mins to change the two missiles housed in the tubes.
Has multi-carrier CDMA & multi-code CDMA to make sure the command guidance of two Helo’s flying together (300m apart and so on) doesn’t get mixed up (this was in response to a question).
Tandem warhead able to defeat 800mm thick (ERA) armour - great success with NAG.
Future growth potential:
Non-LOS targets
Weaponization of UAV’s for BVR targets
NAG - For Mechanised Infanry with 4km range, LOAL – fully autonomous after launch
Helina – Use existing technogy on Nag with some additional LRU’s (radio link or fiber optic link)and increase range to reduce development cycle time and achieve immediate time compatibility with LCH. Parallel effort develop an indigenous high-rez seeker with 7+km stand-off range.
Making Nag compatible for 7.5Km range:
Improve propulsion – either sustainer or booster
Guidance aid – with current seeker not possible to see beyond 3km, so we need a guidance aid. So decided on a two-way, secure,jam-proof RF datalink. Command & guidance upwards, video & health monitoring downwards,
LOAL scheme using RF link:
1.WSO acquires target through EOp
2. Align Helo to the required Azimuth & put the TAS in auto-tracker mode; LRF fired to get target ranging, seeker slaved to TAS
3. Based on range determined from LRF, the onboard computer decides the trajectory – top-attack or flat trajectory (WSO has the authority to override if required)
4. WSO places a target-gate and fires the missile
5. Missile maintains a course +/-1deg in azimuth while the seeker maintains a FOV of 3deg (to be later reduced to 2deg). As the missile closes in the pilot gets a clear video of the target through downlink.
6. Based on the video feed he gets, WSO can adjust the target-gate to give mid-course guidance.
7. The WSO can guide the missile all the way through OR choose to put it in “LOCK” mode and let the auto-guidance take over
The auto-jam features of the RF-link and the resolution of the video play a major role. Only these two are developed for HELINA, everything else is same as in NAG.
FCS provides interface with the Helicopter through launcher interface unit (LIU). 4 launchers with 4 launcher interface units each capable of controlling 2missiles = 8 HELINA max possible for each LCH. Each launcher is autonomous by itself. There is one RF-data transmission system on each side of the helicopter. Each LIU has its own cooling system with a time of 2hrs for 2missiles (as per the sortie time specified by the user)
Launcher has to be isolated from the vibration of the Helicopter frame. Within the required weight limits the launcher has been developed and captive flight tested – no worries on this part.
After the sortie only the two missiles (within their tubes) per launcher have to be changed. The launcher need not be changed. It will take only 2mins to change the two missiles housed in the tubes.
Has multi-carrier CDMA & multi-code CDMA to make sure the command guidance of two Helo’s flying together (300m apart and so on) doesn’t get mixed up (this was in response to a question).
Tandem warhead able to defeat 800mm thick (ERA) armour - great success with NAG.
Future growth potential:
Non-LOS targets
Weaponization of UAV’s for BVR targets
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Lockheed In Talks With India To Supply Missile Systems
Lockheed Martin Corp. (LMT) is in talks with the Indian government on selling it military equipment, including the Patriot Advanced Capability-3 missile systems, as it seeks to benefit from the South Asian nation's efforts to modernize its armed forces.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
As per this slide Underwater trials for Brahmos must have begun during first quarter of 2010.
If not more at least 1 or 2 underwater pontoon launch might already have been carried out.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Chorgupta?Pratyush wrote:Now what was the name of the DDM who was gong hammer and tongs against BRF about Agoni MIRV config. All the while sullying the good name of Harry and Arun.
Would love to have some one shove this down his throat.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/T ... 752532.JPG
Massive change in Astra. We have already seen pics of Astra-1 being fired, so this has to be Astra-2. Now what does it look like??????? Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm!!!!!!!! Yes, now it looks like Barak-2=Super Barak=Barak-8=MRSAM=SRSAM. I have decided to pat myself on the back as I speculated long time back that Navy is seriously looking for VLR-BVRAAM and MRSAM is a very suitable for this role. So is this Astra-2?????
Massive change in Astra. We have already seen pics of Astra-1 being fired, so this has to be Astra-2. Now what does it look like??????? Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm!!!!!!!! Yes, now it looks like Barak-2=Super Barak=Barak-8=MRSAM=SRSAM. I have decided to pat myself on the back as I speculated long time back that Navy is seriously looking for VLR-BVRAAM and MRSAM is a very suitable for this role. So is this Astra-2?????
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Be carefull and dont hurt yourself!
If anyone has to pat themselves its Arun_S for he has been vindictated twice in as many weeks.
The MIRV A-V shown above and KS doubting RC's claims in the long intereview posted by krisna.
If anyone has to pat themselves its Arun_S for he has been vindictated twice in as many weeks.
The MIRV A-V shown above and KS doubting RC's claims in the long intereview posted by krisna.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
This is possibly Astra-2.. Astra doesnt have those fins infront of mid-body wings..vic wrote:http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/T ... 752532.JPG
Massive change in Astra. We have already seen pics of Astra-1 being fired, so this has to be Astra-2. Now what does it look like??????? Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm!!!!!!!! Yes, now it looks like Barak-2=Super Barak=Barak-8=MRSAM=SRSAM. I have decided to pat myself on the back as I speculated long time back that Navy is seriously looking for VLR-BVRAAM and MRSAM is a very suitable for this role. So is this Astra-2?????
Dr.Gollokota mentioned in this talk yesterday that there is a Astra-2 with 100+km range.. He did not show any pictures or anything but showed the dual thrust motor that had been designed for Astra-2.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
The insights of Arun_S have been long established and taken for granted So let the newbie have some funramana wrote:Be carefull and dont hurt yourself!
If anyone has to pat themselves its Arun_S for he has been vindictated twice in as many weeks.
The MIRV A-V shown above and KS doubting RC's claims in the long intereview posted by krisna.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Sure. Just kidding.
BTW I want you and all to keep the mind free and unconstrain it. You will then see the big picture.
BTW I want you and all to keep the mind free and unconstrain it. You will then see the big picture.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
What is the third logo on Astra apart from national flag and DRDO logo ?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Logo of DRDL!rahuls wrote:What is the third logo on Astra apart from national flag and DRDO logo ?
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Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Rakall: thanks so much for the detailed write-up. Was there any talk of man-portable Nag or any of the other variants like the one with a mmw seeker?rakall wrote:HELINA, K.S.Varaprasad, DRDL, DRDO
Also you mentioned in your post about the indigenous seeker. Do we know what stage of development is it in? IIRC, one of the reasons for the high cost of Nag was its imported seeker.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Nothing mentioned about man-portable Nag..Prem Kumar wrote:Rakall: thanks so much for the detailed write-up. Was there any talk of man-portable Nag or any of the other variants like the one with a mmw seeker?rakall wrote:HELINA, K.S.Varaprasad, DRDL, DRDO
Also you mentioned in your post about the indigenous seeker. Do we know what stage of development is it in? IIRC, one of the reasons for the high cost of Nag was its imported seeker.
Nothing mentioned about Indigenous seeker status.. only that it will be used for a follow-on to Helina (which will probably be Helina with LOBL capability).. the current Helina is more of a intermediate developement with LOAL & mid-course guidance as the target acquisition is limited by current IIR seeker's 3.5km range.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Are you sure? That is labelled as Agni-IV not as Agni-V.dinesha wrote:Illustration of Agni-V as per Dr. Pillai's Aero India presentation
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... 4#p1025944
Interesting heat shield.. mirv
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Ramana Sir,ramana wrote:Be carefull and dont hurt yourself!
If anyone has to pat themselves its Arun_S for he has been vindictated twice in as many weeks.
The MIRV A-V shown above and KS doubting RC's claims in the long intereview posted by krisna.
Somehow your words give me jittery feeling that we are once again going down the path of putting personal cult above Indian Defense. Apologizes if I read you wrong. Don't want to be disparaging; the person in question will definitely known for educating the netizens and citizens about the success and prospects of Indian Missile program with his inspiring lang, write-ups and tools, no doubt in that. Do you believe the pic shown in AeroIndia 2011 and the pics from the person are one and the same. I'm attaching the pic for the ref. One can see a lot of difference if one wants to. In addition i had one to one discussion on the prospects of Agni-5 design features with him.
Larger resolution: http://www.topnews.in/files/DRDO-scientists2.jpg
Second, in search of eternal and elusive truth on the status of TN weapon test, i request some clarification before accepting the claim as "granted".
Did he mention, the people are dismissive becoz Chidambaram conducted TN test - a normal TN test is supposed give a yield in the range of megatons - gave only 45 kilo tons and people are questioning how a TN test can give only 45 Kilo tons or is he questioning the veracity of the 45 kt claim itself ?SK: There is a claim that in 1998 we conducted a thermo-nuclear test as well.
KS: That is what R Chidambaram says. The problem is 1998 tests were done in shafts that were sunk in 1983. They were capable of taking only 60-70 kilo tons. It is also right in Rajasthan which may be sparsely populated compared to rest of India but it is still populated. So there is no way you can conduct a megaton test. Chidambaram says he did at 45 kilo ton but there are lots of people who question it.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Let it rest as you want. One is free to believe as one wants. in matters of faith logic has no chance.
I won't pursue anymore.
I won't pursue anymore.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Agni-V was previously designated as Agni-IV. Call it Agni-IV or Agni-V it is a higher range missile.Kanson wrote:Are you sure? That is labelled as Agni-IV not as Agni-V.dinesha wrote:Illustration of Agni-V as per Dr. Pillai's Aero India presentation
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... 4#p1025944
Interesting heat shield.. mirv
Whatever may be the designation you will not disagree that the illustration shows atleast one additional stage atop the Agni-III stages.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
The Agni-4 was cancelled and we simply went for Agni-5 , I suppose some incremental improvements in A2 plus and A-3 plus will make up for A-4.
From the above image the A-5 looks like a monster missile with a dia larger then A-3 , perhaps a dia of 2.2 m compared to A-3 2m or perhaps a shorter missile with larger dia ?
From the above image the A-5 looks like a monster missile with a dia larger then A-3 , perhaps a dia of 2.2 m compared to A-3 2m or perhaps a shorter missile with larger dia ?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
I think part of the mystery of the Agni-IV and the Agni-V has to do with composite usage in the stages.
I think both were intended to be 3 staged, except that the 'V' was perhaps intended to have composite stages for higher ranges and cannisterized.
Perhaps they jumped onto the 'V' version and named it accordingly.
AND/OR
Agni 'IV' will be what Arun_S called A3SL - sub launched version with range between A-III and A-V.
I think both were intended to be 3 staged, except that the 'V' was perhaps intended to have composite stages for higher ranges and cannisterized.
Perhaps they jumped onto the 'V' version and named it accordingly.
AND/OR
Agni 'IV' will be what Arun_S called A3SL - sub launched version with range between A-III and A-V.
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
From Livefist:
also, has the above mentioned LRCM been discussed on BR. I never heard of this program before
Great news about Nirbhay, once inducted this will be perhaps the most important missile to the Indian Arsenal - it's below the nuke threshold, cheap (comparativly), easily transportable and should be produced in bulk. Not to mention absolutly vital to any blitzkreig assault on deep enemy positions in <48 hrs. timeframe.India's Nirbhay subsonic medium range cruise missile (MRCM) was supposed to have been visible this year at Aero India. Unfortunately it isn't. However, the programme is finally all set for its first test flight early next year. I asked DRDO chief VK Saraswat about the programme. He said, "The missile is under integration. All systems, subsystems, software for guidance and control etc are ready."
On the little-known high supersonic long-range cruise missile (LRCM - image above) revealed first here on Livefist, Dr Saraswat said a first flight of India's scramjet-powered hypersonic test demonstration platform would be tested at an altitude of 30-km and speed of 7 Mach early next year.
also, has the above mentioned LRCM been discussed on BR. I never heard of this program before
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
did anyone notice the pic of Rustom-1 UAV in tarmak looks radically different from the boxy slab sided model shown earlier.
this was the original
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/S ... 781162.JPG
this is today
http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/aircr ... -97412.jpg
so who put it on a diet?
this was the original
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/S ... 781162.JPG
this is today
http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/aircr ... -97412.jpg
so who put it on a diet?
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
ah, singha ji falls for the first riddle in the book, "which is the real rustom".
check a few posts down.
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... f=4&t=4413
check a few posts down.
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... f=4&t=4413
Re: Indian Missiles and Munitions Discussion
Aero India 2011: India will fear no one from next year [Title ]
By Suman Sharma
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ae ... ar_1506596
By Suman Sharma
http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ae ... ar_1506596
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) chief VK Saraswat said on Friday all sub-systems of the country’s first indigenous subsonic medium-range cruise missile Nirbhay (fearless) were almost in place and it would be ready by early next year.
Speaking at Aero India-2011, he said: “Integration of the engine is under way.”
The missile with a range of 1,000 km can take to the skies from multiple launchers and will arm all the three services. Nirbhay is expected to supplement the 300-km-range supersonic BrahMos.
Saraswat said an advanced version of BrahMos would be ready by 2012. The technology of the hypersonic missile call-ed BrahMos Mark-2 or BrahMos-2 was successfully lab-tested in May 2008 at a speed of 6.5 mach. The hypersonic demonstrator vehicle will attain a level flight for a ground-to-ground test at a height of 30 km before it hits the target with a speed between seven and eight mach.
The mach-8 Brahmos-2, an advanced version of the present air-launched missile, will be the country’s first hypersonic cruise missile. DRDO and Russian NPO-Mash are working on a sustained flight scramjet, which will be the core element of the Mark-2 version.About a ballistic missile defence shield, Saraswat said the next AAD (advanced air defence) test will take place this month. The defence shield test had failed on March 15, 2010, but was successful later.
Exo-atmospheric interceptor missile PAD (Prithvi Air Defence) will now be called PDV (Prithvi Defence Vehicle) and will intercept at an altitude of 150 km, compared to the earlier 50 km.
Saraswat said, “All elements of aerospace are within our grip and India will soon be an aerospace power.”