nataraja ji,
thanks for a very important observation : (in fact several which I feel lies at the heart of the debate here)
I cannot make
A = (not)A
In fact you can. It is called "dialectics", or at least the simplistic interpretation of whatever is claimed to be so - only, and politically, by Marxists. Leftists all hues broadly subscribe to it. Because they do, you will find a reflection of that logic in almost everything that comes from a broadly "left" position [with some hilarious exceptions of course].
In fact this is the logical system which is immediately reflected in long and persistent harangues about why
Corruption = (not) Corruption
.
People will cry wolf, since it will not be directly apparent that such a claim has been made so far. But think carefully - if you insist that "corruption" happens because of "bad policy", and it would not have happened if "good policies" were in place, then it makes "corruption" a result determined by "policy". This makes "policy" the real culprit, and responsibility for "corruption" shifts to those who make "policies". It also makes "corruption" and "policy-making" two separate, and distinct entities.
Thus if you say that "corruption" is a systemic response to the system itself, it cannot be dubbed "corruption" - it is simply the optimal response from those using the system trying to maximize their own benefits [ in fact a short step from here is to state the underpinnings of most of modern "respectable" economics - that economic agents act in "self-interest" to maximize payoffs - and therefore if "corruption" is a best response to the system, it cannot be really "corruption"]. Therefore, the dialectical logic applies, and makes "corruption = (NOT) corruption".
and similarly I cant make
INC = (NOT) Corrupt or INC = (NOT) Criminals
and I grant you, I cant also make
BJP = (NOT) Corrupt
This of course is slightly problematic. Perhaps the appropriate comparison would have been, in keeping with your earlier statements, "INC = (NOT) INC", "corrupt=(NOT) corrupt", "criminals = (NOT) criminals", and "BJP = (NOT) BJP".
In fact if we apply the logical line state above by me - that humans work in "self-interest" to maximize their payoffs from interactions with other humans [just a statement/hypothesis - plenty of debates exist about this], all of the above statements will be perfectly logical.
A corrupt person is after all only responding to the prevailing system, in the best possible strategy available to him/her to maximize his/her gains from the system. Apparently he is breaking some "rules" of the game, and this is the source of the khujli. But this hides two important aspects of reality.
(1) first that no rules can be formed from before to anticipate all possible breaking of "rules" or bypasses. That would ultimately accumulate so much material on the simplest of rules in clarifications, that those rules will become almost impossible to implement by humans or "comprehended" (the infamous obsession on our forum!)
A fine example of "covering all aspects of human activity" by "laws" - at least as far as economics is concerned - was the erstwhile centralized "planned economies" like that of USSR. [ironically the finest examples of dialectics themselves - being planned = (NOT)planned simultaneously] Ultimately the problem is that given most people most of the time do appear to work along "self-interest" modes - if not individually, at least as subcollections [family/clan/or other subidentities], such economic agents found out ways to maximize and bypass the extreme micro-management that evolved in order to keep up with the complexity of a large economy. If they could not bypass, they would ultimately have no "interest" in perpetuating the system itself. [I am not going into possible differentials of "interest" connected to perceptions of relative deprivation.]
This leads to the second problem
(2) if you tighten up the screws of the system so much so, that most people, or the "most productive" groups do not anymore have an "interest", or see any potential "interest", then they would reject, or bypass the entire system. This is the so-called problem of incentives.
(1)+(2) leads to a see-saw of balance of forces -between the state and economic agents. As part of the state, economic agents are in conflict with purely "economic" interests. Thus behind all these high-decibel talk about good "policy" pre-determing "good outcomes" or "negation of corruption", lies a very old real conflict which is being glossed over.
The fight is really between those economic agents who are the "strongest" in a given national economy [or international for that matter] and the existing "rules" of the game. Institutional "supposed" reform towards "eradication" of "corruption" always, always is undertaken as a compromise with the dominant economic power within the system.
People can look up one well-studied case of the judicial/anti-corruption movement that took place towards the end of the 18th century and early 19th century in UK. There are a sizable volume of research showing that primary concern for this "judicial activism" was directly concerned with protecting "private property" and "capital", a much needed concern of the slave-trade-profiteering set transformed into capitalist entrepreneurs and colonial financiers. Actually this judicial "activism" so much so concerned at "eradicating the evil" of greed etc, turned a heavy hand against popular franchise - which lagged behind this crusade against "corruption".
In order to gain political support for obtaining personal power, factions of the elite enlist popular [or less powerful segments of society but greater in numbers] support by raising issues of "corruption" among other things. Corruption is an easy catchword to strike a chord in the heart of the disempowered, because for the latter - it is the greed of the elite and their greater per-capita share of the social surplus that is a matter of utmost grievance. At the end of the process, the people might still not have obtained what they really hoped for - although it makes the career of this or that faction of the elite.
BR probably is most galling to the self-appointed "crusaders" against corruption as well as the claimants of sole credit for "economic reforms and growth" - is because he is ostensibly representing a segment of people not supposed to be directly claiming a share in the merry negotiations for "power" between factions of the "urban Left\centre" and politically "correct" elite. BR is bringing in non-urban, not-necessarily Left\Centre, not politically "correct" sections of the population - and thus threatens the monopoly over dissent that elite sekers of power hope to use.
The insistence and stress on "policy" reveals the underlying anxiety in the "mob" getting out of control, and target the bargains sought to be made in favour of "big capital" - for only "large scale" and "public servant induced" corruption is clamoured to be the target. The "anti-corruption" movement must gain the support of the people upto the right degree which the economic forces generating the movement require for their "self interest", but it must not gain independent power that could overthrow the gains from this bargaining itself.