Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

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Airavat
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Airavat »

Theo_Fidel wrote:WRT the Pandiya defeat, it is quite hard to swallow. The histories as very speculative on the causes other than the famous Pandiya hot headedness. I tend to think the choice of battle ground was very poor. They met on the dried river bed of the Kaveri. This meant that only a certain number could approach each other at a given time. The Padiya numbers could not be brought to bear fully on Kufur. The Histories mention the Pandiya Army was exhausted and ran out of water. A hot day on a river bed could exhaust you in 5 minutes. At which point many of the rear guard broke ranks.

Much of Kufurs men were Hindu mercenaries themselves. Kufur ruled using the entire set of pre-existing ruling classes.

If there is anything for us to learn it is that war is dangerous unpredictable business. Even with the entire population behind them the Pandiya army succumbed. When the Chola & Pandiyas stood together with their populations fully behind them they were invincible. Later rulers who disarmed the large majority population and tried to rule with just the elite communities armed found themselves hopelessly undermanned and easily brushed aside. There is a lesson in this for us in modern times too, especially for those who think only certain groups are required to make India work.
ManjaM wrote:Reading about Malik Kafurs victory against the Pandians made me wonder how a 16000 army managed to defeat a 1 lakh army......I guess what was new was the rules. The Muslims fought by their rules which was loot, pillage, rape and murder
Loot, pillage and murder came after the standing armies had been defeated on the battlefield. It was superior cavalry that made the difference, not just against the Pandyas, but against all the preceding Hindu kingdoms in the peninsula. The Pandyas had been importing horses from their ancient port of Kayal, but the supply was barely enough to match neighboring Hindu kingdoms in war, and they had no chance against the Delhi Sultanate troopers. Vijayanagar was bigger and richer, and could import horses in far greater numbers.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Singha »

question - the delhi rulers by virtue of a huge standing army managed to defeat and loot a lot of kingdoms all over the place.

where was this loot used ? there is not even any particular evidence of architectural activity - karnataka alone has numerous world heritage sites and ASI protected monuments. even a single distt like hassan has too many to cover in a month of touring.

the territory in and around delhi did not end up as rich, architecturally endowed, educated and well developed as many other places in india which were better ruled like old travancore state, mysore, baroda, indore etc.

so was this looted money all wasted in conspicuous consumption and paying all these standing armies and merceneries?
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by SwamyG »

Singha: Oh man, you stole my thoughts. I had that very question as I was explaining about Malik Kafur to SHQ. They used for armies, building few buildings/mosques and hoarded the loot in the personal vault. I assume Europeans in turn looted from these vaults.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

All the sultans, mughals and other other invaders were helped by our 'own' people. They were used as contract killers/looters by hindu kingdoms of south and north. Later angrez were used by princely states to settle scores. Half of the historical battles of india were just because one native king was not ok with his brother, father, cousin who to take revenge invited looters, pillagers and killers on contract and later gave away whole india.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

We have list of ambhis, jaichand rathod, ram singh, man singh, jai singhs, jagat seth and omichands, who for their petty gains invited foreigners or helped the foreign rulers to get a stronghold in india.

Situation is not different today. Our 'own' people are hell bent to weaken india from within including the polity.
Last edited by Murugan on 14 Aug 2011 08:56, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Yagnasri »

Islamic kingdoms normally lived on loot and war booty. So it must have spent on that.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

The machinery of loot was oiled by supported above mentioned traitors who were unfortunately our own people.

Silahadi Aligned with Babar
Mansingh went against Rana Pratap, (Akbar's reign)
Jaisingh went against Shivaji (Aurangzeb's reign)
Ram Singh against Lachit Barphukan. (Aurangzeb's reign)

Why only blame mughals and sultans
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by jambudvipa »

Singha wrote:question - the delhi rulers by virtue of a huge standing army managed to defeat and loot a lot of kingdoms all over the place.

where was this loot used ? there is not even any particular evidence of architectural activity - karnataka alone has numerous world heritage sites and ASI protected monuments. even a single distt like hassan has too many to cover in a month of touring.

the territory in and around delhi did not end up as rich, architecturally endowed, educated and well developed as many other places in india which were better ruled like old travancore state, mysore, baroda, indore etc.

so was this looted money all wasted in conspicuous consumption and paying all these standing armies and merceneries?

The payment to the standing armies itself took up a large amount of their loot. eg Alaudin Khilji had a standing army of 4,75,000 at any point of time.Barani estimates that the treasury would run empty in about 4-6 years just by paying their salaries.Maintaining impoted turksih/persian cavalry men was an expensive bussiness,each rider had at least 6-10 slaves/ghulams.
Alaudin had to resort to "visionary" price control measures where the commodity prices were kept exploitatively low.In turn the soldiers salaries were kept low as well.But this broke the Hindu peasents and merchants backs.
Sultans going broke and being unable to pay their soldiers was not unheard of.Usually used to end in the sultan's head being hung somewhere in delhi or the rebels trampled under the feet of elephants.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Airavat »

Murugan wrote:All the sultans, mughals and other other invaders were helped by our 'own' people. They were used as contract killers/looters by hindu kingdoms of south and north.
However that goes against the aims of the proper Islamic state, in which the whole population has to follow Islam, while the non-Muslims are burdened financially (jaziya, pilgrimage tax) and socially (cannot ride horses, bear arms, and must give way to muslims on the roads). Therefore the Mughal empire was not an Islamic state in the true sense, and when Aurangzeb strove to make it one, he first had to wage war against Hindu kingdoms in the north.

Similarly in the south Shivaji's father and grandfather served under the Deccan sultans, invading Carnatic on their behalf, and hence built up their military strength and left behind a large principality with several forts. Without this base, Shivaji would not have been able to build a large kingdom in Maharashtra.
Singha wrote:question - the delhi rulers by virtue of a huge standing army managed to defeat and loot a lot of kingdoms all over the place.

where was this loot used ?
The loot went into mosques and palaces, whose ruins are found in the "seven cities of Delhi". Apart from waging war against Hindu kingdoms the sultanates fought bloody wars of succession in the reign of every single ruler, because Islamic political theory does not recognize primogeniture. The rest was hoarded, and could fall prey to foreign invaders, like Nadir Shah who carried off the peacock throne of the Mughals.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

How the descendants of sultans and mughals disappeared into oblivion? No heir exists today (?) unlike descendants of kings who fought them.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate. what the custom of dividing state/estate into equal part and distributed to siblings is called?
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Rahul M »

there are many descendants of the mughals and tipu sultan's relatives in kolkata where they were settled by the british. most are ricksaw pullers. they might not have direct descendants though. those families had lots of princes and princesses most of whom lived on the charity of the important ones.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by ramana »

In about a hundred and fifty years after Aibek took Delhi, the Sultans managed to bankrupt North India and had to attack South. It was the wealth of Deogiri that attracted Allauddin Khilji.

Murugan, I met a descendant of Tippu Sultan on his daughter's side. His family was hidden in Hyderabad and only after Independence they were told their origins. His father was a Colonel in the Hyderabad State Forces but even that was no protection. He is now no more. A very proud Indian. RIP.
Also sometime back Bahadur Shah Zafar's great great great granddaughter spoke up an asked forgiveness for the bad that some Mughals did.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

The descendants of Rajput/maratha kings are doing well though. they have built-up business, and have preserved the heritage well, have earned good name and fame in the society. what could be the reasons.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by manum »

Murugan wrote:We have list of ambhis, jaichand rathod, ram singh, man singh, jai singhs, jagat seth and omichands, who for their petty gains invited foreigners or helped the foreign rulers to get a stronghold in india.

Situation is not different today. Our 'own' people are hell bent to weaken india from within including the polity.
That we'll always have...Akbar defeated Hemu by a lucky shot through his eye...and then Hemu was given away by his own Mahavat, This happened when Akbar was too weak and was only 13, helped by his loyalists...

We all know the story of Prithviraj Chauhan...

But These mughals were anyways extremists only considered Islam as a most superior religion...Akbar later started dressing and living like a Hindu king, for which he was criticized...he even turned vegetarian. This is all I am saying from a book which collected all his letters to Shazada Saleem of why he did few things...

As per Maharana Pratap was concerned...Mewad fort was highly fortified, and when akbar laid seize on the fort, Uday singh left the fort leaving it on his leader of Army....and after many days of digging trenches around the Mewad fort...he got killed in lucky sniper shot of that time...
though the Mewad fort was very well supplemented the whole resistance ended with the death of leader of the Army...Uday singh and Mharana Pratap never did surrender, which was last straw in getting complete authority of Mewad...

Everytime we lost because we always laid responsibility on one person to take our cause forward...and when we lost that person we lost everything just like that...

But still after everything happened...we were in Mughal's empire for centuries and then british...when India got freed we were more than 80% still Hindu's...

so when we gave something which was material...our souls remained intact...We are tongue between 32 teeth, we'll be bitten...but outlast them...
Where are Mughals now anyways...a civilization which lasted 1000 years?
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

ramana wrote: Murugan, I met a descendant of Tippu Sultan on his daughter's side. His family was hidden in Hyderabad and only after Independence they were told their origins. His father was a Colonel in the Hyderabad State Forces but even that was no protection. He is now no more. A very proud Indian. RIP.
Also sometime back Bahadur Shah Zafar's great great great granddaughter spoke up an asked forgiveness for the bad that some Mughals did.
Heart warming!
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Airavat »

In most Hindu kingdoms primogeniture was the law, the other siblings were appointed to serve the state as generals or provincial governors, or simply alloted estates for their sustenance.

In Muslim kingdoms the one who captured the throne had to slaughter all other contenders to the throne.
Murugan wrote:How the descendants of sultans and mughals disappeared into oblivion? No heir exists today (?) unlike descendants of kings who fought them.
After the death of Aurangzeb power passed into the hands of the nobles and the mughal emperor was a non-entity. There was no need to slaughter other family members now and they just multiplied in numbers.....some were pulled out of obscurity to be placed on the throne, only to be replaced a few years later.
Murugan wrote:The descendants of Rajput/maratha kings are doing well though. they have built-up business, and have preserved the heritage well, have earned good name and fame in the society. what could be the reasons.
These were long standing dynasties with strong ties to the people of the area where they ruled.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

Did mughal emperors changed their faiths shia - sunni - shia for political reasons
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

How the loots were used, example
Invasion of India

In 1738, Nader Shah conquered Kandahar, the last outpost of the Hotaki dynasty. His thoughts now turned to the Mughul Empire of India. This once powerful Muslim state was falling apart as the nobles became increasingly disobedient and the Hindu Marathas made inroads on its territory from the south-west. Its ruler Muhammad Shah was powerless to reverse this disintegration. Nader asked for Afghan rebels to be handed over, but Mughal emperor refused. Nader used the pretext of his Afghan enemies taking refuge in India to cross the border and capture Ghazni, Kabul, Peshawar, Sindh and Lahore. He then advanced deeper into India crossing the river Indus before the end of year.


Afsharid forces negotiate with a Mughal Nawab.
He defeated the Mughal army at the huge Battle of Karnal in February, 1739. After this victory, Nader captured Mohammad Shah and entered with him into Delhi.[10] When a rumour broke out that Nader had been assassinated, some of the Indians attacked and killed Persian troops. Nader reacted by ordering his soldiers to plunder the city. During the course of one day (March 22) 20,000 to 30,000 Indians were killed by the Persian troops, forcing Mohammad Shah to beg for mercy.[24]
In response, Nader Shah agreed to withdraw, but Mohammad Shah paid the consequence in handing over the keys of his royal treasury, and losing even the Peacock Throne to the Persian emperor. The Peacock Throne thereafter served as a symbol of Persian imperial might. Among a trove of other fabulous jewels, Nader also gained the Koh-i-Noor and Darya-ye Noor diamonds (Koh-i-Noor means "Mountain of Light" in Persian, Darya-ye Noor means "Sea of Light"). The Persian troops left Delhi at the beginning of May 1739. Nader's soldiers also took with them thousands of elephants, horses and camels, loaded with the booty they had collected. The plunder seized from India was so rich that Nader stopped taxation in Iran for a period of three years following his return.[25]
and how part of it returned
With the wealth he gained, Nader started to build a Persian navy. With lumber from Mazandaran, he built ships in Bushehr. He also purchased thirty ships in India.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nader_Shah
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Murugan »

Why sikhs did not help marathas in Panipat. Instead one ruler of Patiala aligned with Abdali :-?
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Singha »

eg Alaudin Khilji had a standing army of 4,75,000 at any point of time.Barani estimates that the treasury would run empty in about 4-6 years just by paying their salaries.Maintaining impoted turksih/persian cavalry men was an expensive bussiness,each rider had at least 6-10 slaves/ghulams.

thats a pretty frightening army in size and logisitcal tail for that era. definitely one of the larger standing armies in history. with the need to keep importing these mercenary and auxiliary soldiers, horses and keep them fed and happy, delhi treasury must have needed a steady supply of loot, heavy taxes, share of crops and tribute to keep going and the place itself resembled more a military camp than a trading city or center of culture.

pakistan has gone a step further and evolved into the ultimate incarnation of this economic "model" - a armed camp kabila stretching along the Indus for 2000km :shock: a military machine that needs to feed on 85% of state resources to keep going...the monster needing its regular feed or the heads of the ruling elites would be hanging from the trees.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Singha »

seems like 100s of Indic dynasties in MH, Guj, MP, Uttaranchal, Punj and Rajasthan have converted old havelis , hunting lodges and palaces into hotels - most of the young generation are well respected and have got a good education and went into politics, service and business. their lineages live on.

mughals ending up as rickshaw pullers in kolkata is news to me.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Lalmohan »

there were many children from the harem and their relatives who were technically mughals, but even in bahadur shah's time lived in poverty within the red fort, its mostly these people who have been scattered. the direct male bloodline was forcibly terminated by the british through an encounter killing just after the fall of delhi in 1858. the female direct line i think recently passed away
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by partha »

From the Nader Shah wiki link posted above:
Nader's Indian campaign alerted the British East India Company to the extreme weakness of the Mughal Empire and the possibility of expanding to fill the power vacuum. Without Nader, "eventual British [in India] would have come later and in a different form, perhaps never at all - with important global effects"
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by manum »

portuguese were present in goa in times of Akbar...and present means...they were in total control of it...they had presence in gujarat ports and they probably already had what is called Mumbai today...which they gave away as a dowry to british later...

So its not as simple as Nader shah...There was already a sea route dominance war was on between british portuguese and french...Portuguese even tried to convert saleem to christianity....

There was lot more going on with land of gold...

It was our fate of one ruler after another...and each civilization which took over aggressive route diminished by other...

It can only happen in India where ashoka will return all the kingdom he won...is there any instance of such an act?
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Yagnasri »

As for as traitor almost every civilisation had them. May be not much in republican Rome. Take Saprta - When Lionidas was for fighting his famous battle with Persians the Second Kings of Sparta was with Persians. Many Greek kings and leaders aided Persians during their invasions of Greek. So traitors are there every where because the bad people are every where.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by manum »

Traitors are not bad people...its when era ends and history is written...things get painted one way or other...

Take for example Kushwant singh's father identified Batukeshwar dutt to british as one who threw bomb in assembly...

I dont know what were circumstances then...but whole India cant be Batukeshwar dutt, there will be few of us who are weaker...less motivated, but still we fail to understand...Being a punjabi, kshatriya, brahmin, rajpoot, Indian takes a back sheet...when you know the ruler of the nation is British or Mughal...and its been forever...

How far we think...a life time? Today we have that info...then there wasnt so much wisdom....

We did well to live another day...Even god favours larger army...

http://post.jagran.com/punjab-group-war ... 1311512180
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Advait »

@manum , after reading that news, all I can say is just wow. Never thought our traitors would have the gall to glorify the man responsible for the death of one of the most popular freedom fighters. Signing praises of the Afghan and British looters was not enough. Which votebank is INC trying to appease with this move?
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by SwamyG »

Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter has a good section on what was consider a war loot. Wars involve coveting the resources of the losers. At some point in time all rulers had to do that, if they were ambitious. This book highlights some differences between Hindu and Muslim looting. It is only a preview so good only for casual reading.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by manum »

actually Manmohan singh did not remember him as a traitor because Khushwant singh helped him in his early days and they have so much of mutual respect that...They forgot that Bhagat singh and Batukeshwar dutt was identified by this man's father...

Sobha singh owned cannught place of delhi and many high places.

This man Sobha singh at a point of time owned half of delhi...though I am not gonna say if it was gift of British, but all the charity he did or intended to do...that black mark will remain and this act will go down with the names of many Man singh's...

Have you ever seen a mother naming her son's Man singh, Jai chand, Duryodhan, shakuni...sobha singh is one of those names...though it might the man who was at wrong place at wrong time...fate you see...

Its his fate is to be called a traitor, not a bad man, but a weak man for sure...
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Yagnasri »

Man Mohan himselfs feels that Brithish rule was a great thing to happen to India. Remember his speach in UK few years back. So he might even thought that Shoba Singh did a great thing. A person who has no quams to sheild traitors of today will not think twice to name a traitors name to a place.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by manum »

when we have no memory of what it was to be ruled by invaders...what torment it would be, when generations of us were constantly ruled by foreigners. What would be the mindset, I think it was our religion...the Krishna and Ram and those perpetual stories of the glory kept us alive and living. These stories were like a day dream a drug through which you can escape a hard reality and survive.

British rule was good for us?....Manmohan singh can say that because still millions of Indians are below poverty line, and roads still are be made...There are government hospitals which are better place to die than go for treatment...
I am sure he would find british rule a blessing in disguise...first these people who are ruling us have to make our nation better than what it was during British Rule...

India is run by entrepreneurs, Government is too late to recognize even the need. India is run by many of us who survived waves after waves of invaders. Manmohan singh as a Prime Minister has no right to call a rule better, actually its a shame to be Prime minister and call another Rule as better...
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by vishvak »

Hello there,

My 2 cents here. One of the most important reasons why invaders could come and win was because Hindus were too chivalrous. Hindus could fight 'fair against invaders' and retire by night, or 'pardon the invaders' while invaders could 'feign civility by equating themselves with natives'.

In other words, invaders by themselves are not civilized when invading. Hindu kings considered them so, and thus fought on instead of guerrilla warfare /"गमिनि कव " Shivaji style.

If you look at Shivaji-Afzal conference, Afzal came in to invade, loot and pillage while feigning civility as if it made any sense. Shivaji trapped and killed him, and stupid people are debating if Shivaji was in the wrong while 'cheating the invader'.

Cheating and uprooting an uncivilized like an invader feigning civility is civilized. We have numerous examples and we should be proud of it.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Paul »

In other words, invaders by themselves are not civilized when invading. Hindu kings considered them so, and thus fought on instead of guerrilla warfare /"गमिनि कव " Shivaji style.

If you look at Shivaji-Afzal conference, Afzal came in to invade, loot and pillage while feigning civility as if it made any sense. Shivaji trapped and killed him, and stupid people are debating if Shivaji was in the wrong while 'cheating the invader'.
Shivaji represents the III rd generation of Indian opposition to Islamaic invasion. His father served the couurt of the Deccani kings and had opportunity to closely observe Islamic tactics inspired by Quranic concept of war and evolve countermeasures. This is in direct contrast to Rana Hamir's tactics vis a vis Khilji.

Shivaji-Afzal Khan debate is an artificial debate to diver attention from real issues...it is our fault to fall for this yarn.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Paul »

Murugan wrote:How the descendants of sultans and mughals disappeared into oblivion? No heir exists today (?) unlike descendants of kings who fought them.
Mughal tactics were not as sophisticated, well planned and thoroughly executed like the Brits....All the 563 rajwadas of British India were cockroaches having Phds in Butt kissing (Witness the Scindias whose descendents are leaders on the left and right, their ancestors fought for the Brits but they get the privilege of garlanding Lakshmi Bai's statue in Jhansi. ).

Tatya Pope, Nana Phadnavis, or other rulers who fought the Brits had to leave India and migrate to other countries.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Airavat »

Paul wrote:Shivaji represents the III rd generation of Indian opposition to Islamaic invasion. His father served the couurt of the Deccani kings and had opportunity to closely observe Islamic tactics inspired by Quranic concept of war and evolve countermeasures. This is in direct contrast to Rana Hamir's tactics vis a vis Khilji.
That would be Rawal Ratan Singh. Rana Hamir was the one who defeated the Turks and liberated Chittor fort. And guerrilla warfare was very common much before Shivaji........the Hindu revival and the fall of the Delhi Sultanate's power in Rajasthan was a classic example of guerrilla warfare by the Rajput clans in the period 1314-1380.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Paul »

classic example of guerrilla warfare by the Rajput clans in the period 1314-1380.
Airavat, I never said Shivaji was the initiator of guerilla warfare in India against the Islamist forces...even Rana Pratap as I recall resorted to guerilla warfare ( quite successful at that too) after Haldighati.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by vishvak »

Hello,

Shivaji-Afzal's conference is an one example.

The point is why did Hindus not see that invaders are not civilized and behaving with the invaders, aka Ghori whose was spared 17 times only so that he could com- back-win-loot&pillage, well is clearcut foolishness, not chivalry.

That Hindu kings behaved well with invaders is a basic flaw of Hindu chivalry is the point. Vasudeiva of 'Vasudeaiva Kutumbakam' does not include invaders, pillagers, cheaters, etc. Hindus were naive to buy the idea and when the king is naive, everyone has to pay.

That Hindus bought the idea of 'Vasudeiva includes all' is also where Hindus forgot a lesson of Bhagawada Gita. It does include all who are responsible, according to me, and I am not sure if there exist a nomenclature for irresponsible.

I would also like to point out that Hindu kings did meet Alex the Great pillager 'in the battle', Puru did not engage him in गमिनि कव, is not understood except that perhaps Puru bought his 'son of God' self-grandiosity as the first psychological defeat. If Indians want to 'meet invaders in battle' than there is something very wrong in psychology. Why not just tire them up, break their logistics, loot the invaders and annihilate :?:

Indians on the other hand behave as if Indians are invading others even when it is others who come feign civility :!: It escapes my mind why would India army, even now, want to meet invaders in battles? The idea is self-contradictory. I would say, in my infinitesimally tiny wisdom, that it is much more efficient and 'morally correct' to 'गमिनि कव' the invaders rather than put up display of 'chivalry for invaders'(??) and give the uncivilized some credibility. Does the term 'enemy' include invaders too because it is where perhaps U.N. has bought the inclusion of invaders into nomenclature.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by manum »

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a ... epage=true
Digitalised records with the Supreme Court reveal some inspiring facets of the revolutionary. Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt offered themselves for arrest after throwing harmless bombs in the Central Assembly to 'make the deaf hear.' Their case drew worldwide attention.
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Re: Historical Battles in Ancient & Medieval Bharat

Post by Airavat »

vishvak wrote:aka Ghori whose was spared 17 times
Complete myth. Ghori was defeated only in the First Battle of Tarain, not seventeen times, and forget about being captured and pardoned each of those 17 times (no one who claims any interest in military history can believe such an outlandish story) , he escaped with a substantial portion of his cavalry even in that one battle. Ghori had similarly withdrawn most of his army after his defeat by the Solanki Rajputs of Gujarat. The simple reason being that foreign horses were superior to Indian horses, and that equation did not change till artillery and disciplined infantry became the main tools of war after the 16th century.
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