SSridhar, Ajay Lele of IDSA has written a 131 page book "Mission Mars: India's quest for the Red Planet" published by Springer Verlag. Its a full blown account of the whole project.
Odd thing is he credits a November Launch!!!
Indian Space Programme Discussion
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Why is ISRO's Mars mission the cheapest.
The Indian space agency's Mars Mission, launching next week, is the cheapest by any nation to the red planet. And there are attributes unique to ISRO that enable it to practise frugal engineering at the cutting edge time and again.
To understand the spirit of India's Mars mission, it is useful to look first at the country's moon mission in 2008.
The Chandrayaan-I project, as it is known, was announced in 2003, by the then-prime minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, in 2003. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had partners, the Europeans and Americans, who had their own experiments to fly in Chandrayaan. Some of them were puzzled by ISRO's style of working. They were just 18 months away from the launch date, and ISRO was only beginning to cut metal. One of the foreign partners had then asked ISRO managers: "Are you serious?"
The spacecraft flew as planned in November 2008, operated for 312 days, and achieved most of its objectives. ISRO's partners, pleased that their instruments were working fine, tacitly acknowledged the value of the organisation's minimalist approach. "The told us after the launch," says M Annadurai, project manager of Chandrayaan, "that this was the Indian style of working". It was a tested method in ISRO, perfected over decades, and it is now being used to maximum effect in Mangalyaan: save time, money and human efforts through careful planning.
You could call it frugal engineering applied to space. Mangalyaan was formally approved only in August 2012, and ISRO had started work on the structure three months before the formal approval. The satellite was finished this August.
NASA's MAVEN, a Mars mission nearly identical to Mangalyaan and to be flown on November 18, had taken at least five years of work and $679 million in costs. If the Mangalyaan launch is successful, ISRO would have done it in 18 months, with $69 million. "Our speed of execution and low costs are the result of careful planning," says Annadurai.
When ISRO was set up in the 1960s, moon and Mars missions were not on the agenda, even in the faraway future. "We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight," its founder Vikram Sarabhai had famously said. Space technology was purely for the benefit of the society.
With such clear objectives, and working in a period when India was very poor, ISRO's leaders developed a style that produced maximum benefits with the minimum of effort.
"Frugal engineering comes naturally to Indians," says National Research Professor RA Mashelkar, "which is why India delivers more than any other country per dollar of R&D investment." Mashelkar, along with management theorist CK Prahlad, wrote a landmark paper on frugal engineering in the Harvard Business Review three years ago.
According to Mashelkar, Indians learned this technique because of the environment. "Indians grow up in scarcity, but also have high aspirations. These two conditions create a powerful combination," he says. ISRO's ambitions were high, but money was scarce.
So, for two decades, ISRO created some of the best examples of frugal engineering in India.
In the 21st century, when the world tries hard for low-cost access to space, other nations are looking at ISRO with interest and trying to use some of the principles it had perfected. ISRO is also becoming an important collaborator for NASA and Europe.
ISRO's engineering now revolves around a few core principles: adapt technology as much as possible, minimise the number of physical models, optimise on testing, and work round the clock. Adaptation is an old method that has now been perfected to an art in ISRO. As in many Indian products, ISRO uses technology in unusual ways not always directly evident to developed country engineers.
In 1981, when India launched its first major satellite called APPLE, it used a motor from its untested rocket called Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). This rocket had only one launch—that too failed—before APPLE went up on an Ariane rocket, but the adaptation was successful.
In space engineering, where conditions are tough and costs of failure high, it is not easy to adapt technology. It also involves more risk, but ISRO is willing to take—and manage— that risk. "Traditional ways take a long time and for ISRO time is of essence," says Alok Chatterjee, project engineer at Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA. "So, its approach is an innovative way to do space missions."
Chatterjee is a former ISRO employee who had been working with NASA for 28 years, and had collaborated with his former employer on the Chandrayaan.
For Mangalyaan, the major adaptation was on using the PSLV rocket. ISRO had been making changes to this rocket for two decades. In recent times, it has miniaturised the avionics, and built its own chip and onboard computer. "For us, a pedigree is necessary," says ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan, "and we make changes when necessary." The capability of the PSLV has changed over the years, now resulting in three classes of rockets. And yet, using it for a trip to Mars was quite an adaptation and involved risk.
The Indian space agency’s Mars Mission, launching next week, is the cheapest by any nation to the red planet.
ISRO has been taking calculated risks for a long time. When it used the apogee motor from SLV-3 for APPLE, it was not an optimal choice available and the rocket was not even ready. However, even in those days, the organisation used to think up novel ways to use technology effectively. This practice has only strengthened with time. "In ISRO, technology has multiple uses," says YS Rajan, honorary distinguished professor of ISRO. "One programme feeds into the other." No other agency has used such a small rocket like PSLV for an interplanetary mission. Rather than reducing complexity, it had made the launch manoeuvres more complex.
The second innovation in Mangalyaan, also involving risk, was to make only one physical model of the spacecraft. ISRO had done it in Chandrayaan and then brought this experience to Mangalyaan. NASA and the European Space Agency usually make three physical models iteratively. ISRO did everything in software and then made the final model that flew. It is not that others did not use software, but ISRO made a decision to put it to full use. "We are not using the full power of software if we make three models," says Annadurai. Doing away with two physical models was an important factor, if not the most important, in speeding up the development of the spacecraft.
Other factors helped too. Testing was optimised as much as possible, and this saved costs and speeded up the development process. "Testing is expensive," says Radhakrishnan, "and we try to get the maximum information from each test." ISRO engineers worked round the clock, often in shifts, when the satellite was being made.
ISRO made aggressive schedules that were nearly always sacrosanct. "ISRO is one of the few organisations in India that is driven by schedules," says Rajan. These principles— technology adaptation and aggressive scheduling— reduced the freedom of its engineers to try completely new things. "We do not allow someone to build a completely new rocket," says Radhakrishnan. It is the price ISRO has paid for increased speed and efficiency. Reducing cost and speeding up work are now key goals of all space organisations. NASA achieves this through competition.
Instead of one large organisation driving programmes centrally, it creates parallel teams that compete against each other for key projects. This change was made in the 1990s and made NASA more efficient. However, NASA is a conservative organisation that often builds completely new technologies, and so it may not take the course that ISRO has.
ISRO has new technologies too. In the long run, how ISRO balances new technology development with adaptation could determine its success. Chandrayaan-II would go up in a few years. ISRO would get more ambitious with Mars if Mangalyaan is successful.
The Indian space agency's Mars Mission, launching next week, is the cheapest by any nation to the red planet. And there are attributes unique to ISRO that enable it to practise frugal engineering at the cutting edge time and again.
To understand the spirit of India's Mars mission, it is useful to look first at the country's moon mission in 2008.
The Chandrayaan-I project, as it is known, was announced in 2003, by the then-prime minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, in 2003. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had partners, the Europeans and Americans, who had their own experiments to fly in Chandrayaan. Some of them were puzzled by ISRO's style of working. They were just 18 months away from the launch date, and ISRO was only beginning to cut metal. One of the foreign partners had then asked ISRO managers: "Are you serious?"
The spacecraft flew as planned in November 2008, operated for 312 days, and achieved most of its objectives. ISRO's partners, pleased that their instruments were working fine, tacitly acknowledged the value of the organisation's minimalist approach. "The told us after the launch," says M Annadurai, project manager of Chandrayaan, "that this was the Indian style of working". It was a tested method in ISRO, perfected over decades, and it is now being used to maximum effect in Mangalyaan: save time, money and human efforts through careful planning.
You could call it frugal engineering applied to space. Mangalyaan was formally approved only in August 2012, and ISRO had started work on the structure three months before the formal approval. The satellite was finished this August.
NASA's MAVEN, a Mars mission nearly identical to Mangalyaan and to be flown on November 18, had taken at least five years of work and $679 million in costs. If the Mangalyaan launch is successful, ISRO would have done it in 18 months, with $69 million. "Our speed of execution and low costs are the result of careful planning," says Annadurai.
When ISRO was set up in the 1960s, moon and Mars missions were not on the agenda, even in the faraway future. "We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight," its founder Vikram Sarabhai had famously said. Space technology was purely for the benefit of the society.
With such clear objectives, and working in a period when India was very poor, ISRO's leaders developed a style that produced maximum benefits with the minimum of effort.
"Frugal engineering comes naturally to Indians," says National Research Professor RA Mashelkar, "which is why India delivers more than any other country per dollar of R&D investment." Mashelkar, along with management theorist CK Prahlad, wrote a landmark paper on frugal engineering in the Harvard Business Review three years ago.
According to Mashelkar, Indians learned this technique because of the environment. "Indians grow up in scarcity, but also have high aspirations. These two conditions create a powerful combination," he says. ISRO's ambitions were high, but money was scarce.
So, for two decades, ISRO created some of the best examples of frugal engineering in India.
In the 21st century, when the world tries hard for low-cost access to space, other nations are looking at ISRO with interest and trying to use some of the principles it had perfected. ISRO is also becoming an important collaborator for NASA and Europe.
ISRO's engineering now revolves around a few core principles: adapt technology as much as possible, minimise the number of physical models, optimise on testing, and work round the clock. Adaptation is an old method that has now been perfected to an art in ISRO. As in many Indian products, ISRO uses technology in unusual ways not always directly evident to developed country engineers.
In 1981, when India launched its first major satellite called APPLE, it used a motor from its untested rocket called Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). This rocket had only one launch—that too failed—before APPLE went up on an Ariane rocket, but the adaptation was successful.
In space engineering, where conditions are tough and costs of failure high, it is not easy to adapt technology. It also involves more risk, but ISRO is willing to take—and manage— that risk. "Traditional ways take a long time and for ISRO time is of essence," says Alok Chatterjee, project engineer at Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA. "So, its approach is an innovative way to do space missions."
Chatterjee is a former ISRO employee who had been working with NASA for 28 years, and had collaborated with his former employer on the Chandrayaan.
For Mangalyaan, the major adaptation was on using the PSLV rocket. ISRO had been making changes to this rocket for two decades. In recent times, it has miniaturised the avionics, and built its own chip and onboard computer. "For us, a pedigree is necessary," says ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan, "and we make changes when necessary." The capability of the PSLV has changed over the years, now resulting in three classes of rockets. And yet, using it for a trip to Mars was quite an adaptation and involved risk.
The Indian space agency’s Mars Mission, launching next week, is the cheapest by any nation to the red planet.
ISRO has been taking calculated risks for a long time. When it used the apogee motor from SLV-3 for APPLE, it was not an optimal choice available and the rocket was not even ready. However, even in those days, the organisation used to think up novel ways to use technology effectively. This practice has only strengthened with time. "In ISRO, technology has multiple uses," says YS Rajan, honorary distinguished professor of ISRO. "One programme feeds into the other." No other agency has used such a small rocket like PSLV for an interplanetary mission. Rather than reducing complexity, it had made the launch manoeuvres more complex.
The second innovation in Mangalyaan, also involving risk, was to make only one physical model of the spacecraft. ISRO had done it in Chandrayaan and then brought this experience to Mangalyaan. NASA and the European Space Agency usually make three physical models iteratively. ISRO did everything in software and then made the final model that flew. It is not that others did not use software, but ISRO made a decision to put it to full use. "We are not using the full power of software if we make three models," says Annadurai. Doing away with two physical models was an important factor, if not the most important, in speeding up the development of the spacecraft.
Other factors helped too. Testing was optimised as much as possible, and this saved costs and speeded up the development process. "Testing is expensive," says Radhakrishnan, "and we try to get the maximum information from each test." ISRO engineers worked round the clock, often in shifts, when the satellite was being made.
ISRO made aggressive schedules that were nearly always sacrosanct. "ISRO is one of the few organisations in India that is driven by schedules," says Rajan. These principles— technology adaptation and aggressive scheduling— reduced the freedom of its engineers to try completely new things. "We do not allow someone to build a completely new rocket," says Radhakrishnan. It is the price ISRO has paid for increased speed and efficiency. Reducing cost and speeding up work are now key goals of all space organisations. NASA achieves this through competition.
Instead of one large organisation driving programmes centrally, it creates parallel teams that compete against each other for key projects. This change was made in the 1990s and made NASA more efficient. However, NASA is a conservative organisation that often builds completely new technologies, and so it may not take the course that ISRO has.
ISRO has new technologies too. In the long run, how ISRO balances new technology development with adaptation could determine its success. Chandrayaan-II would go up in a few years. ISRO would get more ambitious with Mars if Mangalyaan is successful.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
The use of a highly elliptic orbit around Mars allows the use of less expensive PSLV version sued for the moon probe.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Another shot at GSLV with indigenous cryogenic engines - Dinesh Varma, The Hindu
The Indian Space Research Organisation will have another shot at its indigenous cryogenic upper stage Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) programme, the GSLV D5 mission on December 15, after its previous attempt in August was aborted following a fuel leak, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan said on Wednesday.
“The stacking of the GSLV for the next flight has begun,” he told reporters here. According to him, the timely detection of the leak in the second stage and the immediate measures taken thereafter helped salvage the vehicle, cryogenic engine, range facilities and the satellite encapsulated in the heat shield.
The strap-on boosters and some of the electronic components that were exposed to propellants have been replaced. Three of the strap-ons were already in place and the fourth was expected to arrive at the assembly unit in a day, he added.
Mr. Radhakrishnan said while the expert committee had attributed the fuel leak to stress corrosion cracking of the tank filled with propellants, exactly why this happened was “a research problem” that remains to be investigated. The next GSLV mission will switch to a better aluminium alloy material for its propellant tanks.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Ramana, thanks. Will take a look.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
ISRO gears up for Mars Mission on Nov. 5 - Dinesh Varma, The Hindu
On Thursday, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will initiate a dry run of the Mars Orbital Mission on board the PSLV C25 that is scheduled for lift-off from the spaceport here on November 5.
The dry run will simulate the entire command sequence of the eight-and-a-half hours of the countdown, leading to the lift-off, barely six days before the PSLV rocket actually zooms away into space on what ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan called “the most cost-effective mission” to showcase Indian capability to reach and orbit around the red planet.
“Mars exploration opportunities come once every 26 months … we have put together the best resources available in India as of now because missing the November 5 date would mean having a look at 2016-18 for the country’s first interplanetary mission,” Dr. Radhakrishnan told a group of journalists invited to survey the ISRO’s launch preparedness.
There have been only 51 missions to Mars, predominantly by the U.S., Russia and the European Union consortium, and the success rate has been under 50 per cent. India has made bold an attempt to “engage in meaningful scientific experiments” on a relatively modest budget of about Rs. 450 crore.
The stage has been set at Launchpad 1 in Sriharikota, where all the subsystems of the Mars mission have been fully integrated with the PSLV C25, which will be on its silver jubilee flight after achieving a remarkable success rate of 96 per cent. The mass at lift-off is 1,340 kg.
“The launch rehearsal will simulate the entire procedure of the final eight hours of the countdown, right up to the ignition, after which the system will be shut down,” said P. Kunhikrishnan, the PSLV C 25 Mission Director.
The dry run will demonstrate mission-readiness and on November 1 the Launch Authorisation Board will take the final call on initiating the 56 hours and 30 minutes long countdown, due to start ticking two days later, leading to lift-off at 2.38pm on November 5. Mr. Radhakrishnan said the mission had the scope for course correction at three stages — when the satellite leaves earth and enters Mars’ sphere of influence, a heliocentric middle phase that lasts 300 days and when the satellite is inserted into Martian orbit.
The XL variant of the four-stage PSLV — second and fourth featuring liquid propellants — has been designed to first inject the spacecraft into an elliptical path around the earth in a geocentric phase, then a heliocentric phase, where the flight path is roughly one half an ellipse around the sun.
One of the unique features of the mission arises from the larger ‘Argument of Perigee’ in transferring the orbiter from the earth’s orbit to that of Mars. “Unlike previous missions, this one will have fairly long flight regime of 43 minutes in respect of this,” Mr. Radhakrishnan said.
The spacecraft would intersect the orbit of Mars almost simultaneously. According to scientists, such a rare trajectory — that occurs when the Earth, Mars and the Sun form an angle of 44 degrees — can offer substantial minimum energy opportunities and occur only at intervals of about 780 days, with the next window possible in January 2016 and then in May 2018.
On December 1, the satellite would be injected into trans-Martian orbit and begin a long cruise of 300 days. The ISRO will also depend on antennae-mounted ships Nalanda and Yamuna to track the spacecraft’s trajectory from locations on the South Pacific Ocean, when ground stations would briefly lose signal from the spacecraft for about 10 minutes after the fourth stage propulsion, burnout and separation of the satellite.
The insertion into Martian orbit is expected on September 24, 2014. “Once we inject the satellite into Martian orbit the ISRO will go in for scientific observations that include investigating the Martian atmosphere for traces of methane to determine signs of life,” Mr. Radhakrishnan said.
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
'Lucky peanuts' wish from Nasa to Isro on Mars mission
BANGALORE: It is a "lucky peanuts" wish from the Nasa to Indian Space Research Organization on its ambitious mission to Mars.
As the Isro geared up for the Mars Orbit Mission (MOM) " Mangalyaan", Nasa wished the Indian space agency with "lucky peanuts" on its Facebook page, for the MOM scheduled for launch on November 5 from Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota.
The good wishes message titled "lucky peanuts" was posted on the Isro's recently created MOM Facebook page on Thursday by Nasa's Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL).
"As you prepare for your launch to Mars, do not forget one of the few, but important action: pass around the peanuts!" a post by JPL on Isro's MOM Facebook page read.
The American Nasa/JPL is also providing communications and navigation support to this mission to the red planet with their deep space network facilities.
Illustrating the tradition of peanuts for Mars Mission at JPL, the post read: "It goes back to the 1960s with the very first missions we sent to the moon. We had seven mission attempts to go the moon before we succeeded, and on the seventh one, they had passed out peanuts in the control room."
"Ranger 7, which in July 1964 became the first US space probe to successfully transmit close images of the moon's surface back to the earth, made the peanuts into a tradition at JPL," it added.
Stating that ever since, it has been a long standing tradition to hand out peanuts "whenever we launch and whenever we do anything important like land on Mars", the post by JPL read: "We use all the luck we can get!"
Giving away another traditional secret to Isro, followed during the launch that has proved lucky to Nasa, the post said "For MSL, (Mars Science Laboratory) we put a label on the jar that says "dare mighty things."
"This phrase was taken from Theodore Roosevelt's quote, "Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs even though checkered by failure, than to rank with those timid spirits who neither enjoy nor suffer much because they live In the grey twilight that knows nether victory nor defeat.""
The post greeted Isro and its scientist's with slogans — "GO MOM!!!" "GOOD LUCK MOM!" "DARE MIGHTY THINGS".
Isro's MOM — joined Facebook on October 22 and has received more than 11,850 likes in a short span.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi ... 076089.cms
BANGALORE: It is a "lucky peanuts" wish from the Nasa to Indian Space Research Organization on its ambitious mission to Mars.
As the Isro geared up for the Mars Orbit Mission (MOM) " Mangalyaan", Nasa wished the Indian space agency with "lucky peanuts" on its Facebook page, for the MOM scheduled for launch on November 5 from Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota.
The good wishes message titled "lucky peanuts" was posted on the Isro's recently created MOM Facebook page on Thursday by Nasa's Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL).
"As you prepare for your launch to Mars, do not forget one of the few, but important action: pass around the peanuts!" a post by JPL on Isro's MOM Facebook page read.
The American Nasa/JPL is also providing communications and navigation support to this mission to the red planet with their deep space network facilities.
Illustrating the tradition of peanuts for Mars Mission at JPL, the post read: "It goes back to the 1960s with the very first missions we sent to the moon. We had seven mission attempts to go the moon before we succeeded, and on the seventh one, they had passed out peanuts in the control room."
"Ranger 7, which in July 1964 became the first US space probe to successfully transmit close images of the moon's surface back to the earth, made the peanuts into a tradition at JPL," it added.
Stating that ever since, it has been a long standing tradition to hand out peanuts "whenever we launch and whenever we do anything important like land on Mars", the post by JPL read: "We use all the luck we can get!"
Giving away another traditional secret to Isro, followed during the launch that has proved lucky to Nasa, the post said "For MSL, (Mars Science Laboratory) we put a label on the jar that says "dare mighty things."
"This phrase was taken from Theodore Roosevelt's quote, "Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs even though checkered by failure, than to rank with those timid spirits who neither enjoy nor suffer much because they live In the grey twilight that knows nether victory nor defeat.""
The post greeted Isro and its scientist's with slogans — "GO MOM!!!" "GOOD LUCK MOM!" "DARE MIGHTY THINGS".
Isro's MOM — joined Facebook on October 22 and has received more than 11,850 likes in a short span.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi ... 076089.cms
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Isro does a ‘clean’ test run of Mars mission
MUMBAI: "10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-0. All systems are a go, real time systems activated and on board computers are in flight mode," an official announced in anticipation at Isro's Sriharikota centre on Thursday. An air of nervousness pervaded the team as it prepared to "launch" Indian space research's most ambitious project - the Mars mission.
There was just one difference. Thursday was just a dress rehearsal. India's first mission to the Red Planet designated the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mom) is scheduled for launch at 2.38pm on November 5.
On Thursday the mission executives were glued to their monitors in all earnestness in Sriharikota's hi-tech control room. The atmosphere was a mix of apprehension and excitement.
Thursday's dry run simulated the entire command sequence of the countdown. It demonstrated the mission readiness, according an Isro spokesperson.
Speaking to TOI, he said that except for fuel filling all the activities 8-10 hours prior to the lift-off of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL were simulated without a hitch. The 'rehearsal's' most important aspect was the retraction of the mobile service tower and bringing it back - carried out flawlessly.
"During the 8.5-hour rehearsal which began at 6.08am various checks were carried out including the range and all was a go, including the weather," the spokesperson said. The vehicle's systems were powered and its health is normal.
"On Friday, the launch authorization board will meet to take the final call to initiate the final 56.5-half countdown that will start at 6am on Sunday," the official said.
To involve the public, a countdown clock has been included on the Mom's Facebook page.
Principal investigator of Nasa's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (Maven) mission Bruce Jakosky has been quoted in Universe Today, a web journal, saying, "Nasa's Maven and India's Mom will work together to help solve the mysteries of Mars' atmosphere."
Maven is slated for launch on November 18 and both MOM and Maven are expected to arrive at the Red Planet at the same time in September 2014.
Scientists and engineers of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory have sent good wishes to Isro for Mom's successful launch on November 5.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home ... 021137.cms
MUMBAI: "10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-0. All systems are a go, real time systems activated and on board computers are in flight mode," an official announced in anticipation at Isro's Sriharikota centre on Thursday. An air of nervousness pervaded the team as it prepared to "launch" Indian space research's most ambitious project - the Mars mission.
There was just one difference. Thursday was just a dress rehearsal. India's first mission to the Red Planet designated the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mom) is scheduled for launch at 2.38pm on November 5.
On Thursday the mission executives were glued to their monitors in all earnestness in Sriharikota's hi-tech control room. The atmosphere was a mix of apprehension and excitement.
Thursday's dry run simulated the entire command sequence of the countdown. It demonstrated the mission readiness, according an Isro spokesperson.
Speaking to TOI, he said that except for fuel filling all the activities 8-10 hours prior to the lift-off of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL were simulated without a hitch. The 'rehearsal's' most important aspect was the retraction of the mobile service tower and bringing it back - carried out flawlessly.
"During the 8.5-hour rehearsal which began at 6.08am various checks were carried out including the range and all was a go, including the weather," the spokesperson said. The vehicle's systems were powered and its health is normal.
"On Friday, the launch authorization board will meet to take the final call to initiate the final 56.5-half countdown that will start at 6am on Sunday," the official said.
To involve the public, a countdown clock has been included on the Mom's Facebook page.
Principal investigator of Nasa's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (Maven) mission Bruce Jakosky has been quoted in Universe Today, a web journal, saying, "Nasa's Maven and India's Mom will work together to help solve the mysteries of Mars' atmosphere."
Maven is slated for launch on November 18 and both MOM and Maven are expected to arrive at the Red Planet at the same time in September 2014.
Scientists and engineers of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory have sent good wishes to Isro for Mom's successful launch on November 5.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home ... 021137.cms
Last edited by SSridhar on 02 Nov 2013 12:38, edited 2 times in total.
Reason: Kindly use the quote tag to enclose the report. Tks.
Reason: Kindly use the quote tag to enclose the report. Tks.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
I always felt, a moon landing mission is more vital than mars. Of course, the mars and deep space mission is vital for the future startegic missions that enables technologies to boost many biproduct uses for both civilian and defence areas.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Beating China to Mars is a worthwhile exercise in itself.SaiK wrote:I always felt, a moon landing mission is more vital than mars. Of course, the mars and deep space mission is vital for the future startegic missions that enables technologies to boost many biproduct uses for both civilian and defence areas.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/scienc ... 305912.ece
The country’s highly anticipated Mars Orbiter Mission will take off as planned on Tuesday, November 5, at 2.38 p.m.
An ISRO official said the Launch Authorisation Board on Friday cleared the flight from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
The 56-hour countdown begins on Sunday at 6.08 a.m.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Crossing my fingers for a boring and uneventful countdown. Followed by a boring and uneventful launch. Along with an uneventful orbital insertion in the Martian orbit.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24772147
BBC interview of K.Radhakrishnan. Good to note that there is no mention of Indians living on less than $2 a day or such issues being raised.
BBC interview of K.Radhakrishnan. Good to note that there is no mention of Indians living on less than $2 a day or such issues being raised.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
^^the text version seems sanitised, the video programme on BBC "India Report" and other video clips and news reporter announcement on it, all had the gratuitous reference to the poverty, justification angle, etc... BBC delivered on expectations.
Radhakrishnan was calm, dignified and earnest throughout the interview and presented facts. Whoever edited the videoclips did a nice hack job.
Radhakrishnan was calm, dignified and earnest throughout the interview and presented facts. Whoever edited the videoclips did a nice hack job.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
please continue on Mars mission here : http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewto ... f=3&t=6678
@mods, please help with adding relevant links to first post of that thread.
TIA.
@mods, please help with adding relevant links to first post of that thread.
TIA.
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/new ... 272936.cms
i am confused with the below quote by ISRO chairman
If not then what is this 200 tonne engine he is talking about. Any info please [Semi-cryo / cryo / liquid
]
i am confused with the below quote by ISRO chairman
if it is about S200 then is LPSC working on it ? i beleive it is taken care by VSSC and SDSC."Meanwhile, a 200 tonne engine is being developed at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at Thiruvananthapuram," he said.
If not then what is this 200 tonne engine he is talking about. Any info please [Semi-cryo / cryo / liquid
]-
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
^ Weight of ~200 tonnes rules out the L110 engine then it could be the common liquid core stage (CLC) which was reported to be on ISRO's roadmap for the GSLV-III and future UMLV family.
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member_23694
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
^^^^
200 tonne CLC not sure
does the UMLV not talk about semi-cryo as core stage.
If it is CLC then what is the performance gain compared to L110 for GSLV MK3 ?
200 tonne CLC not sure
does the UMLV not talk about semi-cryo as core stage.
If it is CLC then what is the performance gain compared to L110 for GSLV MK3 ?
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
First confirmation in the media:AbhiJ wrote:1) I read somewhere that GSLV MkIII Experimental flight in April 2014 will have Orbital Vehicle (ex. 3 tons) as payload. The flight would be an altitude of 120 Km. Can anyone confirm that?
Clickyadded that the crew module could be tested on the GSLV Mark III, which will take off in April 2014.
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negi
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Dhiraj the way I follow ISRO's nomenclature is the number in the engine name represents the fuel loading like L110 refers to Vikas 2 cluster engine which weighs 9 tonnes but has a propellant load of 110 tonnes. I think that this ~200 tonnes engine could refer to the CLC which is a semi cryogenic stage under works aka SC160 where 160 tonnes should refer to the weight of the LOX+Kerosene and rest for Engine and associated sub systems.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
In the next 18 months, five remaining satellites for the IRNSS would be launched, Radhakrishnan said, adding, GSLV Mark II would be ready by 2016-17.
Nine satellites are already waiting for GSLV Mark II
ISRO has plans of a mission to explore Sun's corona, one to explore asteroid Vesta
Nine satellites are already waiting for GSLV Mark II
ISRO has plans of a mission to explore Sun's corona, one to explore asteroid Vesta
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member_23370
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
GSLV-II or III? 2016 is late for Mk II already. The D5 will fly in dec.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
I am a noobie when it comes to discussing space exploraion. When are these two above missions planned?AbhiJ wrote:ISRO has plans of a mission to explore Sun's corona, one to explore asteroid Vesta
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
AFAIK we have never used a cluster of liquid engines (Vikas in our case). So what do you mean by Vikas 2 cluster engine above?negi wrote:Dhiraj the way I follow ISRO's nomenclature is the number in the engine name represents the fuel loading like L110 refers to Vikas 2 cluster engine which weighs 9 tonnes but has a propellant load of 110 tonnes. I think that this ~200 tonnes engine could refer to the CLC which is a semi cryogenic stage under works aka SC160 where 160 tonnes should refer to the weight of the LOX+Kerosene and rest for Engine and associated sub systems.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
The First stage of GSLV Mk3 has thismerlin wrote:AFAIK we have never used a cluster of liquid engines (Vikas in our case). So what do you mean by Vikas 2 cluster engine above?
Also See this
http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/script ... Mar06_2010
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Neela
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
negi wrote:Dhiraj the way I follow ISRO's nomenclature is the number in the engine name represents the fuel loading like L110 refers to Vikas 2 cluster engine which weighs 9 tonnes but has a propellant load of 110 tonnes. I think that this ~200 tonnes engine could refer to the CLC which is a semi cryogenic stage under works aka SC160 where 160 tonnes should refer to the weight of the LOX+Kerosene and rest for Engine and associated sub systems.
For the cryogenic Engine (CE), the number represents the thrust. We have CE7.5, CE20 ( x10 kN) .
For the cryogenic stage, the number represents the mass of fuel. C12.5 , C15, C25 (x10^3 kg)
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negi
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
^ Yeah I was talking about the Semi cryo stage which will power the core stages not the final one which will be a cryo stage. The semi cryos are named as SC followed by fuel so SC160 means 160 tonnes of LOX+Kero. The ~200 tonne engine being mentioned by Dhiraj is most probably a SC160 + engine deadweight because at LPSC no solid fuel rockets are tested so S200 is ruled out.
Merlin L110 is nothing but a cluster of 2 Vikas engines. ISRO's nomenclature is very logical and organized i.e. S for solid boosters for eg. S200, L series for liquid like L110 , SC for semi cryos and C for cryos.
Merlin L110 is nothing but a cluster of 2 Vikas engines. ISRO's nomenclature is very logical and organized i.e. S for solid boosters for eg. S200, L series for liquid like L110 , SC for semi cryos and C for cryos.
Last edited by negi on 06 Nov 2013 19:16, edited 1 time in total.
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negi
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
More on GSLV MKIII from horse's mouth.
http://www.frontline.in/science-and-tec ... epage=true
http://www.frontline.in/science-and-tec ... epage=true
What is the Unified Launch Vehicle of ISRO?
That comes later. Today, we have the GSLV, and GSLV–Mark III is being developed. Of course, we have plans for an experimental mission of GSLV–Mark III.
I heard that it will be a passive flight of GSLV–Mark III. What is a passive flight?
It will be a passive cryo. You have the configuration of GSLV–Mark III, which comprises two solid strap-ons, S-200 with a propellant loading of 200 tonnes each; the liquid core stage which has a dual engine; and the high-thrust cryogenic stage [above it]. We call it C-25. That is, it will carry 25 tonnes of cryogenic propellants. The S-200 solid stage has already been qualified. One of the critical requirements is that the performance of the two strap-ons should be identical. The liquid stage has been qualified on the ground. Avionics and other sub-systems are ready. We are waiting for the completion of the development of the cryogenic engine and the stage.
One of the essential requirements is the atmospheric characterisation of this launch vehicle configuration. So without waiting for the cryogenic engine and the stage to be ready, we are going ahead with this experimental mission where we will have S-200 strap-ons and the L-110 [110 tonnes of liquid propellants] stages and the cryogenic stage which [the cryogenic engine] will not ignite. It will not give any acceleration to the vehicle. We will get nearly 5 km per second provided by the solid and liquid stages. It will be a sub-orbital flight. The most important part of it is that it will go through the atmospheric phase and we will make all the measurements in flight required to characterise the vehicle and its performance. This is scheduled for January 2014. This is going to be a major milestone in the GSLV–Mark III development.
There are three important developments taking place in the space transportation area. The first is the development of the semi-cryogenic engine.
The second is the Reusable Launch Vehicle–Technology Demonstrator [RLV-TD]. The third is the air-breathing propulsion. We have made good progress in the RLV-TD. We did a review recently. We expect the flight system to be ready within a year. The first stage will be a solid motor with nine tonnes of solid propellants, that is, S-9 rocket motor and a wind-body mounted on S-9.
The second stage is the air-breathing propulsion. We have a large sounding rocket developed for this purpose and we had a test of the sounding rocket with the passive scram-jet module in 2010. The idea is that when you have to test an active scram-jet module, you need to have a specific window of the acceleration and dynamic pressure. We have seen that this is possible to get. So the next flight of the sounding rocket will be with an active scram-jet module. We are preparing for that flight, that is, to find out the effectiveness of the air-breathing propulsion. In semi-cryogenic engine development, we had one test of the single injector element of semi-cryogenics done, the first combustion. But we have a long way to go. There is a massive test facility to be created for testing the semi-cryogenic engine and the sub-systems. All this is in the early phase, I would say.
You asked about the Unified Launch Vehicle. It is a future expendable launch vehicle concept. It is modular in shape, comprising semi-cryogenics as booster, a cryogenics as upper stage and strap-ons of different magnitudes made of solid rockets. It can be S-200, S-139 or S-9, depending on the payload requirement. The ULV is slightly futuristic.
The immediate task on hand is the development of GSLV–Mark III. Its experimental mission with a passive cryogenic stage will be in January 2014. After three years, a developmental flight with an active cryogenic stage will take place.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
wind-body?
not wing-body?
not wing-body?
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
dhiraj wrote:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/new ... 272936.cms
i am confused with the below quote by ISRO chairmanif it is about S200 then is LPSC working on it ? i beleive it is taken care by VSSC and SDSC."Meanwhile, a 200 tonne engine is being developed at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at Thiruvananthapuram," he said.
If not then what is this 200 tonne engine he is talking about. Any info please [Semi-cryo / cryo / liquid
Most probably the engine in question is the SC-160. The confusion could be coming from the fact that the engine generates 2000 kN of thrust. So there might be some confusion behind the naming of engine and the stage as Neela pointed out. The convention followed for the nomenclature of the engine will place the number 200 in its name. And we know that it is undergoing various tests currently.negi wrote:More on GSLV MKIII from horse's mouth.
http://www.frontline.in/science-and-tec ... epage=true
The second is the Reusable Launch Vehicle–Technology Demonstrator [RLV-TD]. The third is the air-breathing propulsion. We have made good progress in the RLV-TD. We did a review recently. We expect the flight system to be ready within a year. The first stage will be a solid motor with nine tonnes of solid propellants, that is, S-9 rocket motor and awind-body(wing-body) mounted on S-9.
However the engine might also be the first stage TSTO (Two Stage To Orbit) reusable vehicle. It is also supposed to be semi-cryogenic.
Features:
Usage:
10 Ton to LEO and GTO payload capability.
Vertical take off.
Semi-cryogenic booster stage with avg. Isp of 330 seconds and cryogenic orbiter stage with avg. Isp of 400 seconds.
Total lift off weight < 700 tons.
Winged body booster that will boost the orbiter to Mach 10 at an altitude of 80-100 km then separate and return to launch site and land conventionally on an air-strip.
Orbiter will deploy the payloads in the intended orbits and then deboost, re-enter and land on airbags or vertically on legs.
Vehicle structure designed for 100 flights and engines for 50 flights.
Turn around time should be 30 days.
Payload fraction = 2%.
Cost effectiveness < 1000 US $/ kg for LEO payload.
or
Timeline
Source: http://antariksh-space.blogspot.sg/2013 ... ogram.html
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Indranil, The SC 200 ton thrust is shown in the timeline slide near 2013.
Lalmohan its wing body. The elusive HSDTV.
negi.
Thanks. So the dummy cryo-engine flight is planned. Its an outcome of the worries about aero-loads after the last cryo engine non-ignition. IOW this is a aero loads determination flight. That inverted scoop shaped object on the cryo-stage is the main cause of the high aero loads.
Lalmohan its wing body. The elusive HSDTV.
negi.
Thanks. So the dummy cryo-engine flight is planned. Its an outcome of the worries about aero-loads after the last cryo engine non-ignition. IOW this is a aero loads determination flight. That inverted scoop shaped object on the cryo-stage is the main cause of the high aero loads.
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member_23694
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Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
watched Mr Nambi Narayanan interview in timesnow today.
It was very sad to see the pain that he had to go through.
The worst part has been , forget the government, i don't see him in any of the important ISRO launches(please correct me if i am wrong )
I would definitely like to see him speaking to the ISRO scientist after successful GSLV launch with Indian cryo in national TV.
At least ISRO should make it visible to everyone that they still hold him with high regard .
ISRO should not fall in trap of all the politics and ensure that their scientists are given the highest regard that they deserve.
It was very sad to see the pain that he had to go through.
The worst part has been , forget the government, i don't see him in any of the important ISRO launches(please correct me if i am wrong )
I would definitely like to see him speaking to the ISRO scientist after successful GSLV launch with Indian cryo in national TV.
At least ISRO should make it visible to everyone that they still hold him with high regard .
ISRO should not fall in trap of all the politics and ensure that their scientists are given the highest regard that they deserve.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
in addition to mars and moon missions, it would be lovely to have docking mission to ISS. why is that we are not thinking of joining ISS? are we denied?
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Isro spy scandal: Gujarat ex-DGP has deal with Congress, BJP says
Isro spy case too old to book police for ‘framing': Government to HC
Little dated article about the same case (Aug 3, 2013):NEW DELHI: BJP on Thursday raked up the 19-year-old Isro spy scandal to allege that former Gujarat DGP RB Sreekumar had levelled charges of fake encounters against the Narendra Modi government as a quid pro quo for the UPA giving him a clean chit in the case "fabricated" by him.
BJP spokeswoman Meenakshi Lekhi played an audio CD of a purported telephone conversation allegedly between Rais Khan, a close aide of activist-lawyer Teesta Setalvad, and Sreekumar at a press briefing on Thursday, to "prove" the police officer and Setalvad were working in tandem to target the Modi government.
On his part, Sreekumar dismissed as false propaganda Lekhi's allegations, saying she had "misrepresented facts". In the recording, which the party claimed was also available on the internet, Sreekumar purportedly says, "Teesta helped me when the chargesheet (on fake encounters) was given to me."
BJP alleged that the former Gujarat top cop had earlier fabricated the Isro spy case of 1994, which he had probed while on deputation with the IB as deputy director. Responding to this, Sreekumar claimed the IB was not authorized to probe the case.
Sreekumar was, however, given a clean chit by the UPA government in the case in 2004. In return for this, BJP alleged, he launched a tirade against the Modi government when he was posted back to his parent cadre, Gujarat. Lekhi alleged that the "patriotic" Isro scientist Nambi Narayanan, a suspect in the spy case, was branded a traitor and ill-treated and tortured by Sreekumar during his 50-day incarceration.
Later, Sreekumar was charged on nine counts, including not preparing a written statement of interrogation of Narayanan, leaving the interrogation statements unsigned and undated and failing to conduct verification about the veracity of the statements of the accused persons as recorded by the IB team without assigning any reasons.
This resulted in irreparable loss and humiliation to respectable scientists of Isro and others, according to the chargesheet. However, in 2004, the home ministry dropped seven of the nine charges against Sreekumar "without any inquiry". "As part of the quid pro quo, he was expected to launch a tirade full of lies and untruths against BJP government in Gujarat for political reasons," Lekhi alleged.
Isro spy case too old to book police for ‘framing': Government to HC
KOCHI: The Kerala government has decided not to proceed legally against police officials who probed Isro spy case of 1994 as it's too old, the government has informed the Kerala high court.
The government's stance was clarified in an affidavit filed by the home department in response to a petition filed by former Isro scientist Nambi Narayanan.
Nambi Narayanan had questioned the state government's decision not to proceed legally against the police officers who were found by CBI to have 'framed' the scientist. Nambi Narayanan was booked on charges of engaging in espionage at Isro, where he was working, in 1994, but was later given a clean chit by CBI and discharged of the charges by a chief judicial magistrate court in 1996.
Though the CBI had suggested legal action against the officers of Kerala police who were responsible for the illegal arrest, the state government didn't take any action, the petitioner had alleged. Though CBI's findings were later upheld by the Supreme Court, the state government decided on June 29 last year that no inquiry is required against the officials, the petition had stated.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
It is strange that Keral government is Communist one for decades and still silent on any hit jobs from USA. Not to mention other civilized people/institutions on radio silence such as NHRC, investigation agencies etc. and last but not the least NGO industries.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
Why My Book Didn’t Sell
The move to sabotage Isro’s cryogenic programme began on 18 January 1991, the date on which Isro signed the agreement, 800-1/50, with Glavkosmos, the Russian space agency. The agreement went against US business interests in two ways.
The price quoted by Glavkosmos for the transfer of technology and supply of three cryogenic engines was Rs 235 crore, nearly 400 per cent less than what America’s General Dynamics had quoted. The undercutting caused serious concern over sales of American rocket technology elsewhere. Secondly, the price-per-kg–payload fixed for the GSLV to launch satellites into geosynchronous orbit, 36,000 km from Earth, was less than half the price quoted by US vehicles. This, too, meant a market hit for America.
In May 1992, the US imposed sanctions on Glavkosmos and Isro for two years, stating that the agreement violated provisions of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). The agreement did not violate the MTCR because the purpose of the GSLV is to launch communication satellites. The then US State Secretary also sent a letter, through a diplomatic channel, to Boris Yeltsin, expressing America’s displeasure over the agreement. On 16 July 1993, the Russian government cancelled the agreement, invoking ‘force majeure’.
A new agreement was signed between Isro and Glavkosmos in 1993 after deleting the technology transfer clause. This time, America had no objections and the engines reached Isro on time. The message was clear: America did not want India to acquire Russian cryogenic rocket technology and become a potential competitor in the space business.
On the other hand, as soon as the first agreement was signed, Glavkosmos and Isro had anticipated American interference and already moved to pre-empt it. They started working on a joint plan to fabricate cryogenic engines in India. The idea was to entrust the work to an external agency as job work, for which transfer of technology was necessary. Such a transfer, as part of the work order, would not attract MTCR provisions. If the technology reached Isro through that agency, technically, neither Glavkosmos nor Isro could be blamed. Aleksey V Vasin, officer-in-charge of cryogenic technology in Glavkosmos, took the initiative on the Russian side. Indian reciprocity had the approval of UR Rao, then Isro chairman. The firm both parties zeroed in on to get cryogenic engines fabricated was Kerala Hi-tech Industries Limited (KELTEC) in Thiruvananthapuram, the present BrahMos Aerospace. It was also expected that Rao, after his retirement, would man KELTEC.
Documents published in my book show that initiatives to get cryogenic engines fabricated at KELTEC began on 4 March 1992, two months before America imposed sanctions on Isro and Glavkosmos, and 14 months before Russia had to cancel the 1991 agreement. Glavkosmos and Isro had agreed on a Rs 100 crore joint venture. At that last meeting, held in the second week of November 1994, the Russian team, led by Alexander I Dunaev, Chairman, Glavkosmos, had agreed to invest in the joint venture from an Escrow Account in India.
Besides, efforts were made to advance the supply of raw materials and spare parts from Glavkosmos to Isro since Glavkosmos foresaw the possibility of the agreement being cancelled under US pressure. Though Isro contacted Air India, it was not ready to carry the cargo without proper Customs clearance. And, that was not possible without the American lobby in Russia coming to know about it. So Isro entered an agreement with Ural Airlines, which was ready to take the risk for a little extra money.
America knew what was happening between Glavkosmos and Isro. It also knew that further arm-twisting at the diplomatic level would not be productive. So the CIA was entrusted with the job of aborting the circumlocutory transfer of cryogenic rocket technology through KELTEC, and of stalling or discrediting the transportation of raw materials and spare parts to Isro.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
From all accounts that have emerged so far about ISRO spy scandal , it seems that this was planned to target ISRO cryo programme. And at least three or four KP officers were involved in it along with few in IB. Why they did so , which is against Indian interest, is not yet clear unless one assumes that they are anti national or in plain words Traitors. If so they should be immediately thrown into jails under NSA Act and Defense of India Act should be invoked against them and given exemplary punishment. Unfortunately BJP can not take advantage of this because they did nothing when in power. Now to take advantage of this would lack credibility. I am not too sure if NaMo would like to re open the case and fry Sreekumar the Traitor Emeritus along with Matthew SIC Kerala and few others. ( any way he should strike at the roots and not the branches)
But, that affair is a sad commentary on how the vital institutions have been penetrated by inimical interests and nationally important projects and personnel are not even safeguarded.
But, that affair is a sad commentary on how the vital institutions have been penetrated by inimical interests and nationally important projects and personnel are not even safeguarded.
Re: Indian Space Programme Discussion
given the history about traitors of the land, and their genre existence carried over decades of internal and external infringement of basic right to live and grow, i doubt without a setup change, we can handle this any cleaner going forward. lot of work needs to happen behind to curb or constraint such genre under some counter secret program on hot-chase mode. this might get to be serious problem for the near and distant future of the country owing to many potential shake up to happen post 2014 elections... before it erupts and spawns off into hiding and cover mode, it is better bring them out and identify.. keep a list for future pursuit - need to go on a learn mode as the chase happens.
we need to stop this, and provide better security framework - fundamental rights.
we need to stop this, and provide better security framework - fundamental rights.