India's Power Sector

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KL Dubey
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by KL Dubey »

Suraj wrote: 27 Sep 2024 22:17 High energy generation requires more than installed capacity that is indeed growing strongly, I agree. On that regard:
[url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/in ... gw-demand-
I was going to post this one too, but saw that you already did. Bharat sarkar vision is comprehensive including grid transmission and storage of renewable energy.

RE ministry has the data, not very well presented but the projections/targets are all here:
https://mnre.gov.in/en/energy-storage-systemsess/
https://mnre.gov.in/en/energy-storage-s ... -overview/

At the same time, rooftop solar is now picking up significantly. Bharat sarkar has a scheme similar to the JJM:

https://rmi.org/insight/can-rooftop-sol ... as-cities/
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by A_Gupta »

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2116510
The Indian economy has depicted a healthy expansion during the FY 2023-24, with the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) registering a growth of 7.8% over the past year and stood at 9,03,158 KToE(Kilo Tonnes of oil Equivalent).
...
The installed-capacity for generating electricity (including Utility and Non-Utility) from the Renewable resources has also experienced a significant growth over the past years. From 81,593 Mega Watt as on 31-Mar-2015, it has risen to 1,98,213 Mega Watt as on 31-Mar-2024, which is a CAGR of 10.36% over the years.
...
The gross generation of electricity from the Renewable resources (both Utility and Non-Utility together) has also increased significantly over the years. From an amount of 2,05,608 GWH of electricity generated during FY 2014-15, it has increased to 3,70,320 GWH during FY 2023-24, which is a CAGR of 6.76% over the years.
...
India has also experienced a substantial growth in the per-capita consumption of energy over the years. It has gone up from 14,682 Mega Joule/person during FY 2014-15 to 18,410 Mega Joule/person during FY 2023-24 which is a CAGR of 2.55% over the years.

...
The utilization of the electricity has been significantly improved over the years by reducing the losses incurred due to transmission and distribution. Percentage loss due to Transmission and Distribution which was around 23% during FY 2014-15 has gone down to around 17% during FY 2023-24.
....
Among all the major end-use energy- consuming sectors, the Industry sector, has witnessed maximum expansion during FY 2023-24. The consumption against Industry sector has increased from 2,42,418 KToE during FY 2014-15 to 3,11,822 KToE during FY 2023-24. All other sectors like Commercial and Public service, Residential, Agriculture and Forestry have also registered a consistent growth over the periods.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Jay »

I do not know how we got here, but our progress in power generation has been pathetic. Between 2002 and 2014, we more than doubled out generation capacity from 105,046 MW to 245,259 MW. Since 2014, We have only added 196,711MW and we are at 441,970 and progressing at a snail's pace. This is beyond pathetic for a nation which aims to grown to double digit trillion dollar economy. In the last 5 years, the most we grew was by 4.5% in 2022.

If anyone want to see how incompetent the power ministry is, please take one look at the Gorakhpur nuclear plant boondoggle. It's foundation stone was laid on January 2014 by MMS. By October 2014, both the state and central govt's were under BJP and there was this great hope that it will be a showcase project. The state CM was Bhupinder Singh Hooda, who is the current power minister. Where are we now? The first phase, which was scheduled for 2025, will is planned for 2029 and second phase to be completed in 2036. I highly doubt this will happen before 2040. The cost ballooned from ₹20,594 crore to ₹41,594 crore and will reach more.

I do not know why Bharat sarkar engages in this dog and pony show of 'scheme after scheme', while failing at delivering what is needed for India's future. It's dependence on leaning on a few industrial houses is dragging the entire sector down.


https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease ... lid=187056

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/harya ... ainability.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by KL Dubey »

Jay wrote: 31 Mar 2025 21:03 I do not know how we got here, but our progress in power generation has been pathetic. Between 2002 and 2014, we more than doubled out generation capacity from 105,046 MW to 245,259 MW. Since 2014, We have only added 196,711MW and we are at 441,970 and progressing at a snail's pace. This is beyond pathetic for a nation which aims to grown to double digit trillion dollar economy. In the last 5 years, the most we grew was by 4.5% in 2022.
There are a number of complex issues here, but just adding a few things:

- Demand/supply forces are both at play. A key difference after 2014 is that supply is meeting demand a lot better. There is still some way to go.

- Power generation is not really as much a problem as other issues like distribution, storage, wastage, theft etc which seem to be the limiting factors. Solving these supply issues will also stimulate more demand. It's a process. For example, a good chunk of Modi's rural electrification drive (which is continuing successfully) is off-grid renewables, which are probably not counted in the figures above.

- Nuclear power (and associated delays) is a special case, also its currently a small fraction of the power sector. Probably deserves a separate discussion in the nuclear thread.

- There is a lot of captive power capacity and generation. Probably almost 50% the size of the utility power sector, which means we probably have around 700 GW total capacity.

- For comparison, USA probably has about 1600 GW capacity (including captive power). IOW, about 2X that of India, whereas USA economy is anywhere from 2X (PPP)-5X (nominal) the size of India. Again this indicates that power generation is not the real problem, instead it is distribution and utilization efficiency.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by A Deshmukh »

Before 2014, we had load shedding even in cities and industrial zones for whole days (1-2 per week).
Your weekly off schedule was decided by the load shedding schedule.
We don't have that now.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by uddu »

There is lot of Wokeism in this Govt. It all started to benefit from the New Green World Order and ended up with holding Chembu while the ones who invented this ideology to benefit them are ditching it faster than they started it.
They did good too in the form of improving efficiency, ensuring stopping of leakages from stealing power to transmission losses are stopped. They have a report that shows savings.
There are reports on Gov site has many such details.
https://beeindia.gov.in/sites/default/f ... 20_pdf.pdf

https://www.ibef.org/industry/power-sector-india
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Amber G. »

KL Dubey wrote: 31 Mar 2025 23:17 ...


- Nuclear power (and associated delays) is a special case, also its currently a small fraction of the power sector. Probably deserves a separate discussion in the nuclear thread.

- There is a lot of captive power capacity and generation. Probably almost 50% the size of the utility power sector, which means we probably have around 700 GW total capacity.

In the nuclear thread...

There is huge news for India's nuclear energy sector. Holtec International, a US-based SMR company, has received approval from the US DOE to manufacture Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in India, in collaboration with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Tata . ...
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Mort Walker »

Jay wrote: 31 Mar 2025 21:03 I do not know how we got here, but our progress in power generation has been pathetic. Between 2002 and 2014, we more than doubled out generation capacity from 105,046 MW to 245,259 MW. Since 2014, We have only added 196,711MW and we are at 441,970 and progressing at a snail's pace. This is beyond pathetic for a nation which aims to grown to double digit trillion dollar economy. In the last 5 years, the most we grew was by 4.5% in 2022.

If anyone want to see how incompetent the power ministry is, please take one look at the Gorakhpur nuclear plant boondoggle. It's foundation stone was laid on January 2014 by MMS. By October 2014, both the state and central govt's were under BJP and there was this great hope that it will be a showcase project. The state CM was Bhupinder Singh Hooda, who is the current power minister. Where are we now? The first phase, which was scheduled for 2025, will is planned for 2029 and second phase to be completed in 2036. I highly doubt this will happen before 2040. The cost ballooned from ₹20,594 crore to ₹41,594 crore and will reach more.

I do not know why Bharat sarkar engages in this dog and pony show of 'scheme after scheme', while failing at delivering what is needed for India's future. It's dependence on leaning on a few industrial houses is dragging the entire sector down.


https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease ... lid=187056

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/harya ... ainability.
Image

I wouldn't say GoI is entirely incompetent. In 2024, from initial scanning of CEA website, it appears over 2,000 TWhrs has been produced. Electricity generation is happening, but yes, the power ministry needs to work harder. From the curve, India appears to be 20 years behind China.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Cyrano »

Amber G. wrote: 02 Apr 2025 05:30
KL Dubey wrote: 31 Mar 2025 23:17 ...


- Nuclear power (and associated delays) is a special case, also its currently a small fraction of the power sector. Probably deserves a separate discussion in the nuclear thread.

- There is a lot of captive power capacity and generation. Probably almost 50% the size of the utility power sector, which means we probably have around 700 GW total capacity.

In the nuclear thread...

There is huge news for India's nuclear energy sector. Holtec International, a US-based SMR company, has received approval from the US DOE to manufacture Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in India, in collaboration with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Tata . ...
Amber G,

This is naive wishful thinking at best or propaganda at worst and I'm calling it out. Especially because you are peddling this narrative AFTER I questioned it in the other thread without bringing a shred of evidence to support your claims about Holtech. I'm wondering if you are connected to this company in some way.

Holtech has never designed or made a nuclear reactor, much less an SMR. They are a privately owned company that until now has only supplied components and subsystems to other companies in the nuclear industry. We don't know how big they are nor how financially viable they are. Calling this huge news, 'SMR company' doesn't stand even a cursory check.

Kakodkar is also on record expressing scepticism on this 'deal'. I've posted a link in nuclear thread. Here it is again.

Holtec is not that well known,” said Dr Anil Kakodkar, former chairman of India’s Atomic Energy Commission, “and though they have been in manufacturing, they have not done any work in the primary nuclear reactor or nuclear segments although in back-end activities such as fuel storage and lower level of safety, they have done some work.”
https://stratnewsglobal.com/china/holte ... -reactors/
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Amber G. »

Folks (@Dubeyji and others) WRT kakodarji ..
Kakodkar is also on record expressing scepticism on this 'deal'. I've posted a link in nuclear thread.
The detailed response is in nuclear thread..
Dr. Kakodkar's views are based on scientific reasoning and experience. It's essential to recognize that he's not attempting to predict the future like an astrologer might. Rather, he's offering a measured perspective based on current technological and policy realities. To suggest that he's dismissing all future potential of SMR research would be a gross misrepresentation of his position and a clear distortion of his nuanced and informed comments.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by suryag »

second round cleanup done, folks take it easy you are on the brink
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by KL Dubey »

This excellent and exhaustive report was released yesterday:

https://ember-energy.org/latest-insight ... view-2025/

Lots of data and insights in this report. Regarding the "Big Picture" chapter:

https://ember-energy.org/latest-insight ... g-picture/

There are detailed section in this report on China and India.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by bharathp »

Mort Walker wrote: 05 Apr 2025 06:34
Image
Mort Walker ji.. please note the growth in cheen's electricity generation is also directly related to the number of manufacturing companies coming up over there. its not just per capita comsumption but an oversized export oriented manufacturing industry thats demanding such high electricity generation and consumption.
compared to India/US and other countries, its not going to be the same for China.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Mort Walker »

bharathp-ji,

India has to ramp up cheap electricity generation fast. The service industry is rapidly slowing down, but millions are being added to the job market every year. Take a look at what's happening at TCS. The only way out is manufacturing for domestic consumption, followed by export. With India having a $100B USD trade deficit with China is unsustainable. BD textile industry needs to be choked to death with India taking over. Cheap energy from all sources is the key. Use solar for peak demand, coal & nuclear for base load production.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

@Mort gaaru, also increase improve (AKA decrease) the heat rate of existing coal fired power plants.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

Two links on strategies to reduce heat rate -

1. https://restservice.epri.com/publicdown ... /0/Product
1 INTRODUCTION
Steam turbine performance is important. When the steam turbine efficiency is high, emissions
decrease because less fuel is used for every kilowatt of power produced. Less fuel use results in
significant savings because fuel is often the largest cost of operating a power plant. Wear and
tear on the fuel handling equipment decreases, and more power per pound of steam is produced.
With less flow per kilowatt, there is less heat rejected in the condenser and corresponding heat-
rejection equipment, and ultimately the environment.

When availability and reliability are in good order, planned outages may be postponed if
performance is also in good order. The postponement of a planned outage postpones the costs of
the outage and the replacement power. Paying close attention to the turbine's thermal
performance can aid in early detection of reliability problems.

Measuring the turbine performance before and after an upgrade, modification, or other change to
the turbine will allow the owner to quantify the corresponding change in output, efficiency, fuel
consumption, throttle flow, and so on. This measurement also determines whether the turbine
passed any guaranteed performance criteria, which is often associated with bonuses and/or
liquidated damages.

Stations with a performance program perform better than those that without one. A performance
program provides the data for decision making with respect to timely maintenance. Monitoring
the performance of a steam turbine includes the trending of parameters that also describe the
performance of other plant components, providing insight and information on improving their
operation. A performance program creates a culture centered on improving plant performance.
The sharing of performance data with the entire plant staff strengthens their understanding of
how each staff member may contribute, ultimately making the improvement of plant
performance a team effort.
...
2. https://www.emerson.com/documents/autom ... 178352.pdf
Why is heat rate important?
For power plants, fuel cost reductions and increased availability are key
improvement areas for cost containment. For some plants, fuel expenditure
constitutes a large part of the total operating budget. Even a 1% improvement in
heat rate impacts plant profitability.

By improving heat rate the plant reduces emissions, and by doing so will have a
lower operating cost for air quality control systems. Better heat rate also implies
lower CO 2 emissions.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

I am sure this is all known stuff to folks who are in the business of building, commissioning, operating, and maintaining steam turbines but might be useful for those of us in BRF who have common sense and mathematical/engg maturity to understand at what technological level Bharat's coal fired power plants are.

https://assets.ctfassets.net/ucu418cgcn ... _v2022.pdf
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Mort Walker »

Vayutuvan wrote: 12 Apr 2025 22:32 @Mort gaaru, also increase improve (AKA decrease) the heat rate of existing coal fired power plants.
It's already happening. Look at the CEA reports in detail. Many coal plants are running below 60% capacity factor, but in the last 10 years, coal has increased to well over 70% of total electric energy production and is headed toward generating 75% electric energy. The reason is, that solar is picking up during the day for most of the year. Coal takes over from dusk to dawn & during the rainy season. Don't be surprised when coal hits 80% of India's electric energy generation by 2030. KOYLA IS KING!
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Cyrano »

PM Modi to visit Haryana tomorrow
To flag off Hisar–Ayodhya flight, lay foundation stone for ₹410 Cr airport terminal

₹8,470 Cr thermal power unit in Yamunanagar

₹1,070 Cr Rewari Bypass under Bharatmala

Mort Ji,
Comparing this to the 20,000 crores allocated to SMRs, it seems that the Govt is quite clear eyed.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Mort Walker »

Cyrano wrote: 13 Apr 2025 14:36 PM Modi to visit Haryana tomorrow
To flag off Hisar–Ayodhya flight, lay foundation stone for ₹410 Cr airport terminal

₹8,470 Cr thermal power unit in Yamunanagar

₹1,070 Cr Rewari Bypass under Bharatmala

Mort Ji,
Comparing this to the 20,000 crores allocated to SMRs, it seems that the Govt is quite clear eyed.
Thanks for the info.
The Yamunanagar plant will be a 800MWe domestic coal and should be operational sometime in 2027. Given Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) & improved heat rate, this plant will operate for many decades. Yes, GoI is quite clear eyed and knows full well cheap energy is key to improved GDP & quality of life.

If GoI opened 4-5 more of these 800MWe plants in the next 2-3 years, then offered nearly free electricity to industry, it would make a big difference in manufacturing.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by A_Gupta »

https://powermin.gov.in/en/content/overview
* Provisional (Upto Feb, 2025)
2024-25*
Growth in power generation:
Fossil fuel: 2.75 %
Renewable including hydro : 10.82 %
Growth in Non-Fossil Fuel (RE + Nuclear) Generation : 11.67%
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

Base numbers are important. Are they in the link?
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

A_Gupta wrote: 17 Apr 2025 18:05 https://powermin.gov.in/en/content/overview
Growth in Non-Fossil Fuel (RE + Nuclear) Generation : 11.67%
Hain?
From the same link (there is a table)

Nuclear Reduced by 4.53 % :rotfl:
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

https://cea.nic.in/%e0%a4%a1%e0%a5%88%e ... %e0%a4%a1/

Look for All India Power Generation - for the period Feb 2024 to Feb 2025. It is an interactive bar chart where one can set the period. I set it to Feb 2024 to Feb 2025.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

https://cea.nic.in/api-for-central-elec ... a/?lang=en

One can get API for Central Electricity Authority from here. All you data enthusiasts go take a shot at it and make your points using your own visualizations. :twisted:
(Fixed the link. One can choose English as the language on the main page)
Last edited by Vayutuvan on 18 Apr 2025 01:15, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

Vayutuvan
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

After this link, I will continue in "Climate Change: Prop..." thread. There are a few interesting points to note from that Wikipage. I will point those out there.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_comb ... ts#Fly_ash
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by KL Dubey »

At the end of the day, continuation of coal, oil, and natural gas are stop-gas/transitional measures to address energy equity especially for fast-growing and developing countries. This is well known all over the world, and stated here multiple times by "experts in the field". No amount of koila-tel-paad propaganda is going to change that.

India (and China) will definitely build/refurbish fossil-based power plants in the short term (10 years). The purpose of doing this is to ensure we have enough "cheap energy" in the short term to become prosperous, so that we can actually have a renewable energy future like the highly-developed EU and North America. The RE trajectory is very much the same in all these places: first the RE capacity was increased, then the utilization/generation was ramped up. China did all of it on steroids. India is on the same path. Again, read comprehensive analysis (e.g: https://ember-energy.org/latest-insight ... view-2025/) and get real understanding, instead of plodding along/wasting time with trivial undergrad-level statements.

These points were stated back around 2014 in the same thread, but some posters still do not understand it. Same issue as 10 years ago, i.e. looking at 1 or 2 data points in time and providing false conclusions, versus recognizing/understanding long-term trends using the wealth of data and analysis already available.

Renewable and low-carbon nuclear are displacing fossil power very steadily (and in some countries, very fast). I can quote many statistics (already in the same report and in many other places) that clearly show how renewables have grown dramatically, but of course there will be more propaganda on koila-tel-paad in response. Plain common sense, i.e, looking at how India's energy mix has changed over the years/decades, shows where things are headed.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

Strange. The points were stated 10 years ago. Here we are saying the same thang now. "India (and China) will definitely build/refurbish fossil-based power plants in the short term (10 years)".

Whatever happened in these 10 years? Where is the utilization ramp-up? Show data instead of "paad" hot air and saying UG this and UG that.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

(moved.)
Last edited by Vayutuvan on 18 Apr 2025 06:03, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

By the way, science is science whether it is PhD level or Elementary school level.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

(moved)
Last edited by Vayutuvan on 18 Apr 2025 06:04, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Vayutuvan »

KL Dubey wrote: 18 Apr 2025 03:37 ... gain, read comprehensive analysis (e.g: https://ember-energy.org/latest-insight ... view-2025/) and get real understanding, instead of plodding along/wasting time with trivial undergrad-level statements.
...
This non-profit think tank seems to be a climate activist greenpeace like (bgut on a much smaller level) think tank. I posted several extracts from their website "About" page.

And I was told I am compromised (whatever that means) by this poster @KL Dubey.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Mort Walker »

There is a lot of Dhruv Rathee level analysis on this forum by some posters.

See:
1.) https://iced.niti.gov.in/energy/electricity/generation
2.) https://cea.nic.in/?lang=en

From the first link above, look at actual generation of energy in BU (billions of KWatt-Hours). At the end of Feb. 2025, coal represents 72.93% of the fuel used to generate electricity. It matters little how many nameplate GWs solar panels have been installed. By the end of this decade, it is likely that coal will generate 80% of India's electricity. Sure, another 100 GWs of solar panels can come up, but the percentage of energy added will remain low.

Here's some hard truth - take a look at the CUF or PLF:
https://iced.niti.gov.in/energy/electri ... ration/plf
Solar's Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) has NEVER gone above 18% in the last 10 years. Until there is a breakthrough in production level PVs for grid utilization, solar's CUF will remain low.

GoI knows coal is the answer to cheap energy and below is the link that demonstrates it by showing a 58% improvement in domestic coal production:
https://iced.niti.gov.in/energy/fuel-so ... production
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by KL Dubey »

Chandranna goremint working on renewable power:
https://esgnews.com/renew-commits-2-5b- ... -projects/

Koilawallahs diversifying (chehre aur phephdon ko kaala karne se to yahi behtar hai):
https://fuelcellsworks.com/2025/05/09/h ... a-projects

Outlook for Indian solar power ecosystem (with a few good graphs in the article):
https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2025/ ... ix-report/
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Amber G. »

^^^ Interesting and informative.. thanks.
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by KL Dubey »

^^^Regarding the Coal India news article linked above, the 4.5 GW renewable power being provided to the company AM Green is for green ammonia production.

The green hydrogen needed for this will come from alkaline electrolyzers. AM has contracted John Cockerill for electrolyzers in a strategic partnership (JC setting up 1 GW capacity production unit in India) - i.e. no imports from China facilities. This also creates competition for L&T in the electrolyzer space.

AM Green is an Indian company (subsidiary of Greenko) with ambitious green energy-powered chemical manufacturing projects:

https://www.amgreen.com/
https://greenkogroup.com/
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Hriday »

https://x.com/marinebharat/status/19276 ... xGpuQ&s=19
For the first time in India’s history

Day Time Electricity Spot Price at Energy Exchange drop to ₹0 for distribution companies

Reason - Too much Solar Power

Not good in Long Term for Bharat 🇮🇳
Explanation from Grok,
https://x.com/grok/status/1927647977394 ... wD-Eg&s=19
@Yogiwasu @marinebharat Spot power prices in India dropped to ₹0 on May 25, 2025, due to excess solar power (208 GW capacity) and lower demand from unseasonal rains (peak at 215 GW). However, power cuts persist in some areas due to grid inefficiencies, with ~20% transmission losses, and a lack of storage to balance daytime solar surplus with evening demand peaks. Upgrades are underway, but challenges like regional disparities and operational issues remain.
Cyrano
BRF Oldie
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Re: India's Power Sector

Post by Cyrano »

A very enlightening discussion on India energy needs

VinodTK
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Joined: 18 Jun 2000 11:31

Re: India's Power Sector

Post by VinodTK »

2 Lakh Cyber Attacks On India's Power System During Op Sindoor: Minister
"Two lakh cyber attacks on the power system have taken place. All these attacks have been thwarted," said Union Power Minister Manohar Lal Khattar.

He was addressing a press conference on the completion of 11 years of the BJP-led Central government.

To a question by NDTV, the minister said that cyber attacks started after India launched 'Operation Sindoor' - in retaliation for the Pahalgam terror attack - and continued for 8 to 10 days.

In Jammu and Kashmir, most of the official sites, including power, were targeted, and some are still struggling to be restored. The cyber attacks have affected public services and the official functioning of various departments.

On May 7, India woke up to the news of "focused, measured and non-escalatory" strikes of the Armed Forces on the terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Nine terror launchpads were targeted within 25 minutes in the operation. The mission was named 'Operation Sindoor' - a codename to avenge the widows of the April 22 attack, wherein 26 civilians - all men - were killed in cold blood by terrorists linked to an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba.

The precision terror strikes on terror launch pads were met with Pakistani aggression. The Pakistani military tried to target several cities in India using drones and other munitions, which were "repulsed" by the Indian forces.

After four days of fighting, India and Pakistan reached an agreement to stop firing on May 10. Within hours, however, the deal was breached by Pakistan. It was responded to with a stern warning by the Armed Forces the next day: "India would retaliate fiercely to any violation in future".
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