Air Force Tejas Mk1A: News & Discussions: 02 January 2022

[uddu]

There is no sense of urgency. It shows the defensive mindset of the Govt and AF that we are not looking for power projection.

Forget the IAF, The IN can project power. They also have very capable ships. But when it comes to giving them the
power projection capability with Good Number of larger ships, the Govt is in some other world. This is achievable. No one cares. The orders are in 3's and 4's like ordering Idly during breakfast. Must be a Theetta Rappai if you need to project power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theetta_Rappai

[ashthor]

Forget the IAF, The IN can project power. They also have very capable ships. But when it comes to giving them the
power projection capability with Good Number of larger ships, the Govt is in some other world. This is achievable. No one cares. The orders are in 3's and 4's like ordering Idly during breakfast. Must be a Theetta Rappai if you need to project power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theetta_Rappai

Sirji we need the power projection for our land borders too. With too few aircraft you can only defend.
How to order in small quantities.....we have made it into a science.
Thank god there is emergency procurement. Everyone wins.

Lt. Gen Raj Shukla in Ani podcast said even the IDEX winners are not getting orders.

[uddu]

Forget the IAF, The IN can project power. They also have very capable ships. But when it comes to giving them the
power projection capability with Good Number of larger ships, the Govt is in some other world. This is achievable. No one cares. The orders are in 3's and 4's like ordering Idly during breakfast. Must be a Theetta Rappai if you need to project power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theetta_Rappai

Sirji we need the power projection for our land borders too. With too few aircraft you can only defend.
How to order in small quantities.....we have made it into a science.
Thank god there is emergency procurement. Everyone wins.

Lt. Gen Raj Shukla in Ani podcast said even the IDEX winners are not getting orders.

No indigenous weaponry is getting the orders Sirji. Instead rocks and stones are getting imported. General Vijay Kumar Singh should be made the Defense Minister. Since he won elections with massive majority in the past, no one can oppose his induction into the cabinet.

[Rakesh]

First full squadron of Tejas Mk1As (18 airframes) are ready, but only eight airframes are fitted with turbofans

In the picture below, five airframes - with turbofans - are in the first row from bottom. In the middle row, the aircraft on either end have turbofans fitted. And in the top row, the airframe at extreme right has a turbofan installed.

Image Source: https://x.com/HALHQBLR/status/2038976292796911677?s=20

[Rakesh]

First full squadron of Tejas Mk1As (18 airframes) are ready, but only eight airframes are fitted with turbofans

In the picture below, five airframes - with turbofans - are in the first row from the bottom. In the middle row, the aircraft on either end have turbofans fitted. And in the top row, the airframe at extreme right has a turbofan installed.

https://x.com/shreedharsingh9/status/20 ... 43451?s=20 ---> The entire squadron of Tejas MK1A is here, yet not a single engine one has been delivered even after four months.

https://x.com/TheArmouryBrief/status/20 ... 24305?s=20 ---> HAL has received six GE F404-IN20 engines from GE Aerospace for HAL Tejas Mk1A.

March 2025 – 1st delivery
July 2025 – 2nd
Sept 2025 – 3rd
Sept/Oct 2025 – 4th
Dec 2025 – 5th
Jan 2026 – 6th

The delivery timeline was ~2029, now likely extended to 2030+

https://x.com/alpha_defense/status/2038 ... 08833?s=20 ---> Hindustan Aeronautics Limited CMD said engine issues would be sorted by March end.

Reality on March 31:
0 engines delivered (vs 5 promised)
0 HAL Tejas Mk1A delivered to IAF (vs 5 promised)

If integration issues were already resolved, what’s still holding things up?

At this point, accountability clearly rests with HAL.

[Jay]

https://x.com/alpha_defense/status/2038 ... 08833?s=20 --->
0 engines delivered (vs 5 promised)
0 HAL Tejas Mk1A delivered to IAF (vs 5 promised)

At this point, accountability clearly rests with HAL.

Pardon me Rakesh Ji, but if the engines are not delivered by GE, shouldn't GE be held accountable and not HAL in this case?

[basant]

If I were to decide, once it reaches certain maturity, I'd happily shift engines of Mk1 to Mk1A and get on with life. The later engines could be provided to Mk1.

[Rakesh]

Pardon me Rakesh Ji, but if the engines are not delivered by GE, shouldn't GE be held accountable and not HAL in this case?

Aiyoo, no -ji for me please

And yes GE should be held accountable. However, accountability can only be enforced when you are in a position of strength or have some leverage.

What does India exactly have?

[VinodTK]

Pardon me Rakesh Ji, but if the engines are not delivered by GE, shouldn't GE be held accountable and not HAL in this case?

Aiyoo, no -ji for me please

And yes GE should be held accountable. However, accountability can only be enforced when you are in a position of strength or have some leverage.

What does India exactly have?

Jay Jee, please see the HAL issues listed at some other source CHECK
It is time to do the following two things ASAP:

- Kick out the HAL chief; make it a public event to shame him and make it a example for future leaders
- If your Program Mgt. is so poor you are responsible for the failure of the program
- Hard kick on IAF's rear end and tell them to stop changing the requirements
Did they not have the sense to provide complete requirements at the start!!!

[bala]

Nothing wrong with HAL, they are doing A OK..

HAL logs 4% rise in FY26 revenue at ₹32,250 crore

HAL operationalised its third LCA Tejas production line and second HTT-40 production line at its Nashik division to expand manufacturing capacity. Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) on Tuesday reported a 4 per cent rise in its FY26 revenue at ₹32,250 crore, compared with ₹30,981 crore posted in the previous year. The company said performance was impacted by delays in deliveries of LCA Mk1A and HTT-40 aircraft due to supply chain disruptions linked to geopolitical and technical challenges. However, higher deliveries of ALH helicopters, AL31-FP and RD-33 engines and other products supported revenue and profitability. HAL has shown resilience and maintained steady growth despite geopolitical tensions, global conflicts, and supply chain challenges in the aerospace and defence sectors. During the past year, HAL strengthened its order pipeline, expanded its manufacturing capability and diversified into the civil segment to support future growth, said DK Sunil, CMD, HAL.

According to a regulatory filing, HAL's order book stood at about ₹2.54 lakh crore as of March 31, 2026, compared with ₹1.89 lakh crore at the beginning of the year, marking an increase of 34 per cent. The state-run firm said the increase was driven by orders from the Ministry of Defence, including 97 LCA Mk1A aircraft worth ₹62,370 crore, six ALH for ₹2,704 crore and eight Dornier aircraft for ₹2,186 crore. The company said its manufacturing order book for helicopters, aircraft and engines provides revenue visibility for the next 7-8 years, while orders for repair, overhaul (ROH) and spares remain steady. Expanding capacity during the year, HAL paid an interim dividend of ₹35 per share (face value ₹ 5), amounting to ₹2,341 crore for FY26, and a final dividend of ₹15 per share for FY25, amounting to ₹ 1,003 crore, taking total dividend payout to ₹3,344 crore.

HAL operationalised its third LCA Tejas production line and second HTT-40 production line at its Nashik division to expand manufacturing capacity. The company also signed an MoU with Mishra Dhatu Nigam Ltd (MIDHANI) to establish a strategic metal bank for critical raw materials. During the year, HAL entered the civil aviation segment with the first flight of the Dhruv NG helicopter, while the first series-production HTT-40 aircraft also completed its maiden flight. As part of its diversification, HAL signed an MoU in Moscow with Public Joint Stock Company United Aircraft Corporation (PJSC-UAC) to produce the SJ-100 civil commuter aircraft. It also signed contracts with Pawan Hans Ltd to supply 10 Dhruv NG helicopters and with Jags Aviation, Guyana, to supply two Hindustan-228 aircraft, which have already been delivered ahead of schedule.

[Rakesh]

Jay Jee, please see the HAL issues listed at some other source CHECK
It is time to do the following two things ASAP:

- Kick out the HAL chief; make it a public event to shame him and make it a example for future leaders
- If your Program Mgt. is so poor you are responsible for the failure of the program
- Hard kick on IAF's rear end and tell them to stop changing the requirements
Did they not have the sense to provide complete requirements at the start!!!

Right now, the issue does not rest entirely with HAL. Yes, there is the question of the five Mk1As that HAL committed they would deliver to the customer (i.e. IAF) by the end of the current financial year (March 31st). Now that obviously did not happen. But there are 20 Tejas aircraft in that picture (one entire squadron) and only 8 of them have turbofans. Out of those eight, I believe 3 are using Cat-B engines.

If we want to GE to comply, then we must setup our own test facilities (viewtopic.php?p=2675446#p2675446) and acquire at least two Flying Test Beds (yet to happen). Compliance will only occur, when India negotiates from a position of strength. Right now, we do not have a foundation to stand on. And delays like this, only serve to further advance the cause of the purchase of 114 Rafales. Blaming France, Dassault, Thales, MBDA, etc is pointless....when the guilty parties are at home.

https://x.com/Defencecore/status/203900 ... 62440?s=20 ---> After what GE did to Tejas Mk1A, going back to them for Mk2 is concerning. I know the production line will be in India, but the issue will be the supply chain of critical parts coming from outside to sustain production and MRO. Hope MoD understands this Gap, it's better we start looking for alternatives of F404 & F414.

https://x.com/ltarvn_55/status/2039042246297932046?s=20 ---> Niggas still think there'll be a F414 production line in India, LMAO (Laughing My Ass Off). The US has destroyed the aviation industry of EVERY SINGLE ALLY, save for France because the French always kept an arm's length. Scrap Tejas Mk2, fit Kaveri + AB on Tejas, redesign AMCA and fund Ghatak FFS (For F***s Sake).

^^^^^^^^^^^^
In Europe, there are only *TWO* engine houses that produce low bypass turbofans i.e. Rolls Royce of the UK and Safran of France. In contrast, in the US, you have two major players (General Electric and Pratt & Whitney) and other players like Honeywell. In India, we have GTRE that has been largely underfunded and with zero accountability, as is the case with Govt PSUs.

While I do not agree with cancelling Tejas Mk2, it appears that will likely happen if the GE F414 deal does not go through. Announced in 2022, the deal is yet to be signed. If Tejas Mk2 is cancelled, we can kiss AMCA goodbye.

[Rakesh]

Tweet below is a forewarning....but if we do not de-link AMCA from the GE F414, the photo below (minus the turbofans) will more than likely end up as reality. If we have not learnt our lesson *NOW*, we will *NEVER EVER* learn our lesson and will continue to import. At that point, bashing the OEM is pointless. We need to get Kaveri completed and overcome that last technological hurdle.

https://x.com/Tracking_Live/status/2039 ... 71200?s=20 ---> Who knows this photo is from 2035, where HAL is posting "18 Airframes are ready" for Fifth Generation AMCA.

[Rakesh]

Delays Feared in LCA Tejas Program Amid Israel Conflict
https://alphadefense.in/index.php/2026/ ... -conflict/
29 March 2026

[Rakesh]

Pardon me Rakesh Ji, but if the engines are not delivered by GE, shouldn't GE be held accountable and not HAL in this case?

Aiyoo, no -ji for me please

And yes GE should be held accountable. However, accountability can only be enforced when you are in a position of strength or have some leverage.

What does India exactly have?

https://x.com/Tej_Intel/status/2038875896522977432?s=20 ---> Enough is enough. Why didn't HAL go ahead with force majeure/ liquidated damages - which usually is a part of contract if the delivery timelines deteriorate. Sack the bloody whole management leadership of HAL and stop their pensions - along with some babus.

https://x.com/KSingh_1469/status/203890 ... 68443?s=20 ---> Because India/HAL has 0 leverage nor alternatives. HAL/India is dependant not just on US but specifically GE for LCA MK1/2 and AMCA MK.1 engines. This is what happens when you are a beggar and don’t invest in yourself. Diversification Saar. Imports = Reliability Saar.

[ashthor]

Are O HAL kitne engine hai re.
Paanch...sardar
Wo paanch aur plane 10...aach thoo.

Remember HAL said there is no Plan B.

[uddu]

Govt, HAL, MoD, IAF can make a plan.
Rather than waste these years without flying those planes, they can bring in the already existing MK1 for modification to MK1A standard and use their engines for MK1A and fly them.

[S_Madhukar]

That display of engineless jets is a further insult from HAL like a toddler not wearing pants because he can’t get his candy!

What is our teacher RM doing ? He must know how to punish delinquents. Does MoD or IAF have a Force Majeur clause ?

Unless this is some tamasha to shame a shameless GE, break the contract and go for another engine, breaking away from the US for good

[Jay]

HAL has its own problems, with its less-than-perfect record of meeting commitments leading to delays. In this specific case, however, the fault lies with the Ministry of Defence first, the Indian Air Force second, and then Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. It is no use harping on HAL when the one item causing this delay is the engine, and HAL can do very little to influence GE Aerospace, the U.S., or "Orange Pedo" to deliver that engine on time.

The Ministry of Defence has been sleeping on this issue for ages and failed to wake up even after U.S.-India relations took a hit more than a year ago. What HAL is displaying on its tarmac is a shameful reminder of the failures of the ministry and the Indian Air Force to shield warfighting capability from supply shocks. Even now, both entities are happy to spend billions on imports while paying scant attention to the larger problem.

[Rakesh]

I really miss the MUTUs of BRF

Gems from the MIC that never sleeps! As per the news article, that sixth engine is still in the US!

GE delivers sixth F404 engine for Tejas Mk1A to HAL, cites war in Gulf for delay
https://theprint.in/defence/ge-delivers ... y/2894360/
01 April 2026

GE delivered only six engines to HAL in the last fiscal which ended Tuesday, short of the 11 promised as per the revised timeline.

[Rakesh]

IAF, HAL to hold Tejas Mk1A review this month; delivery timeline hinges on mandatory requirements
https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation ... quirements
01 April 2026

The mandatory requirements include completion of missile firing trials, integration of the radar with the electronic warfare suite and validation of the full weapons package.

[Bharadwaj]

Fwiw Hal CMD on the present status of mk1a. I honestly have given up whatever hope I had.

https://x.com/ANI/status/2039625876888035554

[uddu]

Put Uttam on it and move on. Unncessarily wasting time and efforts in improving a foreign radar.

Fwiw Hal CMD on the present status of mk1a. I honestly have given up whatever hope I had.

https://x.com/ANI/status/2039625876888035554

@ANI
#WATCH | Delhi: On LCA Mark 1A, HAL CMD Chairman Dr DK Sunil says, "The presentation we made in December to the Air Force, we presented all the achievements...So, predominantly, there were a couple of things which we still need to do, some improvements in radar; some of the performances...So, this is what we are going back in May to say that if this has been done. Then the Air Force will take a call...I think we should then have deliveries of these aircraft."

[Rakesh]

Saar, your wish came true What would be nice to know is the figure of the liquidated damages in relation to the unit cost of the engine.

Pardon me Rakesh Ji, but if the engines are not delivered by GE, shouldn't GE be held accountable and not HAL in this case?

https://x.com/manupubby/status/2039595883793383518?s=20 ---> HAL says that it has imposed Liquidated Damages on GE Aviation for delay in deliveries of F 404 engines for the Light Combat Aircraft. Penalties being imposed on each delayed engine bring delivered.

https://x.com/manupubby/status/2039596259955343707?s=20 ---> HAL says it expects at least 20 F 404 engines to be delivered in the second half of this year. Six have already been delivered.

[Bharadwaj]

The full HAL outgoing-CMD interview (unless he gets an extension) for your viewing pleasure. They are serious about the Su-57 too.

HAL CMD opens up on delay in LCA Mark 1A, Su-57 Russia projects due to Iran war

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited CMD has addressed delays in the LCA Tejas Mark 1A program and ongoing discussions around Sukhoi Su-57 projects, citing global supply chain disruptions amid the Iran war. Engine delivery delays from international suppliers and geopolitical tensions are impacting timelines. Here’s a detailed breakdown of how the West Asia conflict is affecting India’s defence manufacturing and fighter jet programs.

[Rakesh]

https://x.com/manupubby/status/2039595883793383518?s=20 ---> HAL says that it has imposed Liquidated Damages on GE Aviation for delay in deliveries of F 404 engines for the Light Combat Aircraft. Penalties being imposed on each delayed engine bring delivered.

https://x.com/_TheUnknown007_/status/20 ... 53258?s=20 ---> TEJAS IS DEAD WITHOUT OUR OWN ENGINE!

GE Aerospace has an order book of $190 billion dollars according to their latest annual report, against which India has an order of only $1.7 billion dollars. So imposing penalties on GE does nothing except giving self-satisfaction, because for GE those penalties are just rounding errors.

In reality, GE will keep selling snake oil with promises like, "By next quarter we will deliver more engines." But nothing will change, because the US does not want the Tejas programme to succeed. The US wants India into buying the junk F-35 or other American jets, so they will either not give the engines or will deliver them after so much delay that Tejas production will never pick up momentum. The reason is simple. GE works as per what the White House or Pentagon wants because they are not independent. The CIA and Pentagon have a long standing policy where they retire their employees voluntarily or post retirement give them money to open private companies or take up board positions in companies that help them indirectly control other companies.

Now if you look at GE Aerospace's Board of Directors you will find General Darren McDew, a retired four star General of the US Air Force, sitting on GE Aerospace's Board of Directors. McDew was the former Military Aide to the President, led the Air Force's US Senate Office, and was former Vice Director of Strategic Plans and Policy for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. And Wesley Bush, former Chairman and CEO of Northrop Grumman, one of the largest Pentagon contractors in the world, also sits on GE Aerospace's Board of Directors.

So if the GoI and HAL still think they will get engines on time and that imposing penalties will pressure GE into timely delivery, they are living in a delusion. Tejas is done until India has its own engine, because the US will never let Tejas production pick up pace. The only way out is what I outlined in yesterday tweet also.

[Rakesh]

The full HAL outgoing-CMD interview (unless he gets an extension) for your viewing pleasure. They are serious about the Su-57 too.

See the irony here. CMD (Chief Managing Director) of a Govt PSU - advocating for a non-Atmanirbharata product (Su-57) - just because they did not get the AMCA contract. And thank goodness, this over-bloated PSU was not short listed by the MoD for the AMCA.

[Bharadwaj]

Put Uttam on it and move on. Unncessarily wasting time and efforts in improving a foreign radar.

The Uttam and the EW pod combo have not yet reached certification. HAL should have gone with the Thales offer which would have meant a proven combo for the first batch.The IAF IMO would have also been very happy to have a mini Rafale. IMO, LRDE should have been given the budget bandwidth to modify and operate some of the early LSP aircraft at their will to ease the certification process for Uttam and Angad.

[uddu]

Put Uttam on it and move on. Unncessarily wasting time and efforts in improving a foreign radar.

The Uttam and the EW pod combo have not yet reached certification. HAL should have gone with the Thales offer which would have meant a proven combo for the first batch.The IAF IMO would have also been very happy to have a mini Rafale. IMO, LRDE should have been given the budget bandwidth to modify and operate some of the early LSP aircraft at their will to ease the certification process for Uttam and Angad.

A make in India snub
https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-f ... 2025-06-28
07 July 2025

CEMILAC stated that the Uttam radar had completed four phases of flight trials. Additionally, the radar hardware had undergone qualification tests according to the LCA Mk1A’s requirements. To facilitate the induction of the radar, CEMILAC recommended commencing production of the radar subsystems, with HAL’s avionics division in Hyderabad serving as the lead system integrator.

Meanwhile during development
However, a senior DRDO official says that flight trials of the radar and development of the EW suite faced numerous hurdles. Developing cutting-edge systems from scratch with industry partners is a huge challenge. Secondly, DRDO’s access to only older Tejas LCA aircraft hindered progress. In contrast, foreign manufacturers were provided with two LCA Mk1A prototypes.

[Rakesh]

^^^ Govt PSU conducting anti-Atmanirbharata activities. How nice!

[Bharadwaj]

Uddu Ji I am aware of that little issue which is why I said budget to modify and fly at will. Interestingly the single seater bird next to the trainer in the above photos has a very different looking radome- wonder what's going on there. Is that the local radome as opposed to the cobham?

[VinodTK]

The full HAL outgoing-CMD interview (unless he gets an extension) for your viewing pleasure. They are serious about the Su-57 too.

HAL CMD opens up on delay in LCA Mark 1A, Su-57 Russia projects due to Iran war

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited CMD has addressed delays in the LCA Tejas Mark 1A program and ongoing discussions around Sukhoi Su-57 projects, citing global supply chain disruptions amid the Iran war. Engine delivery delays from international suppliers and geopolitical tensions are impacting timelines. Here’s a detailed breakdown of how the West Asia conflict is affecting India’s defence manufacturing and fighter jet programs.

The CMD is:

• Very naive still keeps repeating 20 engines are expected

• Standard departure trick provide some feel good numbers and put the succesor on the spot

• Why does he wait for every deadline date to come and go with no deliveries then provide some excuse

• Why are no periodic updates provided; how many issues are on HAL side other then the engine

• Hope the door does not hits his back side on the way out

• An independent audit of HAL should be conducted and a report presented in the parliament in 90

• In the end RM is responsible for the current situation, he should take responsibility for the situation do the rightful thing

• If SU 57 is picked HAL should not be part of the manufacturing

[uddu]

https://x.com/i/status/2039960444786622606
@rahulsinghx
US engine maker's first reaction in today's paper to the damages imposed on it:

“GE Aerospace values its longstanding partnership with HAL and India. Working closely with HAL and our other partners to ensure clear line of sight of production schedules for the F404 engines."

[Rakesh]

HAL penalises US firm GE Aerospace for delays in Tejas Mk1A engine supplies
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/t ... 2026-04-03
03 April 2026

HAL had placed an order worth approximately USD 700 million for a total of 99 F404-IN20 engines to power the Tejas Mk1A fighter jets. Engine supplies were scheduled to begin in 2024. However, only six engines have been delivered so far.

[Manish_P]

HAL penalises US firm GE Aerospace for delays in Tejas Mk1A engine supplies
...

USA - Force Majeure

India - Air Force Majboor

[bala]

The Indian orgs do not realize that GE delays are a deliberate plan to slow down things for India. Invoking clause etc is not the point. The sooner MoD understands (mainly babus) this the better for India. When you are becoming #3 in the world the dynamics change drastically. India has to have indigenous IDDM capability in all spheres, forget the slogan that you need not have it all. Every vulnerability will be exploited by the top dogs.

Engines in general are a weak area for India. Only in nuclear submarines India has some capability, all other areas are lacking. Engines should be national priority #1.

[Prem Kumar]

GE will deliver enough engines to keep hopes flickering, so that we don't abandon and go full Atmanirbhar on Kaveri

But will delay enough to stall/kill the Mk1a, Mk2 and AMCA programs

The only way out is to triple-down on homegrown Kaveri (not the Snecma carrot-joke), make it a national mission and invest billions. This is the "grow-up moment" when we go from being boys to men

But with the current dispensation, I don't see us realizing this. We still want to baniya-import the easy way out of this

Sorry to say, but Modi is no Xeng

[Manish_P]

The Indian orgs do not realize that GE delays are a deliberate plan to slow down things for India. Invoking clause etc is not the point. The sooner MoD understands (mainly babus) this the better for India....

Bala Ji, do you really think that our Babus, grand masters of the art of stalling, don't understand the deliberate delay tactics from the US.

Why do you think we continue to wine and dine the expensive French and the subpar Russians.

[Manish_P]

....
But with the current dispensation, I don't see us realizing this. We still want to baniya-import the easy way out of this

Sorry to say, but Modi is no Xeng

Modi is no Xeng because democratic India is not communist China.

You cannot build an impregnable fortress when each of the four walls (the politicians, the beauracracy, the judiciary and the media) have pillars which are compromised.

Just refer to the recent article by our ex NSA Shiv Shankar Menon who is on the board of Trustees of International Crisis Group. His fellow members there being a certain Mr. George Soros and his heir apparent son.

[drnayar]

Moral of the story

US is not a trusted partner. Never was.

All their collaboration is but a show to derail, upend and sabotage.

As famously said they will never allow rise of a rival power.

India will do better if it gets on the bandwagon of going by actions instead of words and "trust" but verify.

As a corollary US is soon going to find it has no friends left.

[bala]

Bala Ji, do you really think that our Babus, grand masters of the art of stalling, don't understand the deliberate delay tactics from the US.
Why do you think we continue to wine and dine the expensive French and the subpar Russians.

Manish ji, the Babus of India require a complete revamp of IAS/IFS/IPS etc. Btw, we have to separate these streams since it requires different skill sets up front not a common exam. If India does not undertake reforms in babucracy and judiciary then India is doomed to forever running from 1 crisis to another and chalta-hai wont work when you are #3. Just as India was able to create a fintech product in UPI, we need induction of modern workflow mgmt software for task assignment and completion with strict enforcement across the board of Govt. Judiciary can induct AI to solve 90% cases within minutes not days/months/years/decades. With such systems we can remove more than half the people infesting these depts.