International Nuclear Watch & Discussion

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Anujan
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Post by Anujan »

Rye wrote:How is this whole implementation/enforcement of test ban even possible if Countries develop technology that does the following.
Rye-saar,
The time lag between the waveforms reaching various stations can be used to triangulate the epicenter of any earthquake. If two epicenters are triangulated at the same time, people will find out the Jugaad.

Post test activity on testing sites (determined through triangulation) can be picked up by satellites. Air sampling can give out tell-tale radiation signatures.

Also Nuke-bum signatures are way different from earthquake signatures. One superimposed on other can be detected. A better idea will be to fly a bum on chandraayan and detonate it on the dark side of the moon.
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Post by Anujan »

So they are going to work towards universal nuclear disarmament and voluntarily give up their bums and recognize Iran's right to enrichment technology for peaceful energy purposes ? yay ! :roll:
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Post by Rye »

lakhsmic wrote:
Also Nuke-bum signatures are way different from earthquake signatures.
lakhsmic-saar,
Not really looking at "should we test bum or not" question at all.

Just wondering whether the P-5 claims (As in the Russian article) of having a fool-proof verifiable system is true or not.
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Extensive Nuclear Missile Deployment Area Discovered in Central China
Analysis of new commercial satellite photos has identified an extensive deployment area with nearly 60 launch pads for medium-range nuclear ballistic missiles in Central China near Delingha and Da Qaidam.
From these launch pads DF-21 missiles would be within range of southern Russia and northern India (including New Delhi), but not Japan, Taiwan or Guam.
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Over budget and behind schedule, reactor replacement axed
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. has shelved plans to build a replacement for a reactor that produces vital medical isotopes, in part because the project was millions of dollars over budget and years behind schedule.
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US unveils deals with Saudi on nuclear power, oil protection
Fri May 16, 9:13 AM ET
RIYADH (AFP) - The White House announced major new cooperation agreements with Saudi Arabia on Friday as US President George W. Bush made his second visit to the oil superpower this year.

The agreements cover cooperation on civil nuclear power and protecting the kingdom's oil infrastructure which has come under attack by Islamist militants.

"The Saudis bear a special responsibility for protecting key energy facilities of global importance and the world benefits from their abundant energy supplies," a White House statement said.

"Our global economy depends greatly on Saudi Arabian energy. The United States has a keen interest in helping the Saudis protect their energy infrastructure against terrorism, as demonstrated by the unsuccessful terrorist attack against the kingdom's Abqaiq plants in February 2006," it said.


"To this end, the United States and Saudi Arabia have agreed to cooperate in safeguarding the kingdom's energy resources by protecting key infrastructure, enhancing Saudi border security, and meeting Saudi Arabia's expanding energy needs in an environmentally responsible manner."

Saudi Arabia sits on around a quarter of the world's oil reserves and is by far its biggest producer with an output of some nine million barrerls per day.

The White House said Washington and Riyadh were also to sign an agreement on nuclear cooperation that would clear the way for Saudi Arabia to receive enriched uranium for its reactors, without the need to master the fuel nuclear cycle itself as Iran has done.

"This agreement will pave the way for Saudi Arabia's access to safe, reliable fuel sources for energy reactors and demonstrate Saudi leadership as a positive non-proliferation model for the region," it said.

Washington charges that Iran's nuclear programme is cover for a drive to develop an atomic weapon, a charge denied by Tehran.

Uranium enrichment, the process which can produce for fuel for nuclear power stations -- or, in highly extended form, the fissile core of an atomic bomb -- lies at the centre of US concerns.
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Post by Arun_S »

US accused Iran of malafid intent when it accused Iran of stilling on huge oil reserve then what is the need for nuclear power for Iran.

Now for S.Arabia the same logic does nto apply.

S. Aribia is locted in Heaven, and Iran lives in Devil Land :twisted: :twisted:

Or Sunni Arabia and Evanjihadi USA are Allied to scratch each others back.
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SA has shown how to build 'the bomb'
Venter describes the six devices that were eventually constructed as "clumsy and over-large", noting that "some pundits have described them as 'museum pieces'".

They were "gun-type" weapons, in which a large slug of uranium was fired into a uranium sphere to achieve critical mass, and were of the same type as the "Little Boy" atom bomb dropped by the US on Hiroshima in August 1945.

The "elegance of design" so beloved by engineers was sometimes lacking. Indeed, there was more than a whiff of 'n boer maak 'n plan. But the devices were certainly deliverable, initially by the squadron of modified British-built Buccaneer strike aircraft operated by the South African Air Force (SAAF).
Despite equivocation - continuing to this day - it now seems clear a nuclear device was tested in the South Atlantic Ocean on September 22, 1979. As much was admitted by Aziz Pahad, the deputy foreign minister, in 1997.
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Post by Neshant »

why does not India get in on this given India's good relationship with Vietnam.

----------
Japan offers Vietnam help to launch nuclear power

http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NP-Ja ... 05084.html
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Post by Philip »

Like that old song "how do you solve a problem like Maria",from the musical "The Sound of Music",so also how do you solve the problem of Iran and its nuclear ambitions,some
of which are legitimate,as it is a signatory to international nuclear treaties.According to this report after Iran's nuclear enrichment programme continuing,other nations have started their nuclear programmes too.Looming in the bakground for Arab/Islamic states is the fear of Israel,an unofficial acknowledged nuclear power,whom the Iranians and other Islamic states quote to justify their home programmes.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstop ... -East.html

Iran sets off nuclear race in the Middle East
By David Blair, Diplomatic Editor
Last Updated: 12:49AM BST 21/05/2008
Iran's neighbours began their nuclear programmes within months of Tehran's decision to start enriching uranium, according to a new report.

Iran's stance has raised widespread doubts about its real intentions under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's leadership
In the 11 months that followed the onset of this procedure in Iran in 2006, 13 countries across the Middle East drew up new plans – or revived old ones – for building nuclear power stations.

The International Institute for Strategic Studies believes they were acting "in the shadow of Iran" and preparing for Tehran's possible entry into the nuclear weapons club.

All the proposed nuclear programmes are civilian schemes designed to generate electricity. At present, there is no question of any international safeguards being breached. Yet if Iran were to test a nuclear bomb, every country in the Middle East would be forced to re-assess its defence policies.

The IISS report argues that Arab countries may have embarked on civil nuclear programmes in order to acquire the option of building a bomb in the future.

"Iran's programme could become a powerful regional proliferation driver, building on regional rivalry, security concerns and one-upmanship," said John Chipman, the IISS chief executive.

"For the time being, these considerations are contributing to a regional surge in interest in nuclear energy. The question is how to keep this interest confined to purely civilian nuclear programmes."

By continuing to enrich uranium, Iran is breaking four United Nations resolutions, including three that have imposed economic sanctions on the regime. While Iran says its motives are peaceful, this highly sensitive procedure is classic "dual use" technology.

Enriching uranium could either produce fuel for nuclear power stations – or weapons-grade uranium for building warheads which could be delivered within a 930-mile radius using existing missiles.

Iran's stance has raised widespread doubts about its real intentions under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's leadership.

The IISS believes that Tehran is seeking a "nuclear weapons capability". Arab countries have a long history of rivalry with Persian Iran. In particular, the Sunni monarchies of the Gulf are deeply suspicious of Tehran's revolutionary Shia regime. They blame Iran for stirring unrest among their own Shia populations.

Saudi Arabia, the leading Sunni power, would be especially disturbed by a nuclear-armed Iran.

But the IISS believes that Egypt, which already possesses a solid grounding in nuclear technology, could be the first to build a bomb. "If any country in the region were to follow Iran in developing a latent nuclear weapons capability, however, Egypt may be the most likely candidate," said Mr Chipman.

Israel, which has had nuclear weapons for about 40 years, would also be forced to reappraise its position. Mr Ahmadinejad has pledged to wipe the Jewish state "from the pages of history".

Officially, Israel maintains a calculated ambiguity about its nuclear arsenal, neither confirming nor denying its existence. In practice, Israel has between 100 and 200 warheads, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Mark Fitzpatrick, an IISS fellow, said that Israel might respond to a nuclear-armed Iran by formally announcing its possession of a nuclear deterrent.

This dramatic step would have grave repercussions in the Middle East.

Arab governments would come under still greater pressure to build nuclear weapons of their own. In this way, a nuclear arms race, begun by Iran and fuelled by Israel, could unfold in the world's most volatile region.

But the IISS said that most Arab countries had begun their nuclear power ambitions "from a very low base", lacking essential technology and trained scientists. There was still time to "put in place a robust regime" of safeguards to prevent any civilian programme from being used as a cover to build a bomb.

But the unavoidable danger was that civilian nuclear plans would generate the "infrastructure" and a "cadre" of trained scientists that could be put to military use.
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Post by Arun_S »

Mercyful God blows hole in the facility that Pakistan got their Islamic Bum after the first days ful of fizzle in Chagai.

China orders vulnerable nuclear weapon plants to be on disaster alert

[quote]May 18, 2008
From The Sunday Times
Dean Nelson

CHINA has ordered its atomic weapons industry to be ready for an “environmental emergencyâ€
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More good news.
China on alert for nuclear accidents after quake
In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, a man is rescued from the debris of a collapsed building 97 hours after Monday's earthquake in Beichuan County, in southwest China's Sichuan Province, Friday, May 16, 2008. In this photo released by China's Xinhua News Agency, a man is rescued from the debris of a collapsed building 97 hours after Monday's earthquake in Beichuan County, in southwest China's Sichuan Province, Friday, May 16, 2008. (AP Photo/Xinhua, Li Xiaoguo)
Email|Print|Single Page| Text size – + By Anita Chang
Associated Press Writer / May 17, 2008

BEIJING—China's nuclear safety agency had ordered staffers to be prepared for an environmental emergency the day after a massive earthquake jolted a region that includes several key atomic sites.

France's nuclear watchdog has said some of China's nuclear facilities sustained minor damage in Monday's magnitude 7.9 earthquake, though no Chinese government Web sites viewed Saturday mentioned any damage.

China's Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, part of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, activated emergency plans the day after the quake and told all emergency personnel to be on standby in case of nuclear accidents, the center said in an announcement on its Web site.

Officials were in close contact with safety stations throughout the region and were monitoring operational data from nuclear power plants, the undated announcement said. The safety of drinking water was a top priority.

"With the deepening of the relief work, the main task is to prevent secondary environmental disasters and guarantee the safety of the environment in disaster areas," the Ministry of Environmental Protection said in a separate statement Friday.

The French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety said Chinese authorities "reacted well" to the quake and immediately shut down nuclear sites for inspection.

Thierry Charles, the group's director of plant safety, said China's nuclear safety agency, NNSA, had reported no leaks of radioactivity since the quake.

He said Friday the Chinese reported "light damage" to older nuclear facilities that were being dismantled before the quake, noting that seismic construction codes were less strict when those sites were built. China did not specify which facilities had damage, he said.

Phones calls to China's Ministry of Environmental Protection and its Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center went unanswered Saturday. A man who answered the phone at the ministry's Nuclear Safety Department said he had no information.

China has a research reactor, two nuclear fuel production sites and two atomic weapons sites in Sichuan province, where the quake struck, the French agency said. All were 40 to 90 miles from the epicenter.

French authorities do not yet have a full picture of any possible damage at the nuclear weapons sites, where information is more closely guarded, Charles said.

He said he didn't think there were any leaks because it would have been reported and the worst concern was the degradation of buildings.

Nuclear experts said there were several possibilities if any significant damage occurred at the plants, at least one of which is alongside a river. A radioactive leak could cause environmental harm, while internal damage could set back China's nuclear modernization, they said.

Mianyang, an industrial city of 700,000 people that is the headquarters of China's nuclear weapons design industry, was in the disaster area.

A switchboard operator at the site, which has been likened to the U.S. nuclear facility at Los Alamos, N.M., said Saturday that people there were at work.

China's largest plutonium production reactor is also in the quake zone at Guangyuan.

Hans Kristensen, a nuclear arms expert at the Federation of American Scientists, said the Guangyuan reactor is "at the center of China's fissile material production" and damage "would disrupt China's warhead maintenance capabilities.

Matthew Bunn, a senior researcher at Harvard University's Project on Managing the Atom, said the risk of radioactive leaks depended mostly on how the facilities were designed, details of which are known only by the Chinese government.

------

Associated Press Writers Lily Hindy, Angela Charlton and Foster Klug contributed to this report.
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Post by ramana »

So all NPA experts are reassuring folks that PRC stuff is quite safe? Wow thieves gather to prop up their own. When all are so reassuring definitely black lentils.
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McCain outlines stance on nuclear weapons
he would pursue a new arms control agreement with the Russians and that he supported a legally binding accord between the two nations to replace verification requirements in the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or START, which will expire in 2009.
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Post by Gerard »

Nuclear exposure on the River Wye
If that's the case, then Israel has built an estimated 150 more bombs since 1981, putting the size of Israel's nuclear arsenal at some 300 bombs. But this is merely an intellectual exercise. What is truly important is the fact that a former American president has exposed Israel as a nuclear power.
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NYTimes :: Nuclear Warning From Iran’s Speaker
May 28, 2008
Iran’s Speaker Would Limit U.N. Access
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Filed at 6:28 a.m. ET

TEHRAN, Iran (AP) -- Iran's new parliament speaker warned Wednesday that Tehran could impose new limits on its cooperation with the U.N. nuclear watchdog after a critical report from the agency.

Ali Larijani, formerly the country's top nuclear negotiator, was overwhelmingly elected as parliament speaker Wednesday. Moments later, he told parliament that a new report by the International Atomic Energy Agency was ''deplorable.''

The unusually strongly worded report issued Monday said Iran may be withholding information needed to establish whether it tried to make nuclear weapons.

''We recommend them not to clandestinely keep passing Iran's nuclear dossier between the IAEA and 5-plus-1 group. This parliament won't allow such deception,'' Larijani told an open session of parliament broadcast live on state-run radio.

He was referring to IAEA reports and permanent members of the U.N. Security Council plus Germany. The council has imposed three sets of sanctions against Iran for its refusal to halt enriching uranium -- a process that can be used to generate electricity or nuclear arms.

''Should this behavior continue, the parliament ... will set new limits on cooperation with the IAEA,'' Larijani said.

His comments drew chants of ''God is great'' and ''Death to America'' from the chamber.

The tone of the IAEA report suggesting Tehran continues to stonewall the U.N. nuclear monitor revealed a glimpse of the frustration felt by agency investigators stymied in their attempts to gain full answers to suspicious aspects of Iran's past nuclear activities.

Iran has previously described its cooperation with the agency's probe as positive, suggesting it was providing information requested by agency officials.

In the past, Iran had extensive voluntary cooperation with the IAEA beyond its obligations under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, including allowing IAEA inspectors to visit its military sites as a goodwill gesture to build trust.

But Tehran ended all voluntary cooperation with the IAEA, including allowing snap inspections of its nuclear facilities, in February 2006 after being reported to the U.N. Security Council.

Ever since, Iran has limited its cooperation to only its obligations under the NPT. The treaty does not require Iran to allow short notice intrusive inspections of its facilities.

Larijani didn't specify what measures the parliament would take, but it could include further scaling back cooperation by not responding to questions originating from Western intelligence agencies.
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NYTimes :: McCain, Bush largely similar on nuclear policies
May 28, 2008
McCain, Bush largely similar on nuclear policies
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Filed at 9:13 p.m. ET

WASHINGTON (AP) -- John McCain's nuclear proposals are largely in line with those of the unpopular President Bush, and even where the two disagree, the Republican presidential candidate has waffled.

Like the president, McCain favors extending arms control deals with Russia, opening strategic nuclear talks with China and pressing on multiple fronts to limit the spread of nuclear arms technologies.

The most notable difference is perhaps the Arizona Republican's declaration that he dreams of seeing nuclear weapons eliminated. Yet even on that point McCain equivocated by also stating in his nuclear policy speech Tuesday that ''we must continue to deploy a safe and reliable nuclear deterrent.''

McCain seemed to signal that stopping the illicit spread of nuclear arms technology would be more of a priority in his White House than it has under Bush, calling it a ''crisis'' that cannot be ended by military action alone.

McCain split with Bush by advocating the total withdrawal of U.S. and Russian short-range nuclear weapons in Europe, although the only such U.S. weapons there are a small number of aerial bombs. The vast majority of U.S. tactical nuclear arms in Europe were ordered out by the first President Bush.

McCain also proposed reviving a treaty banning the testing of nuclear weapons, which the Senate rejected during the Clinton administration and which the Bush White House did not attempt to resurrect.

McCain said he would ''cancel all further work'' on development of a new earth-penetrating nuclear weapon that the Bush administration had proposed but abandoned more than two years ago. The senator did not explicitly say whether he would support reviving any element of nuclear arms production.

''I would only support the development of any new type of nuclear weapon that is absolutely essential for the viability of our deterrent, that results in making possible further decreases in the size of our nuclear arsenal and furthers our global nuclear security goals,'' McCain said.

The broad scope of McCain's vision on nuclear policy appears similar in many important ways to that of Bush, whose administration conducted an in-depth review of nuclear issues shortly after it took office. In a report published in January 2002, that review concluded that nuclear weapons ''play a critical role in the defense capabilities of the United States'' in support of its friends and allies.

In many respects the McCain approach mirrored Bush's:

-- He said he would seek to reduce the size of the U.S. nuclear arsenal ''to the lowest level we judge necessary,'' but he mentioned no numbers. The Bush administration in 2002 worked out a deal with Moscow to shrink the number of deployed U.S. strategic nuclear warheads to between 1,700 and 2,200 by 2012. According to the private nuclear expert Robert S. Norris, as of January that number stood at about 3,575, so substantial further reductions are already in the works.

-- The language he used to qualify his call for further cuts was strikingly similar to that of the current administration. McCain favored reducing U.S. nuclear weapons to the ''lowest number possible, consistent with our security requirements and global commitments.'' In a 2002 document describing the arms accord with Moscow, Bush said the two countries agreed to reduce nuclear weapons to the ''lowest possible levels, consistent with their national security requirements and alliance obligations.''

-- He called for a new arms control agreement with Russia, which he said should reflect the nuclear reductions he would seek. He provided no particulars. He said it should be possible to agree with Russia on binding rules for verifying additional nuclear weapons reductions, and he said those verification measures should be based on those currently in effect under a treaty that expires in 2009. The Bush administration initially opposed making such measures binding but recently relented to Moscow's insistence on that point.

McCain said that if elected he would order the Joint Chiefs of Staff to review all aspects of U.S. nuclear strategy and policy, and that he would ''keep an open mind on all responsible proposals.''

He expressed support for further developing U.S. defenses against ballistic missiles, a program that has been a cornerstone of the Bush administration's national security strategy.

In other respects McCain's proposals were closer to the Bush view than McCain seemed to suggest.

For example, he said, ''I believe we should also begin a dialogue with China on strategic and nuclear issues.'' Such talks are already under way, although at an early stage and with minimal result so far.
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Post by Philip »

Khan confesses...that he lied for Gen.Bandiocoot!

AQ Khan,farher of poak's nculear bomb,has spilt the beans,as if we didn't know all about it,that he alone was responsible for Pk's nucler proliferation.The US and Pak secretly covered up Pak's perfidy and made Khan the fall guy. Khan has now ripped the lid off and also says that the west also helped Pak with technology!

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/ma ... an.nuclear

Disgraced atomic scientist disowns confession· Father of Pakistan's bomb rejects smuggling claim

· Khan defiant in first talk to western media since 2004
Declan Walsh in Islamabad The Guardian, Friday May 30 2008 Article history

Supporters of Pakistan Muslim League-N party hold a picture of disgraced nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan as they gather near a replica of Chaghi mountain, where the nuclear tests were conducted. Photograph: Reuters/Faisal Mahmood

For four years Abdul Qadeer Khan, the father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb, has lived in the shadows, confined to his Islamabad home since a tearful televised confession in which he admitted selling nuclear technology to Iran, North Korea and Libya. But yesterday the 76-year-old scientist returned to the spotlight with a bold new twist: that he had not meant a word of his earlier admission.

In his first western media interview since 2004, Khan said the confession had been forced upon him by President Pervez Musharraf. "It was not of my own free will. It was handed into my hand," he told the Guardian. More worryingly, he swore never to cooperate with investigators from the International Atomic Energy Agency, despite persistent fears that nuclear technology traded by his accomplices could fall into terrorist hands.

"Why should I talk to them?" he said. "I am under no obligation. We are not a signatory to the NPT [nuclear non-proliferation treaty]. I have not violated international laws." He said details of his clandestine nuclear supply network were "my internal affair and my country's affair".

Despite numerous requests from the IAEA and the US government, Pakistan has refused access to Khan, who is still considered a national hero. A spokesman at the UN watchdog's headquarters in Vienna declined to respond to his comments.

Until this week Khan had been unseen and largely unheard since his February 2004 appearance on state television, in which he said he had hawked the country's nuclear know-how abroad. He offered his "deepest regrets and unqualified apologies". Since then Khan has been confined to his villa below the Margalla Hills in Islamabad, where he lives with his wife, Henny. He was initially subjected to tight restrictions. Telephone calls were monitored, internet access was forbidden and visitors were turned away by soldiers camped at his gate. He was allowed to leave the house in August 2006 only for a cancer operation in Karachi, which was successful.

But as Musharraf's powers have ebbed over the past year, so have the ties on Khan been loosened. First he was allowed to have lunch with close friends, then last month he gave his first interview from his house arrest to a local Urdu language newspaper. Now he hopes that the newly elected prime minister, Yousaf Raza Gilani, will set him free.

"As long as you are living there is always hope," he said, adding that he would wait for pressing economic and political crises to pass. In reality, he may be waiting for Musharraf to be forced out.

Yesterday the military dismissed speculation, prompted by changes in the army command, that Musharraf was about to quit as president. "A section of press is trying to sensationalise routine functional matters," said a spokesman.

Khan has emerged as Pakistan celebrates the 10th anniversary of the 1998 test that catapulted the volatile nation into the nuclear club. Speaking by telephone, he displayed the mix of defiant nationalism and religious ardour that has endeared him to many Pakistanis.

Reports that nuclear technology was smuggled abroad were "western rubbish", he said, and unfavourable accounts of his life were "shit piles". He brusquely dismissed nicknames such as "the Merchant of Menace" from a Time magazine cover.

"It doesn't bother me at all. They don't like our God, they don't like our prophet, they don't like our holy book, the Qur'an. So how could they like me?" he said.

He dismissed reports that he owned 43 houses in Islamabad, had many bank accounts and owned a $10m hotel in Timbuktu, Mali. "The journalists should have gone and seen - it was an eight-room mud-brick house where the poor people reside," he said, referring to the latter. Asked if he was rich he answered: "Never was, never will be."

International nuclear investigators and the Pakistani government paint a very different picture. In 2005, Musharraf confirmed that Khan had supplied North Korea with centrifuges used to enrich uranium. This week the IAEA board received further confirmation linking Pakistan with Iran's controversial nuclear programme.

Khan said yesterday that nuclear technology was freely available in the west to Iran or North Korea. "They were supplying to us, they were supplying to them ... [to] anyone who could pay," he said.

But for all his defiant talk, one subject remains out of bounds for Khan. Supporters claim he was made a scapegoat for Pakistani generals involved in nuclear trading. Khan refuses to discuss the issue. "I don't want to talk about it. Those things are to forget about," he said.

He denied speculation he had hidden evidence of military collusion with his daughter, Dina, who lives in London. "MI6 has spoken to my daughter, they have been to her house. I did not keep any official papers in my house or anywhere," he said.

Khan directed Pakistan's nuclear enrichment programme for 25 years. Born in pre-partition India - his family moved to Pakistan after 1947 - his passion for developing a nuclear bomb was driven by hatred of his country of birth.

Khan is worshipped as a hero at home, but the former CIA director George Tenet described him as "at least as dangerous as Osama bin Laden", and fears of the damage wreaked by his smuggling network were realised when North Korea exploded a nuclear device in October 2006.

In Musharraf's 2006 memoir, he said he sacked Khan after learning that he was "up to mischief".

Khan blames this on the "self-seekers and sycophants" around Musharraf, who had allowed Pakistan to become a "banana republic".

Backstory
The quest for a Pakistani nuclear bomb was launched by Benazir Bhutto's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, in 1972. "You men here will make it for me and for Pakistan," he told a secret meeting of scientists and generals. Bhutto's motive was to counter India's more developed programme. His secret asset was metallurgist AQ Khan who, while working in a Dutch nuclear laboratory, smuggled secrets home. Khan returned to head the programme in 1976. Pakistan exploded its first nuclear device in 1998. The army has an estimated 50 nuclear warheads.
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Post by ramana »

Niazi's fake pistol and now this AQK fake confession. Do Pakis ever tell the truth?
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