Second Round of Talks (January 1963): Page 83-84
At this second round of talks, diplomatic dueling continued as the two sides seriously discussed the principles on which a boundary in Kashmir could be drawn. The Pakistanis suggested that these should include the composition of the population, security requirements, and control of the rivers, factors they thought would give them the most territory. The Indians, for their part, said that any territorial adjustment considered necessary should take into account geographical, administrative, and other considerations, and involve the least possible disturbance to the life and welfare of the Kashmiris. This last point was very much to India's advantage; it was widely expected that transfer to Pakistan of Indian-held areas in the Valley and elsewhere would lead to the wholesale flight of their non-Muslim residents. The Indians also warned, as they had before, that such a transfer would lead to serious anti-Muslim violence in India proper. In a joint statement that was not made public, the two sides agreed that a settlement should include the delineation of an international border between India and Pakistan in Kashmir. The disengagement of the two countries' forces in and around Kashmir would be an essential part of such a settlement. The delegations undertook to present maps showing their sides' concepts of the boundary at the next session, to be held in Karachi in early February.
American policymakers believed that the third negotiating round would be crucial. They became increasingly convinced that if India and Pakistan failed to make a breakthrough at that session the United States and Britain would have to develop a proposal of their own. (US Ambassador to India) Galbraith welcomed this prospect. Both before the negotiations began and while they were in progress, he had urged Washington to adopt a more active role, only to be rebuffed. He found that the current approach of "urging the Indians to be forthcoming and the Pakistanis to be patient and backing this with an appeal to this self-interest plus the awe and majesty of the United States" was wearing thin. McConaughy agreed with his assessment.