RajeshA wrote:Well there was some paranoia in the Muslims when they started to voice the demand for a separate nation - they were paranoid about the Hindu domination.
Rajesh, there has been two types of paranoia, one widespread and the other due to clever articulation by a few. That, progressive loss of power rankled Indian Muslim minds in the nineteenth century is putative. That, measures were taken to retrieve power unsuccessfully is also well known. However, one does not get the impression that there was widespread paranoia in India among the Mussalmans of those times. The Mussalman were resigned to the loss of power to a firangi nation and that too an overwhelming power with more modern weapons and tactics, about whom they could do nothing. Only two options were left, either jihad or hijrat. Neither was possible. As the British Crown took direct control of India towards the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the Muslim elites feared
their real loss of power. The coveted government jobs which the Persian-speaking elite Muslims used to enjoy in the Mughal court were directly threatened because the educational institutions in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta were producing English-educated Hindus in large numbers. That was when the elite Muslims, who waited on Viceroy Minto in c. 1906, demanded that they be not treated inferior to the Hindus in any political setup that might evolve. This was a fear expressed by an articulative band of elite Muslims that was 'accepted' by the British. This was not the majoritarian view of the Muslims simply because what the elites were articulating was beyond the grasp of the most who were artisans, peasants, traders, dervishes and the like.
The next phase was during and after the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate. Definitely, there was widespread revulsion for the British. The INC stoked the fire and led the uprising from the front. Now, there was fear as to "who will take care of the Muslims" and who "will stand up to the Angraiz". Those who wanted to move to Dar-ul-Islam Afghanistan were turned back at the borders by the Afghan King. There was a sense of complete loss. This feeling was naturally more among the Muslims of the United and Central Provinces. It was in this milieu that the slogan of 'Islam was in danger' was spread. As representative governance came into vogue, the Muslim League did not ask for proportional representation in governance; it deliberately asked for
disproportionate or even
equal representation so that talks would fail and they could raise the fear of a 'tyrannical Hindu majority' to levels of paranoia. This paranoia was spread to far corners of the united India especially the Punjab and the NWFP where there was not much support for the Muslim League. Thus, paranoia became more widespread.
After the creation of Pakistan, the state had to sustain the paranoia. Thus, every small incident that would have been considered otherwise inconsequential or normal among nation states was deliberately blown up by Pakistan to create paranoia. The cases of Hyderabad, Junagadh, Manavadar, Mongrol were deliberately whipped up. Pakistan did not even have a locus standi in these princely states. Pakistan resisted all attempts at reasonable and peaceful resolution with the intention of not only painting India as a villain but also raising the paranoia about India as a greedy Hindu state out to devour Muslim interests. Situations were thus fabricated. Rest is history.
Thus, while the stakeholders raised the India-centric paranoia among the masses, they used that for their own ends knowing perfectly well that with enormous patience and a usually benign approach, not much harm would come their way. At the same time, their benefactors would bestow Pakistan with disproportionate dividends.