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For many years, India had a skeptical take on the energy transition, arguing since the 1970s that poverty was a more pressing problem than protecting the environment. The difference now is that zero-carbon power is decisively cheaper than the competition.
Meanwhile, rising incomes mean the government needs to also think about the needs of about half a billion middle-class citizens, who worry more about where to find a good job in a clean, livable city than the basics of subsistence living.
India is still building coal-fired power plants to make sure those newly minted urbanites do not suffer power cuts in the middle of punishing heat waves, but they are not necessarily being used. Thanks to milder weather than in the past few years and the rising volumes of renewables pushing it off the grid, fossil-fired power generation fell 4 percent in the first half relative to last year.